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State of the Mangroves: Subic Bay Freeport Zone
- 1. Mangroves of the Subic Bay Freeport Zone Lilia R. Alcazar Rhea Jane P. Mallari Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA) - Ecology Center
- 2. In 1992, R.A. 7227 created the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority to manage the conversion of the former U.S. Naval Base into Subic Special Economic Freeport Zone. Presidential Proclamation 532 set its metes and bounds Composed of the former US Naval Reservation, Olongapo City, and areas in Subic and San Antonio, Zambales and Hermosa and Morong in Bataan Land Area = 55,102 has Water = 12,350 has Total Area = 67, 452 has
- 3. Bounded by Subic town in Zambales and Morong in Bataan Protected from wind and wave by the Redondo Peninsula Shoreline length = 16.5 km Coastal Area = 115 sq km Total Number of Locators = 1,234 (as of 2013) Number of Locators along the coast = 84 Labor Force = 89,436 (as of 2013) Subic Bay: Kinabuksan = 700 HH Nagbayukan = 200 HH
- 4. Nature of Business of Coastal-Dwelling Constituents •Ship repair •Ship building •Manufacturing •Tourism •Fuel depot •Port operations •Auction of used vehicles
- 5. Social problems experienced by coastal locators •Encroachment of leased properties •Lack of education and awareness and ignorance of rules and regulations re conservation of coastal resources •Conflict of interest among locators •Social acceptability of certain projects
- 6. Coastal-related environmental threats experienced by the Subic Bay Freeport Natural •Climatic changes •Typhoons and flooding •Physical processes like browsing and trampling by wildlife •Infestation by barnacles and other pests •Algal blooms Anthropogenic •Discharge of industrial pollutants •Human encroachment including reclamation •Over harvesting
- 7. Status of Mangroves in the Subic Bay Freeport Zone COVERAGE AREA (HECTARE) Closed Canopy Open Canopy Cleared/ Denuded Total 18.32 10.43 1.25 30 2. Boton 8.66 2.32 1.25 12.23 3. Nabasan 3.20 2.80 0.60 6.60 4. Triboa A 6.60 1.20 0 7.80 5. Triboa B 2.50 0 0 2.50 6. Ilanin 2.50 0 0 2.50 Total 41.78 16.75 3.10 61.63 1. Binictican & Malawaan Location
- 8. Mangroves of the Subic Bay Freeport Zone Binictican & Malawaan = 30 has Boton = 12.23 has Triboa A = 7.80 has Triboa B = 2.50 has Nabasan = 6.60 has Ilanin = 2.50 has
- 9. Boton Mangrove Triboa Mangrove
- 10. Mangroves are important to the Subic Bay Freeport Zone: •Serve as natural laboratory for research studies •Mangroves serve important ecological functions like supporting fisheries; provide feeding, spawning and nursery grounds to many fishes and crustaceans; act as buffer between the land and sea; wildlife refuge and feeding grounds for Phil. mallard •Serve as recreational grounds for bird watching and observation of other wildlife / ecotourism purposes •Source of food and low- cost housing materials for the Aytas •Source of products for selling
- 11. Economic Value of Mangroves Pastolan Village http://subicnewslink.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archi ve.html
- 12. Binictican & Malawaan = 30 has Boton = 12.23 has Degradation of mangrove forests
- 13. Degradation of mangrove forests
- 14. Mangrove Protection and Management The SBMA-Ecology Center is the department in charge of managing all the 60.ha- mangrove stands in the Subic Bay Freeport Zone
- 15. Management Prescriptions for Habitat Protection Zone Permitted Activities •scientific research and monitoring •active habitat management •swimming and snorkeling (human immersion) •traditional indigenous peoples activities •supervised scuba diving •non-powered (engine or sail) small boats activity (dinghy, kayak, canoe, row boat) in open water zones only Prohibited Activities •all extractive activities •water sports involving motor powered craft (speed boats, jet skis, launches) •sports fishing, •spearfishing, •turtle eggs collecting •harvesting of ducks and other shore birds •mining •dumping of wastes (garbage, sewage, etc.) •drop anchorage
- 16. Mangrove Rehabilitation During the roads and bridges component, 0.33 hectares (8,811 mangrove trees were affected). SBMA through the Ecology Center facilitated the replanting of 1.33 hectares (26,000 propagules) with 90% survival.
- 18. MANGROVE RESTORATION AND REHABILATION -Clean-up activities -Tree planting activities -Species planted: Bakawan and Pagatpat
- 19. Biodiversity Monitoring Program Purpose: To assure periodic assessment of protected areas and buffer zones within the SBFZ and to ensure prompt abatement of environmental degradation of economically, aesthetically and ecologically important marine and terrestrial resources Monitoring and Evaluation
- 20. Mangrove monitoring •Organized the SBMA Biodiversity Monitoring Team (SBMT) and continuously train the members •Developed system for monitoring •Established permanent transects and plots
- 21. Impacts of mangrove protection •Enhancement of mangrove forest •Conservation of mangrove ecosystem services •Sustainability of the resources
- 22. Summary and Recommendations •Increase people’s awareness on the importance of mangroves thru IEC •Stricter enforcement of environmental laws •Conduct scientific studies on the status of planted mangroves and their growth rates •Attract more researchers to focus their study on the mangroves of the Subic Bay Freeport by networking and collaboration with academic and research institutions