jewish cemeteries, synagogues, and mass grave sites in ukraine

JEWISH CEMETERIES, SYNAGOGUES, 

AND MASS GRAVE SITES IN UKRAINE 

United States Commission for 

the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad 

2005

UNITED STATES COMMISSION FOR 

THE PRESERVATION OF AMERICA’S HERITAGE ABROAD 

Warren L. Miller, Chairman 

McLean, VA 

Members: 

Ned Bandler 

Bridgewater, CT 

Chaskel Besser 

New York, NY 

Amy S. Epstein 

Pinellas Park, FL 

Edgar Gluck 

Brooklyn, NY 

Phyllis Kaminsky 

Potomac, MD 

Zvi Kestenbaum 

Brooklyn, NY 

Daniel Lapin 

Mercer Island, WA 

Gary J. Lavine 

Fayetteville, NY 

Michael B. Levy 

Washington, DC 

Rachmiel Liberman 

Brookline, MA 

Laura Raybin Miller 

Pembroke Pines, FL 

Vincent Obsitnik 

McLean, VA 

August B. Pust 

Euclid, OH 

Menno Ratzker 

Monsey, NY 

Harriet Rotter 

Bingham Farms, MI 

Lee Seeman 

Great Neck, NY 

Steven E. Some 

Princeton, NJ 

Irving Stolberg 

New Haven, CT 

Ari Storch 

Potomac, MD 

Staff: 

Jeffrey L. Farrow 

Executive Director 

Samuel Gruber 

Research Director 

Katrina A. Krzysztofiak 

Program Manager 

Patricia Hoglund 

Administrative Officer 

888 17 th Street, N.W., Suite 1160 

Washington, DC 20006 

Ph: ( 202) 254-3824 Fax: ( 202) 254-3934 

E-mail: uscommission@heritageabroad.gov

May 30, 2005 

Message from the Chairman 

One of the principal missions that United States law assigns the Commission for the Preservation 

of America’s Heritage Abroad is to identify and report on cemeteries, monuments, and historic 

buildings in Central and Eastern Europe associated with the cultural heritage of U.S. citizens, 

especially endangered sites. The Congress and the President were prompted to establish the 

Commission because of the special problem faced by Jewish sites in the region: The 

communities that had once cared for the properties were annihilated during the Holocaust. The 

atheistic Communist Party dictatorships that succeeded the Nazis throughout most of the region 

were insensitive to American Jewish concerns about the preservation of the sites. Properties 

were converted to other uses or encroached upon by development. Natural deterioration was not 

counteracted. Vandalism often went unchecked. 

This report identifies and discusses Jewish cemeteries, synagogue buildings, and Holocaust mass 

graves located within the borders of present-day Ukraine. Many of these sites are endangered. I 

hope that the report will encourage preservation efforts and assist American Jews of Ukrainian 

descent to connect with the last remnants of their heritage in Ukraine. 

The Commission is also required by U.S. law to seek assurances from the governments of the 

region regarding the protection and preservation of these cultural heritage properties. I am 

pleased to note that the Governments of the United States and Ukraine entered into a 

Commission-negotiated agreement regarding the protection and preservation of places of 

worship, historic sites, cemeteries, and memorials in 1994. The agreement covers the sites 

identified in this report.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................................................i 

EXPLANATORY NOTES ................................................................................................................iii 

MAP OF UKRAINE AND OBLASTS (R EGIONS)..............................................................................iv 

I. INTRODUCTION: ......................................................................................................1 

I.1 About the Survey..............................................................................................1 

I.2 Recent and Current Efforts to Document Jewish Sites............................... 2 

I.3 Survey Rationale & Methodology ..................................................................4 

II. OVERVIEW: JEWISH HERITAGE IN UKRAINE.............................................13 

II.1 Pre-Communist ..............................................................................................13 

II.2 First Independent Communist Periods (1917-1939)...................................16 

II.3 Holocaust (1939-1945) ...................................................................................17 

II.4 Soviet Era, Post-Holocaust (1945-1990).......................................................17 

II.5 Modern Era (1990-2003) ...............................................................................18 

III. JEWISH SITES IN UKRAINE ................................................................................21 

III.1 A Legacy of Synagogues and Cemeteries.....................................................21 

III.2 Synagogues and Other Religious Buildings.................................................27 

III.3 Other Jewish Communal and Cultural Sites...............................................29 

III.4 Jewish Cemeteries in Ukraine.......................................................................31 

III.4 (a) History and Description of Jewish Cemeteries .........................31 

III.4 (b) Types of Gravestones and Other Cemetery Features...............34 

IV. PRESERVATION EFFORTS AND ISSUES ..........................................................37 

IV.1 The Fate of Jewish Monuments in the Holocaust (1939-1945)..................37 

IV.2 Ukrainian Jewish Sites Under Communism................................................38 

IV.3 The Care for Jewish Sites in Independent Ukraine ....................................42 

IV.3 (a) Cemeteries.....................................................................................42 

IV.3 (b) Legal and Political Initiatives for Cemetery Preservation............46 

IV.3 (c) Cemetery Preservation Challenges..............................................48 

IV.4 Holocaust Execution and Mass Burial Sites................................................53 

IV.5 Synagogues......................................................................................................62 

V. AUDIENCE ................................................................................................................68 

V.1 The Return Home...........................................................................................68 

V.2 Pilgrimage Sites..............................................................................................70 

VI. ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION ...........................................................................74 

APPENDIX I: 

APPENDIX II: 

SITES SURVEYED, LISTED ALPHABETICALLY................................................79 

SYNAGOGUES AND FORMER SYNAGOGUES IN UKRAINE................................87 

APPENDIX III: CEMETERIES AND SELECTED CONDITION INFORMATION .............................97 

APPENDIX IV: MASS GRAVE SITES .......................................................................................133 

APPENDIX V: 

PARTIAL LIST OF HOLOCAUST M EMORIALS IN UKRAINE...........................143

APPENDIX VI: LIST OF USEFUL CONTACT ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND 

INDIVIDUALS .................................................................................................147 

APPENDIX VII: THE SURVEY FORM......................................................................................162 

APPENDIX VIII: U.S. - UKRAINE CULTURAL HERITAGE AGREEMENT .................................175 

APPENDIX IX: 

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS...............................................................................178

Acknowledgements 

Most of the work on this report and the survey that it reports on was done by the Commission’s 

Research Director, Samuel D. Gruber. His efforts were supplemented by Executive Director 

Jeffrey L. Farrow, Program Manager Katrina A. Krzysztofiak, and Administrative Officer 

Patricia Hoglund, all under the direction of Chairman Warren L. Miller. 

Many members of the Commission have taken a deep interest in this project and in related issues 

concerning the state of Jewish sites in Ukraine. Rabbis Zvi Kestenbaum and Chaskel Besser and 

Irving Stolberg deserve special mention. Thanks go to the staff of the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv, 

including former Ambassador Steven Karl Pifer, and the Ukraine Desk at the U.S. State 

Department, especially former Officer Nicholas Greanias. 

The World Monuments Fund (WMF), which co-sponsored the survey during its first two years 

of field work provided support that should also be acknowledged. Special thanks go to WMF 

President Bonnie Burnham and to Ambassador Ronald S. Lauder, Chairman of WMF’s Jewish 

Heritage Council (now Jewish Heritage Program). This report could not have succeeded without 

critical support at several stages from Ambassador Lauder and from the foundation that bears his 

name. The Richard and Rachel Goldman Fund also provided much appreciated project support 

during the first phase of field work. 

To prepare this survey, visits to Jewish sites throughout the country took place over a period of 

almost five years, beginning in 1995. The work was conducted by the Jewish Preservation 

Committee of Ukraine (JPCU) led by Jed Sunden, Yulia Shvartz Zevelev, Dmitry Surovtsev, and 

Yuliy Lifshits, who all moved the project forward at different times. Eleonora Evgenievna 

Sokilova served as JPCU Survey Coordinator for Kyiv and the regions of Chernihiv, Poltava, 

and Vinnytsia. 

More than a dozen individuals throughout Ukraine worked as members of the JPCU survey team 

to locate hundreds of cemeteries and mass grave sites, many unvisited for years. This dedicated 

group of field researchers includes Sergei Aberman, Iosif Gelston, Yuri Hodorkovsky, Moisey 

Davidovich Kirzhner, Michael Kirzhner, Leonid Kogan, Vladimir Moiseevich Oks, Mark 

Shevelev, Vladimir Trofimovich Tsyauk, and Aleksandr Zevelev. 

The results of this survey could not be presented in this form without the assistance of John 

Meltzer and Eric Anderson of the Jewish Heritage Research Center in Syracuse, who have spent 

many hours analyzing and inputting data. Eric Anderson especially is responsible for collating 

much of the material into table form and for helping to edit and collate the final report. His 

assistance was essential. Rahel Elmer Reger helped prepare the final transcript for publication. 

In Kyiv, the survey could not have been carried out without the participation of Yaakov Dov 

Bleich, Chief Rabbi of Kyiv and Ukraine. Thanks also to Rabbis Shlomo Breuer of 

Berdychiv, Shlomo Wilhelm of Zhytomyr, and Mordechai Bold of Lviv who also provided 

information. 

i

Additional thanks go to many individuals in Ukraine involved in the documentation, protection, 

and preservation of Jewish heritage in that country who also shared information. Special thanks 

go to Meylakh Sheykhet, who has shared his knowledge of the Jewish sites of the western 

Ukraine, and has provided valuable insight regarding the needs of specific cemeteries and 

Ukrainian Jewish cemeteries in general. 

Jewish genealogists and other researchers the world over have also generously provided 

information and photographs of many sites that have augmented the findings of the JPCU. 

Miriam Weiner, whose many years of work searching out archival sources for Jewish roots in 

Ukraine was particularly helpful, and her monumental book, Jewish Roots in Ukraine and 

Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories, was an important source during the 

final phases of the survey and writing work. 

Others who have provided useful information include Chaim Fischer, Rabbi Abraham J. Heschel 

on Strusiv, Ronald Kushner for information about Kremenchuk, Frank J. Jacobowitz for 

photographs of Rava-Ruska, Esfir Kaganovsky for Zhytomyr, Maria Lerner for Brailiv, Rabbi 

Abraham Marmorstein, Clifford Rees, and Raymond Guggenheim for information regarding 

Sadhora, Abe and Sally Magid for information about Uzhhorod, Neil Rosenstein, and Benjamin 

Solomowitz for material related to Brody, Sue Talansky for information about Kamianka-Buzka, 

and Rabbi Joseph Weber on Khust. 

Thanks also to Eleonora Bergman of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, Arnold Berke of 

the National Trust for Historic Preservation, Prof. Zvi Gitelman of the University of Michigan, 

Prof. Celia Heller, architectural historians Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka, and Prof. Harry 

Reicher of Agudath Israel. 

The survey form used in this project was developed in consultation with Phyllis Myers and 

others during previous country surveys. Many discussions with Phyllis Myers also helped define 

some of the issues addressed in this report, especially in the section enumerating issues for 

further consideration. 

The dedication and hard work of the International Association Jewish Genealogy Societies and 

their Cemetery Project, founded by Arlene and Sid Sachs, is also acknowledged. 

ii

Explanatory Notes 

Spelling 

Current Ukrainian place names are given for all locations. Alphabetical listing of sites follows 

the order of the English alphabet. 

Current names of places can be found in Where Once We Walked: A Guide to the Jewish 

Communities Destroyed in the Holocaust by Gary Mokotoff and Sallyann Amdur Sack 

(Avotaynu, Inc., Teaneck, NJ, 1991; revised edition, 2002). 

Illustrations 

It is impossible to include photographs of more than a representative sample of the Jewish sites 

in Ukraine in a report of this size. The photographs included have been chosen for their visual 

quality and to illustrate specific topics addressed in this report. Additional photographs may be 

found in: Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories 

by Miriam Weiner (New York, 1999). 

The report's appendices are designed for genealogists and travelers searching for information 

about the existence and condition of cemeteries and mass graves in villages, towns and cities 

throughout Ukraine. Information about surviving synagogues and identifiable cemeteries is 

given in separate tables. Current use is indicated when known, and in the cases of cemeteries, an 

approximate number of surviving gravestones and information about threats confronting the site 

is given. Travelers to cemeteries are advised to consult the Commission’s Website, 

www.heritageabroad.gov. 

Information about individual burial plots was not gathered in the survey. Some local Jewish 

communities have information about individual sites. Their addresses are included in Appendix 

VI. Additional genealogical information and contacts with individuals and organizations with 

similar interests and concerns can be found on-line by consulting www.jewishgen.org. 

iii

Map of Ukraine and Oblasts (Regions) 

iv

I. INTRODUCTION: 

I.1 About the Survey 

Millions of American Jews can trace their ancestry to the Pale of Settlement, a large territory of 

czarist Russia where Jews were legally authorized to live throughout the 19 th century until 

restrictions were lifted in 1917. 1 Established after the second partition of Poland in 1793 and 

subsequently expanded, the Pale of Settlement included within its boundaries part of present day 

Poland, and much of what is now Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine. According to an 1897 

census, 4,899,300 Jews lived within the Pale, forming 94 percent of the Jewish population of 

Russia, and 11.6% of the total population of this area. Because of the substantial Jewish 

population, the area contains the largest concentration of Jewish historic sites in the world, 

despite the destruction in the Second World War and during the communist era. 

In 1994, the Commission released its full survey of Jewish sites within the boundaries of modern 

Poland, part of which was previously in the Pale. 2 A revised edition was released the following 

year. This report, which covers modern Ukraine, is a natural continuation of that survey. Some 

of the territory included, however, is located outside the Pale of Settlement, including areas open 

to Jewish settlement in earlier and later times. The survey includes the historic Jewish 

communities of Galicia – in western Ukraine, but also large areas to the east and south that have 

somewhat different traditions and history. In these areas, in many cases settled by Jews only in 

the 19 th century, large populations survived the Second World War and continue today. Despite 

emigration from Ukraine, several cities, including Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv, and Odesa located 

within the Pale of Settlement, and Kharkiv, which was not, have substantial and active Jewish 

communities today. 

Of the once vast number of cemeteries, synagogues, communal buildings and other significant 

Jewish cultural sites, a small number function today, and only a small part of the total are even 

recognizable for what they once were. The Nazi destruction of Jewish buildings and cemeteries 

had the goal of eradicating every trace of Jewish existence. This was preceded by Soviet 

expropriation of many Jewish communal sites, including the destruction of cemeteries. The Nazi 

devastation in Ukraine was followed by a half century of neglect of most of those places that 

managed to survive. Government is much more open to preservation of the sites now but halting 

and reversing deterioration, and correcting the effects of mindless and inappropriate change, 

which is still an enormous task. 

This survey, conducted between 1995 and 2000 by the Jewish Preservation Committee of 

Ukraine (JPCU), identified over 1,500 cemeteries, mass graves, and synagogues within the 

territory of present day Ukraine. Since 1997, the information has been made available on the 

Internet through the volunteer work of the International Association of Jewish Genealogical 

Societies (http://www.jewishgen.org/cemetery/). 

1 

On the Pale of Settlement, see Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Keter, 1972), Vol. 13, 24-27. 

2 

Survey of Historic Jewish Sites in Poland. (New York: World Monuments Fund, 1994, revised second edition 

1995). 

1

The condition of the sites surveyed ranged from good to deplorable. Site researchers catalogued 

a variety of threats, from overgrown vegetation and erosion, to vandalism, pollution, and nearby 

development. 

Conducting this survey was a difficult task. Researchers trekked from village to village, often 

unsure of the reception they would receive, and always uncertain about what remnants of the 

Jewish past they would find. In the words of E. Sokilova, JPCU Survey Coordinator for the 

oblasts of Kyiv, Chernihiv, Poltava, and Vinnytsia: 

All the time I had an impression of seeing ‘ruins of Rome.’ The whole social-and-cultural layer 

of the Jewish shtetl has vanished. Only where some reasonable number of Jews still live can one 

find ‘isles’ of the mostly-vanished past. The once flourishing shtetls have become ordinary 

villages, sovkhoses, kolkhoses, etc. Even buses only go there one or two times a week from the 

regional center. Other days, one must get there only by hitchhiking, and it is possible only in 

good weather. One cannot imagine how many times I had to get to a village using a bread carrier, 

or a milk carrier, or a tractor, to say nothing about horses, because the only bus route was 

canceled because of lack of gasoline. The risk of being stuck in some out-of-the-way place was 

always with me. 

I.2 Recent and Current Efforts to Document Jewish Sites 

Since the rebirth of Jewish communal life in the area of the former Soviet Union, several 

different projects have been initiated to help preserve Jewish sites throughout Ukraine. 

The Government of Ukraine has pledged its help in restoring certain Jewish sites, especially 

some of the larger synagogues, which have architectural and historical significance. None have 

been completed however. 

The Ukrainian Landmarks Preservation Society has done some preliminary survey work, mainly 

around the Lviv region. It began work on the reconstruction of the Brody synagogue in the late 

1980s or early 1990s, but this work has been halted for many years (figures 8 & 9). 

Recently, test excavations were undertaken on the site of the former Jewish “court” in Belz. In 

addition, the municipality of Zhovkva is undertaking the restoration of the 17 th century 

synagogue in that town (figures 42, 43 & 44) which will serve as a regional Jewish museum. 

The project has received funding from the World Monuments Fund, a private New York-based 

historic preservation organization, and the Ukrainian government. The project, however, is still 

in its early stages. 3 

3 The synagogue was listed by the World Monuments Fund on its list of 100 most endangered sites for 2000. See 

WMF’s Web site: www.wmf.org, and “Zhovkva Synagogue: Future Museum of Galician Jewry?” in Jewish 

Heritage Report, II:3-4 (1998-1999). 

2

In 1990, the St. Petersburg Jewish University of Russia, through its Center for Research and 

Presentation of the Eastern European Diaspora, initiated survey work of Jewish sites in Ukraine, 

under the direction of Ilya Dworkin, Benjamin Lukin, and Boris Khaimovich. Extensive site 

visits focused on cemeteries and synagogues and provided good documentation. 4 Lukin and 

Khaimovich now live in Israel, and they have continued their work in conjunction with the 

Center for Jewish Art at Hebrew University. During the course of their expeditions in Ukraine, 

their teams surveyed some 130 cemeteries and fully documented around 70 in the regions of 

Galicia (Halychyna), Volyn, Podillia, and Bukovyna. Some extremely rare finds were made, 

particularly regarding tombstones marking the beginning of Jewish settlement in the region in 

the early sixteenth century. More than 3,000 decorated tombstones from the seventeenth and 

eighteenth centuries were also recorded. 5 The Center for Jewish Art’s underlying philosophy is 

that all these sites are at risk and that information about them must be saved, even if the sites 

themselves are not. 

The Center for Jewish Art’s documentation of synagogues has been funded in part by the Getty 

Grant Program. This effort continues work begun by architect Sergei Kravtsov in the early 

1990s when he was chief specialist of the West Ukrainian Institute for the Conservation of 

Monuments and a lecturer at the Lviv Polytechnic University. Kravtsov subsequently 

immigrated to Israel. Some fifteen teams of architects have worked to fully document 40 historic 

synagogues. 

Other individuals and groups from abroad have, at one time or another, initiated work on specific 

sites. For example, the Jewish Community Relations Council of Cincinnati, which has been 

involved with the city government of Kharkiv as part of a sister-city arrangement, worked to 

have the main synagogue of the city returned to the local Jewish community in 1990. 6 The 

synagogue subsequently suffered an arson attack in 1998 during the restoration process. The 

attack caused damage costing approximately $1million to repair. 7 Genealogists have also 

compiled general and specific collections of data, descriptive information, photographs, 

historical notices and other materials related to Jewish sites. 

Much of the available material is listed in the compendium assembled by Miriam Weiner, a 

professional genealogist who for more than a decade has led individuals and groups to research 

their ancestral history in Ukraine, including visits to cemeteries and other Jewish religious and 

historic sites. Her book, 8 published in 1999, is a rich resource for old and new photographs of 

scores of Ukrainian Jewish sites. Her tables of archival material are an essential resource for 

anyone in search of documentary evidence of family history. 

4 See their Web site: http://www.hum.huji.ac.il/CJA/. 

5 For a description of the expedition of 1997, see: “In Search of Jewish Art in Romania and the Ukraine” in 

Newsletter of the Center for Jewish Art, 12 (Oct 1996); “In Search of Jewish Art in Western Ukraine,” in Newsletter 

of the Center for Jewish Art, 14 (Summer 1998), 9; and “Remnants of a Material Legacy: Documenting Jewish 

Architecture and Cemeteries in Ukraine,” in Newsletter of the Center for Jewish Art, 15 (Summer 2000). 

6 Unpublished paper by Alice Abrams delivered at Future of Jewish Monuments conference, New York, November, 

1990. See also “Kharkiv Returns Shul to Jewish Community”, JTA, (August 31, 1990). 

7 “Blaze Damages Shul in Ukraine,” JTA, published in The Forward (September 4, 1998). 

8 Miriam Weiner, Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories (New York: 

YIVO and Routes to Roots Foundation, 1999). 

3

More localized efforts have also arisen from genealogical passion. Neil Rosenstein and 

Benjamin Solomowitz coordinated comprehensive photographic documentation of nearly 

5,000 extant gravestones in the Jewish cemetery in Brody, noted for their unusual height, many 

measuring over six feet tall. A second phase of the project involved the transcription of the 

names and text on each stone. The complete transcription provides a list of all persons buried in 

Brody from approximately 1838-1938. 9 

In 1994, the JPCU began survey work using procedures developed by the World Monuments 

Fund and the Commission in previous surveys. This became the basis of the extended survey 

that is summarized in this report. 

I.3 Survey Rationale & Methodology 

The JPCU is the investigative arm of the Union of Jewish Religious Organizations of Ukraine. 

The main aim of the JPCU is to find and describe all kinds of Jewish burial sites throughout the 

territory of Ukraine regardless of date or appearance. This survey includes Jewish cemeteries, 

separate Jewish sections of municipal cemeteries, mixed burial places, demolished Jewish 

cemeteries, and mass graves. The findings are presented in this report for the first time. There 

was no prior list of cemeteries to work from, nor any previous similar inventory or survey. At 

present, there are no similar scientific or statistical lists or databases of information for the type 

of information collected in this survey. 

Finding the locations of cemeteries was difficult. There was no data about Jewish cemeteries in 

the territory of the former Russian Empire or the former Soviet Union. Since 1917, the number 

of Jewish burial sites increased for many reasons: pogroms during 1919-1922; the uniting of 

areas of Jewish burial with burial grounds of people of other religions and nationalities in shared 

municipal cemeteries, and, especially, the killings by Nazis and their collaborators during the 

Second World War. 

JPCU researchers carried out research in libraries and archives, mostly in Kyiv, and utilized 

other information sources. In addition, materials from the Center for Jewish Art of the Hebrew 

University in Jerusalem and the Center of the East-Europe Jewish Investigations of St. 

Petersburg Jewish University were used to create the list of initial settlements presumed to have 

had Jewish cemeteries. The expeditions sponsored by those research institutions only covered 

the western and southwestern regions of Ukraine, however, and despite the fact that these 

expeditions had been underway for a decade, all the settlements had not been investigated. 

Recent Ukrainian publications about the Holocaust chronicle the mass murder of Jews, and also 

list settlements where atrocities took place. 10 The information is based on formerly secret 

archive sources. However, even works such as these do not contain complete lists of settlements. 

Some oblasts, such as Zakarpatska, Kharkivska, Donetska, Luhanska, are not fully described. 

Mostly, there is only general data without names of specific settlements. Despite research by the 

JPCU, such information still lacks accuracy that could be made more accurate by on-site 

research. 

9 “Brody Cemetery Project” in Jewish Heritage Report #1 (March 1997). 

10 

A.I.Kruglov, The Extermination of Jewish population of Ukraine during 1941 – 1944, and ibid., The 

Extermination of Jewish Population of Vinnitska Oblast during 1941 – 1944. 

4

Totals of Cemeteries and Mass Grave Sites Visited by JPCU Listed by Region: 

Oblast (Region) Cemeteries Surveyed Mass Graves Surveyed 

Cherkaska 24 27 

Chernihivska 25 15 

Chernivetska 20 7 

Dnipropetrovska 5 4 

Donetska 5 0 

Ivano-Frankivska 34 7 

Kharkivska 0 10 

Khersonska 9 10 

Khmelnytska 38 29 

Kyivska 50 17 

Kirovohradska 21 17 

Krymska 1 0 

Luhanska 2 0 

Lvivska 81 17 

Mykolaivska 7 30 

Odeska 40 32 

Poltavska 20 12 

Rivnenska 40 32 

Sumska 6 23 

Ternopilska 34 9 

Vinnytska 92 84 

Volynska 33 29 

Zakarpatska 63 1 

Zaporizka 15 12 

Zhytomyrska 65 71 

Total 731 495 

5

Fig. 1. Kamjanka-Buzka (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Broken gravestones at old cemetery. Photo: Sue Talansky 

8/1997 

6

Fig. 2. Zhytomyr (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Dedication of Holocaust memorial on site of mass grave. Photo: 

Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

Fig. 3. Zhytomyr (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Dedication of Holocaust memorial on site of mass grave. 

Speakers included U.S. Commission Member Irving Stolberg, Deputy Minister of Culture and Arts of Ukraine 

Leonid Novokhatko, and Rabbi Shlomo Wilhelm of Zhytomyr. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

7

Fig. 4. Busk (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

Fig. 5. Busk (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

8

Fig. 6. Sokil (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Ruined synagogue. Exterior. Photo: Eleonora Bergman 6/1995 

Fig. 7. Sokil (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Ruined synagogue. Interior. Photo: Eleonora Be rgman 6/1995 

9

Fig. 8. Brody (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Ruined synagogue. Exterior. Photo: Eleonora Bergman 6/1995 

Fig. 9. Brody (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Ruined synagogue. Interior. Photo: Eleonora Bergman 6/1995 

10

Fig. 10. Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska oblast), Ukraine. Ohel of Ba’al Shem Tov. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

Fig. 11. Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska oblast), Ukraine. Re -erected gravestones. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

11

Fig. 12. Sadhora (Chernivetska oblast), Ukraine. View of cemetery. Photo: Raymond M. Guggenheim 8/1999 

Fig. 13. Sadhora (Chernivetska oblast), Ukraine. Detail of grave of rabbis. Photo: Raymond M. Guggenheim 

8/1999 

12

II. OVERVIEW: JEWISH HERITAGE IN UKRAINE 11 

Jews lived along the Ukrainian coast of the Black Sea in Greek and Roman times, from the first 

through fourth centuries and have probably lived elsewhere in the territory of Ukraine 

continuously since the tenth century, long before the Ukrainian nation emerged. 12 By the end of 

the 1500s, there were about 45,000 Jews in the regions now constituting Ukraine. By the mid- 

1800s, there were almost 600,000 Jews in the parts of Ukraine under Russian rule. Many more 

lived in parts of modern Ukraine that were then part of Austro-Hungary. 

The Jews of Ukraine currently constitute the third largest Jewish community in Europe and the 

fifth largest in the world. Jews are mainly concentrated in Kyiv (110,000), Dnipropetrovsk 

(60,000), Kharkiv (45,000) and Odesa (45,000). Jews also live in many of the smaller towns. 

Western Ukraine, however, has only a small remnant of its former population, with Lviv and 

Chernivtsi each having only about 6,000 Jews. The majority of Jews in present-day Ukraine are 

native Russian-Ukrainian speakers, and only some of the elderly speak Yiddish as their first 

language. By contrast, in 1926, 76.1% claimed Yiddish as their mother tongue. The average age 

is close to 45. 

Since 1991, the idea of a distinct Ukrainian Jewry has been revived. In former times, Jews living 

in various parts of the territory of present-day Ukraine had identified themselves as Russian, 

Polish, Galician, Romanian, Bessarabian, Hungarian, or even Austrian Jews and, more recently, 

as Soviet Jews. 

II.1 

Pre-Communist 

Jews appeared in the territory of present-day Ukraine in antiquity, when Jews are known to have 

lived in Greek settlements in the Crimea from the first through fourth centuries C.E. Much later, 

in the 12 th century, when this territory became the part of Khazar Kaganate, Judaism played an 

important role. Many Khazars converted to Judaism. There is substantial ongoing research 

about the history of the Khazars and the extent of the Jewish practice. Khazar necropolises are 

known in Ukraine. 

Ancient Russian chronicles relate that Jews from Khazaria visited Volodymyr, the prince of 

Kyiv-Rus, to try to convert him to Judaism in 986. A letter written by Kyiv Jews found in the 

Cairo Geniza indicates that Jews were settled in central Ukraine in the 10 th century. Medieval 

writers Benjamin of Tudela and Pethahiah of Regensburg, the latter of whom visited Kyiv in the 

12 th century, mention the city. 13 Additional evidence is the name of one of the Kyiv city gates of 

the 12th century – Zhydivski Vorota (Jewish Gate) –situated near present-day Lvivska Ploshcha- 

11 The following sources have been utilized for this historical overview: Zvi Gittleman, “The Jews of Ukraine and 

Moldova”; Miriam Weiner, Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories 

(New York: YIVO and Routes to Roots Foundation, 1999; 21-26; Zvi Gittleman, A Century of Ambivalence: The 

Jews of Russia and the Soviet Union 1881 to the Present (New York: Schocken Books, 1988); Salo W. Baron, The 

Russian Jews under Tsars and Soviets (New York: Schocken Books, 1964, revised second edition 1987); and 

Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Keter, 1972), various volumes. 

12 Robert S. MacLennan, “Diaspora Jews, Romans, Others in The Greek Style Cities of the First Century Crimea” at 

http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~norman/bsp/Cher/rsm01.1.html. 

13 “Kiev” in Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Keter, 1972), vol. 10 , 991–998. 

13

(Lviv square). Unfortunately, there is no information about Jewish cemeteries from that time, 

but at least one Jewish cemetery must have existed in Kyiv. Then, beginning in the 12 th century, 

Jews entered the territory of Ukraine from Western Europe in the wake of the expansion of the 

Teutonic Knights and other Christian forces. Jews also migrated to Ukraine from the east due to 

the persecution against Judaism from Russian and Byzantium Orthodox clergy. 

The most active period of migration to western Ukraine was in the 16 th and 17 th centuries when 

the region was under Polish rule. The Polish nobility invited Jews to help manage their estates 

and develop economic activity in the newly founded private towns. Predominantly Jewish 

towns (shtetls) began to appear on Ukrainian territory as early as the 15 th century when the 

Polish aristocracy invited Jews to settle. By the 17 th century, Jews began also to settle in eastern 

Ukraine. Jewish communities appeared in Podillia, and farther to the east in the towns of Rivne, 

Chernihiv, Bila Tserkva, Bohuslav, Perejaslav, Pyriatyn, Lokhvytsia, Dubno, etc. Architectural 

remains and cemeteries in these areas date from this period. 

Thus, from the 16 th century until 1939, the largest and most important Jewish community in the 

world was located in Eastern Europe in the region that was first under the control of the Polish- 

Lithuanian Kingdom, much of which later became part of the Russian Empire. Approximately 

half of this historic region is now part of the new modern nation of Ukraine, which gained 

independence in 1991. 

Western Ukraine was the site of some of the earliest Jewish settlements. By 1447, a Jewish 

community was established in Sambir, and soon afterward Jews settled in Uzhhorod, which 

became a Jewish religious center (this area was part of Czekhoslovakia between the World 

Wars). At Berehovo, then part of Hungary, Polish Jews were encouraged to settle on the estates 

of the Schoenborn counts. Mukachevo was once home to thirty synagogues and had a Hebrew 

press established in 1871. 

Beginning in the 16 th century, Ukraine was the site for nearly every major religious, social, and 

political movement in the Jewish world. Despite the devastation of the Chmelnytskyj massacres 

in 1648 (in which 100,000 Jews died), the Jewish community continued to grow and develop. 

Israel B. Eliezer, known as the Ba’al Shem Tov (c. 1698 – 1760) founded Hasidism, the popular 

religious movement, in the western Ukrainian regions of Podillia and Volyn during the first half 

of the 18 th century. 

The teaching and practice of Hasidism offered hope and dignity to a large portion of the Jewish 

population of Eastern Europe, particularly those who were looked down upon by the Jewish 

establishment of community leaders and scholarly rabbis because of their semi-literacy, 

ignorance of Jewish law, and poverty. 

The Ba’al Shem Tov and his followers placed prayer and faith on an equal footing with 

scholarship and knowledge of the law. Thus, through a religious movement, a large Jewish 

underclass was recognized as a powerful and legitimate religious and social force. With 

Hasidism, even the ignorant could find divine grace in prayer with purity of heart, devotion, and 

enthusiasm. 

14

Hasidism taught that God should be served with joy and happiness, thus the movement fostered a 

rich tradition of song, dance, and story telling. A corollary to this was the increased belief in 

wonder-working rabbis. These sages, known as Tsaddikim, continue to be revered by Hasidic 

Jews today, who especially venerate their graves and consider it a duty and privilege to visit and 

pray at the resting places of their revered teachers, many of whom lie buried in the Jewish 

cemeteries of western Ukraine. 14 

Initially rejected and bitterly fought by adherents of the Orthodox status quo, Hasidism was 

gradually embraced by much of the Jewish population of all social classes. In many ways the 

movement reinvigorated Eastern European Judaism after the devastation of the 17 th -century 

pogroms and the increasing polarization of Jewish society. 

The legacy of Hasidism remains especially strong through western Ukraine, with numerous sites 

associated with the movement’s founders and the many revered successors. Some places in 

Ukraine, like Sadhora, were established as major Hasidic centers and attracted large numbers of 

devout Jews for generations. In the 1730s, the Ba’al Shem Tov stayed in the vicinity of Kosiv 

(then part of Poland) and this town later became an important Hasidic center. Kuty also had a 

strong Hasidic element. Jews owned eleven houses in the town of Sniatyn as early as 1592 and 

this town later developed as a Hasidic center. Sadhora, established in the 18 th century, had a 

famous synagogue known as the “Great Shul” and became the seat of the rabbis known as 

“Ruzhiner.” All of these towns had impressive Jewish cemeteries, parts of which still survive. 

Members of the Shnayer dynasty of Tsaddikim are buried in the town of Vynohradiv (Western 

Ukraine). 

In 1791, Empress Catherine II initiated the creation of the Jewish Pale – the territory where Jews 

were allowed to settle and pursue a wide range of economic activities. Soon after the beginning 

of the 19 th century, Alexander I ordered Jews to take surnames. These, as a rule, originated from 

the names of places where Jews lived (Vinnitsky from Vinnytsia, Zaslavsky from Zaslavl, etc.) 

or from the occupation (Soifer, Reznik, etc.). Often surnames reflected a religious characteristic, 

for example families of Levite origin took the surnames Levitin, Levin, Levitansky, Levitan, etc.. 

There were similar origins for Kogan, Kagan, Shoichet, and other names. 

In 1817, the Jewish Pale was ratified as the territory where Jews could live in shtetls only, 

mainly on the lands of Galicia, Volyn, and Podolia. Ukraine, as a part of the Pale of Settlement, 

was densely populated with Jews. All the territory of so-called Slobozhanshina (Kharkiv, 

Katerynoslav, Luhansk, and others) was, however, an area where Jews were prohibited from 

settling. In big towns such as Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Odesa, however, Jews were allowed to live if 

they met certain financial and social qualifications. Thus, despite many restrictions, Jews played 

a prominent role in the development of commerce and industry in the region, and especially in 

the growth of its major cities such as Kyiv, Odesa, and Kharkiv. 

14 The literature on Hasidism is vast. Many have been introduced to the stories of the sages through the writings of 

Martin Buber and Elie Wiesel. See especially Buber’s Tales of the Hasidim (New York: Schocken Books, 1947) 

and Wiesel’s Souls on Fire (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982). A more scholarly approach can be found in 

Gershon David Hundert, ed., Essential Papers on Hasidism: Origins to Present (New York and London: New York 

University Press, 1991). 

15

Many of the most important Jewish thinkers of the modern age were born in those cities. In 

Kyiv and Odesa, for example, the Jewish Enlightenment movement; (known as the Haskalah, 

found some of its earliest support. These cities were also the home of such famous Yiddish and 

Hebrew writers as Sholom Aliechem (1859-1916), I.L. Peretz (1852-1915), and Mendele 

Mocher Seforim (1835-1917) as well as important Zionist figures such as Leo Pinsker (1821- 

1891), Ahad Ha-Am (1856-1927), and Vladimir Jabotinsky (1880-1940). The Haskalah 

movement also took hold in west central Ukraine where, for example, Khotyn’s Jewish 

population grew after Bessarabia became part of Russia in 1812. By mid-century, it had become 

a center for Haskalah and even had a private school for girls. 

At the beginning of the 19 th century, there was an organized, official attempt to settle Jews on the 

land as farmers. Jewish agricultural colonies were created, and Jews were moved to the lands of 

Kherson gubernia, beginning a continuous movement of Jews east and south. 

By the beginning of the 20 th century, Jews lived in almost all the towns of Ukraine. They also 

constituted one-third of the total urban population. More than one-third of all Jews in western 

and central Ukraine lived in towns or shtetls where they formed an absolute majority. The 

largest population lived in the western and southwestern areas. 

The brutal pogroms of 1881-82 were carried out mostly in Ukraine; these atrocities and 

economic hardship stimulated substantial Jewish emigration from the region to the United States 

and other countries. In 1903, there was a particularly brutal pogrom in Kishinev (now Chisinau, 

the capital of Moldova.) More pogroms took place in 1905-06. The emigration to the United 

States began in the 1880s as a result of pogroms, but the most intense emigration took place after 

1903. Jews also moved to Western Europe, Australia, and South America, but the greatest 

number immigrated to North America, particularly to the United States. 

The Russian Revolution and the Civil War of 1918-21 brought the greatest violence since the 

17 th century against Jews in Ukraine and the greatest destruction of Jewish monuments. And 

although these horrors would be dwarfed by the terror of the Holocaust, and, thus, to some extent 

are forgotten, they ranked at the time among the worst catastrophes of Jewish history. Estimates 

put the Jewish death count at 35,000, with over 100,000 left homeless. 

II.2 First Independent Communist Periods (1917-1939) 15 

After 1917, Jews began to move in large numbers from small villages to big towns and cities, in 

part because of the numerous pogroms in small towns during the Civil War when Jews suffered 

from requisitions, robbery, and violence. From 1919 to 1921, violence against Jews occurred in 

more than 350 localities. A result was that the Jewish population of large cities such as Kyiv, 

Mykolaiv, Kharkiv, Donetsk, and Odesa increased significantly. 

After a short period of Ukrainian independence, the western third of present-day Ukraine, 

including the city of Lviv, became part of the re-established Poland, while the eastern part fell 

15 On this period see particularly Nora Levin, The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917: Paradox of Survival, 2 vols. 

(New York and London: New York University Press, 1988). 

16

under Soviet rule. 16 The partition left more than 1.5 million Jews in what would become the 

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. By the late 1920s, the Soviet regime began to end all 

autonomous Jewish communal activities. This was accompanied by a policy of confiscation of 

synagogues, converting them into sport halls, factories, and other facilities. 

During the early Soviet period, Ukraine (together with Belarus) became a center of Yiddish 

culture, albeit devoid of any religious content. Yiddish schools, theaters, newspapers and 

publishing houses were established, as was the "Institute of Jewish Proletarian Culture in the 

Ukraine" attached to the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. During this time Jewish ethnographic 

collections were expanded, and these collections – preserved from the destruction of the 

Holocaust – form the core of many state Judaica collections today. 17 Toward the end of the 

1930s, during the Stalinist purges, nearly all of these institutions were eliminated. During this 

time, religious and Zionist activity was forced underground. By the late 1930s, after a thorough 

crackdown, most of those involved in propagating religious observance or Zionism had been 

arrested. 

In the 1930s, as part of the economic and social politics of the Soviet Union, Soviet authorities 

established four Jewish autonomous districts in the southern part of Ukraine and in the Crimea. 

Large collective farms (called kolkhoz) were established, the members of which were mostly 

Jews. So, in such places, new Jewish cemeteries were established. These settlements lasted until 

the Second World War, when German forces occupied them and murdered their inhabitants. 18 

II.3 Holocaust (1939-1945) 

During the war, nearly all of Ukraine was occupied by invading German armies. Of the 

approximately two million Jews who lived within the boundaries of modern Ukraine in 1939, it 

is estimated that 1.4 million were killed in the Holocaust. Hundreds of historic communities, 

especially in western Ukraine, were completely destroyed at the hands of the German invaders. 

Typical of the terrible loss is the fate of the Jewish community of Lviv, which numbered 109,500 

in 1939. Of these, 97,000 were murdered in Lviv or sent to labor and death camps between 

March 1942 and January 1943. Of those deported, only about 150 individuals are believed to 

have survived. Synagogues perished along with the congregations. The gravestones of Lviv’s 

Old Jewish Cemetery were uprooted and removed, never to be retrieved. 

II.4 Soviet Era, Post-Holocaust (1945-1990) 

At the end of the Second World War, the boundaries of the Soviet Union and Ukraine were 

moved west to the line of Ukraine’s present border. After the war, Jews returning to their homes 

were often met with hostility. The repression of Jewish cultural and spiritual life was severe. 

Kyiv became a center for anti-Semitic activity. The suppression of Jewish religious study and 

use of the Hebrew language continued, as well as a renewed wave of nationalization of Jewish 

16 On this period see Ben-Cion Pinchuk, Shtetl Jews under Soviet Rule: Eastern Poland on the Eve of the Holocaust 

(Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990). 

17 See Tracing An-Sky: Jewish Collections from the State Ethnographic Museum in St. Petersburg. (Amsterdam and 

St. Petersburg: Zwolle, 1992). 

18 On the movement to settle Jews “on the land” see Gittleman, op.cit., A Century of Ambivalence, 142 ff. 

17

communal property, the elimination through murder and deportation of the Jewish leadership, the 

closing of all schools using the Yiddish language and, finally, a fervid anti-Zionist campaign. 

Many Jews, in the face of such organized repression, emigrated to Israel and the United States 

when able to do so. 

As part of these policies, Jewish history in Ukraine was ignored and even denied. Jewish sites 

were neglected and even misidentified. Jewish suffering in the Holocaust was subsumed into the 

general outrages of the “Hitlerian War” or the “War Against Fascism” during which millions of 

Soviet citizens had died. 

II.5 Modern Era (1990-2003) 

In 1991, Ukraine again became an independent nation. The first president after independence, 

Leonid Kravchuk, though a former Communist, was democratically elected and reportedly 

received the support of the majority of the Jewish population. The collapse of Communism and 

the re-creation of an independent Ukraine have set the stage for the revitalization of Jewish life. 

Over the past decade, the new Ukrainian government has evidenced some sensitivity to the needs 

of Ukrainian Jewry. 

Still, the precarious economic situation has been a decisive factor in the continued emigration of 

Ukrainian Jews. Throughout much of the 1990s, as many as 50,000 Jews a year left. This 

emigration has had dire effects upon the state of Jewish communal properties. Large-scale 

emigration from smaller communities has left many sites entirely untended, or insufficiently 

maintained – this just at a time when new laws provided the basis for Jewish communities to take 

charge of many aspects of their historic and religious heritage. For example, the Jewish 

population in the once-important community of Berdychiv has dropped from an estimated 

14,000 at the time of independence to a less than 800 today – leaving the Jewish community in 

the town with much less means and political influence to protect its enormous cemetery. 

Emigration has taken a toll in another way, too. Many of the country’s Jews best able to assist in 

the recovery, restoration, and maintenance of Jewish sites throughout the country have left the 

country. The reality is that the more steeped in Jewish culture a young and energetic Ukrainian 

Jew is, the greater the likelihood he or she will emigrate. Thus, the foremost researcher of 

Ukrainian synagogues moved to Israel in the mid-1990s, and almost all researchers engaged by 

the Jewish Preservation Committee of Ukraine to work on this survey between 1995 and 1999 

have also emigrated. 

Despite this outflow of talented people, the Jewish community, which has been guaranteed equal 

rights in the country, has been trying to reorganize itself for participation in a democratic society. 

Among its primary tasks are the re-establishment of communal organizations and activities and 

the restitution of communal property seized by the Communists. 

The dedication of a memorial for the victims of Nazi brutality at Babyn Yar, the site of the mass 

murder of the Jews of Kyiv in 1941, marked the beginning of a new era in Ukrainian Jewry. Its 

trend continues – new Jewish schools have opened throughout the country, giving hope for a 

Jewish future, and more and more memorials have been erected, recognizing obligations to 

remember the past. The two sides of this equation are easily visible in the central Ukrainian city 

of Zhytomyr, where the local rabbi, relocated from Israel, has reinvigorated the Jewish 

18

community and established a very active school, as well as other education and social programs. 

Beginning in May 2000, town officials joined with the Jewish community to erect and dedicate, 

several new Holocaust memorials on the sites of brutal massacres and mass burials of Jews on 

the edge of town (figures 2, 3). 

The Jewish community in Ukraine is made up of many different religious and cultural groups. 

The leading organizations for Jewish culture are the Associations of Jewish Organizations and 

Communities of Ukraine and the Jewish Council of Ukraine. Together with Union of Jewish 

Religious Organizations of Ukraine and the Kyiv Municipal Jewish Community these four 

organizations founded, in 1998, the Jewish Confederation of Ukraine, to be an umbrella 

organization for promoting of all aspects of Jewish life in Ukraine. Nevertheless, there are splits 

and disagreements within the Ukrainian Jewish community involving personality, financial and 

power conflicts. But the community as a whole continues to grow in all areas – religious life, 

social programming, and cultural affairs. Leading international Jewish organizations have also 

established branches in Ukraine. Appendix VI includes the names, addresses, and general areas 

of activities of many of the most active organizations and institutions. 

According to the World Jewish Congress (2004), there are 75 Jewish schools in the country in 

some 45 cities, among them 10 day schools and 65 Sunday schools (other sources may give 

different numbers, but mostly in the same general range). The International Solomon University, 

founded in 1993 offers Judaic studies at its branches in Kyiv and Kharkiv, enrolling about 150 

students. Courses in Hebrew are also offered in many other places, and there are many outlets 

for those who wish to express their artistic creativity. Much of the Israel-oriented activity is 

directed by the Jewish Agency for Immigration. Several Jewish newspapers and journals are 

published, including the Kyiv-based Hadashot, there is also a weekly TV program called 

“Yahad” on state television. 

Several laws and decrees passed over the last ten years have affected the fate of Jewish 

communal properties. Among these, the most important are: a 1991 law concerning the return of 

communal property; a 1994 agreement with the United States on the protection and preservation 

of certain cultural properties; a 1998 decree concerning the inviolability of places of burial of 

human remains, preventing privatization and development of cemetery sites; and a 2003 law on 

burial places. 

19

Fig. 14. Lviv (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Wall and fence of Old Jewish Cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

Fig. 15. Lviv (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Entrance gate to Old Jewish Cemetery, now a marketplace. Photo: Samuel 

Gruber 5/2000 

20

III. 

III.1 

JEWISH SITES IN UKRAINE 

A Legacy of Synagogues and Cemeteries 

In 1924, just six years after the devastation of the First World War, Jewish historian Majer 

Balaban wrote in Lvov (now Lviv), : “We still have time to save our relics but, if we do not do it 

right now, if we do not start this job at once, everything our fathers were for nine centuries will 

perish utterly.” Balaban was also responding to the destruction of Jewish properties, including 

the Great and Suburban Synagogues of Lviv, after the city returned to Polish rule in 1918. 

Balaban and others initiated efforts to record information, including inscriptions on tombstones, 

and to photograph Jewish sites. He was acutely sensitive to the rapidly changing patterns of life 

of traditional Eastern European Jewry. In addition to the rising trend of anti-Semitism within 

Poland, he was also surely aware of the changes already underway in newly communist Russia 

and Ukraine, where many Jewish sites were expropriated as part of Soviet policy. He could not 

foresee, however, that in 20 years the Nazi's “Final Solution” would extirpate the Jews living in 

Poland and much of Ukraine and that the cemeteries would become the only material proof of 

their long inhabitance. 

Balaban and a few other like-minded scholars and contemporary photographers, such as Roman 

Vishniac, saw a world destined to change, if not disappear. 19 Modernism, industrialism, and new 

religious and political movements were all affecting the traditional Jewish world. Even before 

1939, the world that many of the famous Yiddish writers were recording was already history. 

The most exhaustive effort to record Jewish monuments was an inventory of synagogues begun 

in 1923 by the Institute of Polish Architecture of the Polytechnic of Warsaw under 

the direction of Szymon Zajczyk. Zajczyk took thousands of photographs of Polish Judaica and 

synagogues, and prepared detailed descriptions. Because much of modern-day Ukraine was then 

part of Poland, this work encompassed documentation of many Ukrainian sites. 

Architects from the Institute of Polish Architecture took hundreds of accurate measurements of 

synagogues, and copies were made of polychrome decorations. The primary sponsors of the 

project were killed during the Holocaust and much of the material gathered was destroyed when 

the Germans burned the Institute of Architecture in 1944. However, some material was saved, 

and this forms the basis of our information about Polish-Ukrainian synagogues before the 

Holocaust. 

Since the 1950s, Polish architects Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka have worked to identify, 

interpret, and present this material. 20 In the few cases, such as Zhovkva, where conservators are 

19 Some of Roman Vishniac’s many evocative photographs of pre-War Jewish life are easily accessible in Polish 

Jews (New York: Schocken Books, 1947), A Vanished World (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1983) and To 

Give Them Light: the Legacy of Roman Vishniac (New York: Simon & Schuster 1993). 

20 

Maria & Kazimierz Piechotka, Wooden Synagogues (Warsaw: Arkady, 1959) and ibid. Bramy Nieba: Boznice 

Drewniane (The Gates of Heaven: Wooden Synagogues), (Warsaw:Wydawnictwo Budownictwo i Architektura, 

1996). 

21

looking to restore historic synagogues, they are able to look to these photographs for an accurate 

depiction of a building’s pre-War appearance. More often, the photos taken by Zajczyk and his 

team stand in as surrogates for the buildings themselves. 21 

In an article written in 1933, Zajczyk was still able to write “the historical material of Poland in 

this field is, in comparison to the rest of Eastern and Central Europe, unusually rich and 

interesting. It has the important property of supplying us with a collection of the historically 

valuable structures without any interruption in time. From the late Middle Ages to the most 

recent times, we can trace in Poland the development of types of synagogues.” 

Until 1939, this legacy was, for the most part, protected and maintained by the Jews through a 

variety of communal organizations and through a system of personal involvement and 

accountability. According to historian David Davidovitch, one of the first to attempt 

documentation of the artistic and architectural heritage destroyed during the Holocaust: 

Among the factors causing reverence for objective artistic values which helped preserve 

important artistic monuments, first and foremost were the religious, national, and cultural 

freedom and the latitude permitted Polish Jewry in economic affairs up till about the middle of 

the 17th century. Polish Jewry did not suffer the pogroms and persecution to the same extent as 

Jewish communities in the West, where numerous communities were annihilated and their art 

destroyed. The veneration felt by the Jews for their ancient monuments was expressed in the 

outstanding care they took of their artistic possessions, restoring and embellishing them when 

nature and pogroms had taken their toll. On the other hand it was expressed in the development 

of their ancient tradition, the rich literature and folklore which had been woven around the 

monuments by numerous generations. All this provided a constructive factor of reverence which 

resulted in the preservation of many historical monuments. 22 

The Holocaust turned upside down the world which Balaban, Zajczyk, and others had studied. 

All the wooden synagogues were destroyed except some modest small-town synagogues that 

survived because their size and form did not differ from neighboring homes. The loss of 

masonry synagogues was also extensive. Even when the buildings themselves survived, they are 

now ruins or have been rebuilt with their original form and function drastically changed. Many 

have been devastated, and almost all have lost their interior furniture and fittings. 23 

In the wake of this destruction, the exact number and overall condition of Jewish historic 

monuments in Ukraine remained unknown for a half-century. One of the primary goals of the 

project was to identify sites and assess their condition while especially compiling a master 

inventory of Jewish cemeteries and mass graves throughout the region. The result of this survey 

is information based on site visits to over 1,300 Jewish sites, and selected information on 

additional sites gleaned from other sources. It is believed that several hundred more Jewish 

burial grounds and mass graves exist within the present-day boundaries of Ukraine. 

21 Photos of pre-war Polish and Ukrainian synagogues can also be seen in George Loukomski, Jewish Art in 

European Synagogues from the Middle Ages to the Eighteenth Century (London: Hutchinson & Co. Ltd., 1947), 

though these are occasionally mislabeled and the accompanying text is not entirely reliable. 

22 David Davidovitch, Synagogues in Poland and Their Destruction (Jerusalem: Mosad Harav Kook and Yad 

Vashem, 1960), 6. 

23 Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka have been generous in sharing their findings. 

22

The historical circumstances surrounding the founding of Ukrainian Jewish cemeteries varies 

greatly – especially between west and east, and between essentially small rural communities 

(shtetls) and larger cities. Cemetery locations and types are often a result of the historical 

circumstances of the creation of the particular cemetery. Cemeteries founded under Polish rule 

in the 17 th and 18 th century differ from those established under Russian rule in the 19 th century. 

In many ways, the varied survival pattern and current condition of Ukrainian cemeteries reflects 

these historical trends. 

Portions of the cemeteries, especially those in larger cities where a sizable Jewish community 

remains to tend to them, are in relatively good condition. In these cities, the newest Jewish 

cemeteries are often adjacent to non-Jewish cemeteries, as part of a municipal cemetery 

complex. But even in these cases, encroachments by non-Jewish burials jeopardize the security 

of individual burials and the sanctity (as defined by Jewish law) of the cemetery as a whole. The 

greatest danger is in the western part of Ukraine, the region that was under Polish control 

between the wars and was completely occupied by the German army. In that region, where 

many historic communities no longer exist, the cemeteries remain unprotected and at great risk. 

For the most part, the oldest Jewish cemeteries are in this part of the country – in Podillia and 

Volyn, the heartland of Jewish settlement from the 16 th through 19 th centuries, and the center of 

Hasidism. 

Even in areas far from the Pale of Settlement, however, such as in the Donetska oblast, there are 

many Jewish sites. Here, Jews settled at the end of the 19 th and beginning of the 20 th centuries in 

agricultural colonies. 

When large Jewish cemeteries do exist essentially intact, however, there are serious threats. For 

example, in the New Jewish Cemetery in Lviv, which covers many acres, there has been gradual 

encroachment of non-Jewish burials onto the site – often at the expense of existing older Jewish 

graves. A visit to the cemetery in May 2000 revealed many relatively recent Christian burials, 

complete with crosses, sometimes with an image of the body of Jesus Christ (figure 19). While 

many of these new Christian burials date to the 1980s, still others are from the 1990s. The 

pattern seems to be that older graves are broken and neglected, and, when not tended for some 

time, they (or at least their markers) are removed and the plot is reused. The reasons for this are 

uncertain. Convenience may be a factor, but so may be the deceased’s association with Judaism 

– perhaps through a parent or a spouse. 

Throughout the country, lavishly carved tombstones – among the finest examples of Jewish folk 

art – have been identified from as far back as the 16 th century (figures 45, 46, 48, 50). These, 

however, are seriously suffering the effects of time. Over the past half century, many of these 

precious stones have been lost – their memory is preserved only in older photographs. An 

important source for information about these lost stones is in the systematic documentation 

carried out for many decades by ethnographer and photographer David Goberman. 24 

24 Two collections of Goberman’s photographs have been published. These are: Jewish Gravestones in Ukraine and 

Moldova (Moscow: Image Publishing House, 1993) and Carved Memories: Heritage in Stone from the Russian 

Jewish Pale (New York: Rizzoli, 2000). 

23

Of great concern is the continuing problem of looting of tombstones, dumping of waste on 

cemetery grounds, and development of cemetery sites for other uses. Throughout the period of 

Communist rule, as well as during the years of the Nazi occupation, large numbers of cemeteries 

were desecrated and built over with housing complexes, factories, and other structures. While 

there are now government assurances that such desecrations have stopped, there has been little 

significant action on the part of national or local authorities to reverse earlier destructive 

practices. While areas of historic cemeteries where gravestones are still visible are, for the most 

part, safe from new encroachment, other areas of those same cemeteries, where stones have been 

removed or buried, continue to be at risk. Other sites where all stones have been removed are 

even more endangered, since local authorities, and local private individuals are not easily 

convinced of the historical accuracy of claims about the essence of these places, and about their 

sanctity. To remedy this situation, research, mapping and often legal action is required to 

reestablish recognition of historic boundaries. A recent affirmation of the historic boundaries of 

the cemetery in Brody (Lviv oblast) is a victory of patience and tenacity. Part of the Brody 

cemetery has been fenced in recent years; now the rest can be fenced, too. 

In March 2000, the Ukrainian Ministry of Culture agreed to assist the Ukrainian Cemeteries 

Preservation Society of Brooklyn to establish the proper boundaries of the Yampil (formerly 

Yampeli) cemetery, where the noted rabbi, Yechil Mechal, is buried, using archaeological survey 

methods and assisted by the noted University of Kamjanets-Podilskyj. 

In Rozdil (Lvivska oblast), the large cemetery has been fenced in, but the hilly area has quite a 

few stones that are broken, face down, and otherwise illegible. According to the mayor, the 

Nazis did all the destruction. One man had taken stones to line his basement but died the 

following day, so no one else tried it. 25 Many stories of this sort are associated with Jewish 

cemeteries throughout the country. 

Often it is only with the erection of new fences, as has been done at several older cemeteries in 

the Lviv and Ternopil oblasts, including Belz (figure 34), Olesko (figure 35), and Sasiv, that 

respect is established for these holy sites. Fencing itself has its problems, however. At the 

cemeteries of Ternopil and Komarno, where not all of the historic burial areas are included 

within the fenced areas, it became even more difficult to regain those portions excluded. 

In some cases, the cemeteries and graves of famous rabbis and Tsaddikim have been protected. 

The cemeteries of Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska oblast), Uman 

(Cherkasska oblast), Sasiv and Komarno (both in Lvivska oblast) are such examples. Many 

Jewish cemeteries in Ukraine, however, remain uncared for and deteriorate. 

25 Story told to the author by a descendant who visited the site in May 2000. 

24

Fig. 16. Lviv (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Market on site of Old Jewish Cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

Fig. 17. Lviv (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Market on site of Old Jewish Cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

25

Fig. 18. Lviv (Lvivska), Ukraine. New Jewish Cemetery. Typical post-war graves. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

Fig. 19. (Lvivska), Ukraine. New Jewish Cemetery. Recent encroachment of Christian burials. Photo: Samuel 

Gruber 5/2000 

26

III.2 

Synagogues and Other Religious Buildings 

In the area of Galicia, which now straddles Eastern Poland and Western Ukraine, a new type of 

masonry synagogue was developed beginning in the 1500s. This popular design included four 

central pillars which helped divide the sanctuary space into nine bays. The earliest synagogue of 

this type, built in the late 16 th century, had the smallest bay in the center, in order to emphasize 

the bimah (platform from which the Torah is read). 

It is widely believed that the Maharshal synagogue in Lublin, Poland (now destroyed) was the 

first synagogue to incorporate the bimah into an architecturally prominent central bay. This 

design, sometimes called the “bimah-support plan” because the surrounding columns or piers of 

the bimah bay actually help support the ceiling vault, became widespread in the masonry 

synagogue architecture of central Europe in the 17 th and 18 th centuries. Many of the most 

distinctive surviving Ukrainian synagogues are of this type. Perhaps the earliest synagogue of 

this type in present-day Ukraine was at Sharhorod. Other examples include Brody (figs. 8, 9), 

Sataniv, and Zhovkva (figs. 42, 43, 44). 

In the 1620s, a variant of this type of synagogue appeared in Lviv and then Ostroh – having nine 

equal bays. Architectural historian Sergei Kravtsov has linked this development with the 

publication of illustrations of the Jerusalem temple by the Jesuit Juan Bautista Villalpando, 

published as part of a commentary on the Book of Ezekial in 1604. Kravtsov traces the influence 

of this work in the Suburban Synagogue in Lviv and in the synagogue of Ostroh. 26 

Other types of synagogues also developed, including a transitional type of hall synagogue in the 

15 th century. This type, exemplified by the Golden Rose synagogue in Lviv (now a ruin) had no 

interior supports. It was similar to the small Remu synagogue still extant in Krakow (Poland). 27 

Another synagogue building tradition throughout much of what is now western Ukraine 

produced a large number of wooden synagogues. These intricately designed and constructed, 

richly decorated buildings exemplified many artistic and architectural elements unique to the 

Jewish experience. 

“These synagogues were often characterized by: an elaborate, high, multi-tiered roof; a wide, 

domed interior with hidden sources of light; and richly colored figurative decoration that drew on 

the iconography of Jewish folk and midrashic traditions.” 28 An itinerant school of Jewish 

painters, some of whose names we know, helped decorate many of these synagogues. Yehuda 

Leib, Dawid Friedlander, Eliezer Zussman of Brody, and Hayyim ben Yitshak of Slutsk were 

masters of the Jewish genre – but their work, for the most part, survives only in shadowy 

reproductions. 29 

26 As reported by Anthony Rudolf in “Defining Jewish Architecture,” an interview with Sergei Kravtsov in The 

Jewish Quarterly (Autumn 1995), 60-62. 

27 For a detailed description of this synagogue and Lviv’s Suburban Synagogue, see Krinsky, op. cit., 212-217. 

28 Gershon David Hundert in Goberman, op. cit. (2000), 37. 

29 On these painters, see Ignacy Schiper, “Malarstwo Zydowskie (1650-1795),” Zydzi w Polsce odrodzonej, ed. I 

Schiper et al (Warsaw, n.d.); and Jozef Sandel, Yidishe motivn in der poylisher kunst (Warsaw, 1954). 

27

The wooden synagogues of Poland (including much of Ukraine) remain for many scholars and 

architects the high point of synagogue architecture. These splendid buildings, however, were 

almost entirely destroyed during this century, mostly by German troops during the Second World 

War. They are known today mostly through photographs and measurements made in the 

interwar period by Polish architects led by Szymon Zajczyk, who did not survive the war. Many 

of these lost buildings were subsequently reconstructed on paper by the Polish architects Maria 

and Kazimierz Piechotka, whose drawings continue to influence synagogue designers today. 30 

Only one wooden synagogue is known to survive in Ukraine today, and this a simple building of 

relatively late date recently documented by the Center for Jewish Art. Located in the small town 

of Skhidnytsia (about 30 km from Drohobych), it was built in the late 19 th century and used until 

the Second World War. Now used as a sewing factory, it is one story tall and has external signs 

of what was once a women’s gallery. In the tradition of the earlier wooden synagogues, the 

building had a high roof and twelve windows. 31 

In the late 19 th century and early 20 th century, a large number of masonry synagogues were built 

in cities throughout Ukraine. These were often three-aisle basilicas, with a theatrical-style 

seating arrangement where the congregants face the Ark located at the far end of the sanctuary, 

which is usually substantially longer than it is wide. Elevated galleries along three sides of the 

sanctuary served as seating for women, who were encouraged during this period to participate in 

synagogue activities. These synagogues include the majority of those in use today, and of those 

returned to Jewish communities. Some of these structures, such as the enormous synagogue in 

Drohobych, were already overly large at the time of their construction, and they far exceed the 

needs of any community today. Elsewhere, however, the synagogues of this period, such as 

Brodsky Synagogue and the synagogue at 29 Shchekavytska Street in the Podil District in Kyiv, 

admirably serve the needs of substantial congregations. For the most part, these structures were 

decorated in an eclectic manner, deriving decorative patterns from historical styles, particularly 

the Romanesque, but adapting them in new fanciful ways reminiscent of some of the commercial 

buildings of Eastern Europe in the late 19 th century. 

An exception to this trend can be found in a group of late 19 th century synagogues designed in a 

more pronounced Moorish style, reflective of popular trends in Central Europe in the third 

quarter of the 19 th century. The style began in Dresden, where architect Gottfried Semper 

employed a rich combination of decorative forms inspired from medieval Spanish sources – 

especially the Islamic decorations from the Alhambra at Granada – in the interior of the new 

synagogue. While the Alhambra was hardly an appropriate Jewish provenance, neither was it 

Christian in origin. Better, it recalled the “Golden Age” of Jews under Islamic Spanish rule. 

Semper’s attempt to identify and create a new Jewish style resonated. Over the next halfcentury, 

this new Spanish or “Moorish” style became increasingly prominent in synagogue 

design and decoration. It quickly migrated from the interior, as at Dresden, to synagogue 

exteriors, as in Vienna, Budapest, Berlin, Zagreb, and elsewhere. The Moorish style was widely 

30 

See Maria & Kazimierz Piechotka, Wooden Synagogues (Warsaw: Krupski i S-ka, 1959) and a new edition, 

Bramy Nieba: Boznice Drewniane (Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Budownictwo i Architektura, 1996). For a discussion 

of the decorative programs of some of the wooden synagogue of Ukraine, see ibid, “Polichromie Polskich Boznic 

Drewnianych” in Polska Sztuka Ludowa, XLIII:1-2 (1989), 65-87, and Thomas Hubka, “Jewish Art and 

Architecture in the East European Context: The Gwozdziec-Chodorow Group of Wooden Synagogues,” Polin 

(Volume 10, 1997). 

31 “In Search of Jewish Art in Western Ukraine,” Newsletter of the Center for Jewish Art, 14 (1998), 9. 

28

ecognized as a Jewish style by the late 19 th century. In present-day Ukraine, the most effusive 

example of the Moorish style can be seen in the 1904 synagogue at Uzhhorod. As part of 

Austro-Hungary until 1920, it reflects the cultural and architectural trends that emanated from 

Vienna and Budapest. The synagogue was under restoration in the mid 1990s. 32 

III.3 

Other Jewish Communal and Cultural Sites 

Throughout Ukraine, hundreds of other buildings and sites associated with the Jewish past can be 

found. These include former school buildings, hospitals, old age homes, theaters, and 

residential, commercial, and industrial buildings that were owned or used by Jews. The 

inventory and description of these sites has not been part of this survey. Other efforts, however, 

especially those of the World Jewish Restitution Organization (WJRO), have attempted to 

compile lists of former Jewish properties and cultural resources. 

It would be a formidable task to compile a complete inventory of all types of buildings and sites 

associated with Jewish culture and history. In many communities, the situation is similar to that 

of Kyiv. There wealthy Jewish businessmen were responsible for the erection of scores of 

buildings not associated with Jewish religious practice. In Kyiv, in addition to the Brodsky 

Synagogue, Lazar Brodsky and other wealthy Jews financed the erection of the Besarbka Market 

– the first covered market place in Kyiv. They also financed the construction of the Kyiv 

Polytechnic Institute, the Solovtzov Theater, and the Troitskyj House and helped to finance the 

sewer system and the electric tram system. 33 

Throughout Ukraine, historical development of shtetls essentially stopped due to state efforts of 

unification and standardization of small towns. This process began in the first years of 

Communist rule. The social, political, and economic movement caused the virtually complete 

annihilation of the unique architectural and urban characteristics of Jewish settlements. 

Some towns, however, still have distinct districts of older buildings that recall the specifics of 

Jewish settlements. For example, Sharhorod, Stara Ushytsia, Bershad, Murafa (Pishchanka), and 

Tulchyn still conserve some aspects of their earlier appearance. 

Some scholars, such as Alla Sokilova, have been studying the architecture of these settlements. 

There are no specific efforts, however, to preserve the physical traces of this vanished past. 

32 On the history of Uzhhorod (Hungarian: Ungvar) see Encyclopaedia Judaica, vol. 16, 41-42. For photos of the 

synagogue see Miriam Weiner, Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival 

Inventories (New York: YIVO and Routes to Roots Foundation, 1999), 250-53. 

33 These buildings are illustrated on-line at http://www.mindspring.com/~snake76/frames/babi_yar.html. 

29

Fig. 20. Ostroh (Rivnenska oblast), Ukraine. Synagogue. Photo: Eleonora Bergman 6/1995 

Fig. 21. Rivne (Rivnenska oblast), Ukraine. Former synagogue, now Jewish Cultural Center. Photo: Jonathan 

Finley 2/1996 

30

III.4. 

III.4 (a) 

Jewish Cemeteries in Ukraine 

History and Description of Jewish Cemeteries 

In Hebrew, a cemetery is called bet kevarot - the house or place of graves (Neh. 2:3), but more 

commonly bet Hayym - the house or garden of life, or bet olam - the house of eternity (Eccl. 

12:5). 

According to Jewish law a cemetery is a holy place more sacred even than a synagogue. Strict 

laws regarding burial and mourning govern Jewish practice, and the erection of a mazzevah 

(gravestone) or monument has become the norm. 

For Jews, the care of cemeteries is an essential religious and social responsibility. The Talmudic 

saying “Jewish gravestones are fairer than royal palaces” (Sanh. 96b; cf. Matt. 23:29) reflects the 

care that should be given to Jewish graves and cemeteries. In normal circumstances, the entire 

Jewish community shares the protection and repair of cemeteries willingly. 34 

The principal difference between Jewish and Christian cemeteries arises from the traditional 

Jewish principle concerning the sanctity of graves. In Jewish practice, the remains of a body 

must forever remain in the place where the body was buried (exhumation is prohibited by Jewish 

law). In Christian cemeteries of all denominations, graves may be opened after several decades, 

or, in some cases, several years, and another deceased may be buried in the grave. By contrast, 

remains in Jewish cemeteries are never disturbed. 

The practice of collecting the bones of deceased from graves and depositing them in ossuaries, 

common in many Christian communities, is, with rare exceptions, forbidden under Jewish law. 

Only with rabbinic supervision given under extreme circumstances, such as the gathering of 

Jewish remains from unconsecrated ground (i.e. a murder or mass burial site) and removal to a 

Jewish cemetery, is the disturbance of any Jewish grave allowed. The venerable chief rabbi of 

Pozsony (today Bratislava, Slovakia), Moses Schreiber (known as the Hatam Sofer) wrote that 

bodies could be exhumed from temporary cemeteries (such as mass graves) unless those grounds 

were given to the community and surrounded with a wall, thus becoming permanent sanctified 

cemeteries. Whenever given the chance, bodies should be put to a final resting place, and it is a 

merit to fulfill this religious obligation (Hatam Sofer 334). 35 This is one basis for the removal 

and reburial of some Holocaust victims. 

Before the Holocaust, Jewish cemeteries belonged to and were maintained by individual Jewish 

communities. Even at the height of Jewish emigration to America and elsewhere, some 

community members usually stayed behind. They ensured care for the graves of the dead. 

Jewish religious law stipulates that cemeteries be carefully delimited. Walls and fences were 

sometimes erected to prevent the desecration of cemetery grounds and also to prevent the 

34 See “Cemetery,” Encyclopaedia Judaica, vol. 5, (Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, 1972), 271-75. 

35 On this issue, see “Responsum 13: On the Status of the Mass Graves and Execution Sites,” by R. himon Efrati of 

Bendery and Warsaw (published 1961), especially note 25 in Robert Kirschner, Rabbinic Response of the Holocaust 

Era (New York: Schocken Books, 1985), 148-64. 

31

inadvertent defilement of some religious Jews, who could only come in contact with the dead 

under certain conditions. 

The Holocaust, however, destroyed this situation. Living communities were entirely destroyed, 

so no one remained to tend to the dead. Walls were broken, boundaries overgrown, and 

gravestones were stolen. Cemeteries were neglected so that they often became one with the 

surrounding fields and woods. The existence of the cemeteries was often forgotten, and, 

sometimes, denied. 

Under Soviet law, however, any cemetery not used for twenty-five years was considered 

abandoned. It could be destroyed or reused in any fashion. Thus, Jewish remains were moved, or 

were lost entirely. This law, as much as any other single reason, has stymied efforts over the 

years to protect historic Jewish burial grounds. This problem was addressed by an executive 

decree in 1998 and a law in 2003. 

The actual appearance and form of Jewish cemeteries in Ukraine are the result of a centuries-old 

development that began with the migration of Jews from Western Europe, tempered by contact 

with local non-Jewish traditions. In turn, all Ukrainian cemeteries have been, since the late 19 th 

century, impacted by new technologies, including those that allow increased availability of 

varied stones. Popular trends, such as the inclusion of images of the deceased upon the 

gravestone, are also due to the widespread introduction and acceptance of photography. 

The oldest and largest cemeteries are located in western Ukraine in the territories of Volyn and 

Podillia, and these most resemble the cemeteries found in Poland. 36 In areas that were formerly 

part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Jewish cemeteries frequently resemble those still found in 

Hungary and Slovakia. 

As a rule, Jewish cemeteries were situated on elevated sites near settlements or on the slopes of 

hills. This was usually because Jews were granted permission to locate cemeteries on land 

unsuited for agricultural use, or because Jews chose this land as it was often the most available. 

Other factors, such as better drainage and less likelihood of flooding also affected cemetery 

location selection. 

For the most part, Jewish cemeteries were located outside of settled areas, unlike Christian 

cemeteries, which until the 19 th century were often within city boundaries, particularly in 

churchyards. Expansion of populated centers, however, especially during the rapid urbanization 

of the 19 th century, frequently brought cemeteries within city urban areas. 

Many of these cemeteries were already at risk before the Holocaust due to the need for land. 

Some were seized before the Second World War, and many were “liquidated” subsequently. 

Individual gravesites are situated in rows, though in older cemeteries this arrangement is often 

hard to reconstruct due to the loss of many stones, and the tilting and toppling of others. The 

inscribed fronts of monuments were mostly turned to the east, in the direction of Jerusalem. 

36 On the history, form, and devastation of Polish cemeteries, see Monika Krajewska, Time of Stones (Warsaw: 

Interpress, 1983); and Samuel Gruber and Phyllis Myers, Survey of Historic Jewish Sites in Poland (New York: 

World Monuments Fund, second edition 1995). 

32

Sometimes, however, other orientation may be found even within one cemetery. In Orthodox 

cemeteries, Kohanim (descendants of Temple priests), women, children, and other social groups 

are often buried in separate sections, though, again, this is often hard to discern due to the 

deteriorated conditions of most of the older cemeteries. Older Jewish cemeteries were more 

likely to be surrounded by a shallow ditch and embankment on which trees or bushes were 

planted. Wooden or stone fences with gates were sometimes used. 

Walls and fences, became more common, however, in the 19 th century. This was probably 

because of the greater availability of industrially manufactured building supplies and a more 

conscious sense of decorum present in Jewish communities. Security, too, became an issue, as 

city centers impinged upon cemetery areas. Walls served to designate legal boundaries that 

could more effectively resist encroachment. 

As a cemetery filled up, the community would attempt to purchase adjoining plots of land to add 

to the cemetery, enclosing it in the same way as the previous plot. Sometimes such actions took 

place several times over the course of the existence of the town’s Jewish community. In such 

cases, study of the cemetery topography can help define the approximate date and other 

characteristics of cemetery parts. Sometimes, when a cemetery had filled up and there were no 

adjoining plots of land available for purchase, the community bought land in another place. 

Thus, many Jewish towns have two or more cemeteries. 

Very often on the territory of the cemetery there were sepulchers, different funeral buildings, and 

lodges where cemetery equipment, burial service articles, and ritual accessories were kept. The 

graves of prominent and especially revered rabbis and sages were often covered with a small 

building (ohel) of brick or stone to protect them and to offer shelter to pilgrims who often 

attended the graves. Cemeteries were in the care of Jewish Hevra Kadisha societies that took 

care of each cemetery. The building where the bodies were prepared for burial, frequently found 

at the entrance to the cemeteries, are commonly known by the name Hevra Kadisha, after the 

society that maintained them. 

In Ukraine, as a rule, all matters concerning purchases or titles to land were in the jurisdiction of 

local town authorities. Sometimes, however, especially when disputed claims occurred, the 

decision was made by the Department of Other Faiths of the Synod of the Russian Empire. 

Archives pertaining to the legal aspects of land purchases are still to be found in the records of 

local municipalities. 

Since the 19 th century, in many cemeteries, especially in larger urban centers, the mortuary 

(Hevra Kadisha) often served as a ceremonial hall where the bereaved gathered before the burial. 

It was sometimes used as a shed for the funeral coach. It also housed other facilities needed for 

the maintenance of the cemetery. 

Among the various types of Jewish burial grounds are Jewish war veterans’ cemeteries, such as 

the one in Sevastopol. 

33

III.4 (b) 

Types of Gravestones and Other Cemetery Features 

Historic Jewish tombstones are conspicuous in decoration and symbols. The decoration (simple 

plant motifs and other decorative elements) has developed since the Middle Ages. It has been 

influenced by the various styles in art, often reflecting different regional and local characteristics, 

the tradition of individual stone-cutters, and the type of stone used. Relief images, situated in the 

upper part of the gravestone, are often symbols describing the descendants of a specific, ancient 

Hebrew family or tribe. Symbols of a trade or profession or animals denoting family names are 

also used. 

Monuments, depending of the date of burial, were decorated by bas-reliefs and texts of embossed 

or cutout letters. Images and texts on the monuments were often painted in colors, as many as 

five on one monument. Each region had its own artistic traditions that reflected folk, symbolic, 

and religious traditions of local Jewish communities. 

The inscriptions on the gravestones (epigraphs) were in Hebrew from the Middle Ages through 

the 19 th century, but by the mid-19 th century bilingual inscriptions – Hebrew and German – 

began to appear. Yiddish and Russian inscriptions soon followed. Depending on the area of 

Ukraine, some 20 th century gravestones have inscriptions in German or Russian only, with 

abbreviations of traditional Hebrew formulae. Purely Hebrew inscriptions, however, are still 

used on tombstones of Orthodox Jews. 

Because it takes a long time to carve a tombstone, Jewish law dictates that a year should pass 

before a stone is put in place. This also creates a specific period during which mourning is 

deemed appropriate. When referring then, for example, to “a tombstone from 1770” we mean a 

tombstone dated 1770 (i.e., the date of death) but completed and erected in the cemetery most 

probably the following year, 1771. 

Polonne (Khmelnytska oblast) was an acclaimed center of Hasidic learning between the 17 th and 

19 th centuries, though only two Jewish families live there now. The town had, for instance, the 

first Hasidic publishing house in Eastern Europe. The old cemetery in Polonne still has thirty 

18 th century gravestones, some dating from as early as 1727 and 1730. These tombstones have 

finely carved borders with animal, floral, and architectural motifs. The block script resembles 

the printing styles of the same period. 37 

Some villages, especially in the Transcarpathian region (Zakarpatska oblast), would maintain 

two Jewish cemeteries: one for the Reform rite Jews (the so-called Neolog rite), the other for 

Orthodox Jews. 

37 In addition to the works of David Goberman, already mentioned, there are several studies of Jewish gravestones 

that illustrate the range of epigraphic techniques and symbolic elements employed on traditional Eastern European 

gravestones of the type found throughout much of Ukraine. See: Department of Art History, Hebrew University of 

Jerusalem, Revival: Rubbings of Jewish Gravestones from the Ukraine (Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 

1992); Petr Ehl, Arno Parik and Jiri Fiedler, Old Bohemian and Moravian Cemeteries. (Prague: Paseka, 1991); and 

Monika Krajewska, A Tribe of Stones: Jewish Cemeteries in Poland (Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers, 1993). 

34

In many Orthodox cemeteries, men and women are buried separately, so that even a husband and 

wife are not buried next to each other. In some cemeteries, a special area was reserved for the 

burial of rabbis. Sometimes, there is a special section for children’s graves, usually in rows at 

the edge of the cemetery. 

From the 19 th century on, burial was in rows in the order of death. In some places, exceptions 

were made for family plots, where sometimes, family members could be buried together. 

In accordance with an ancient tradition, Jews bring little stones to place on the graves. 38 The 

more pebbles are on the tomb, the more living is the memory of the deceased. In Ukraine, this 

can be readily seen in the many cemeteries where revered rabbis lie buried. The origin of this 

custom is uncertain, but it probably arose because the custom of decorating graves with flowers 

was strongly opposed by Orthodox rabbis on the basis of the Talmudic rule that “whatever 

belongs to the dead and his grave may not be used for the benefit of the living,” (Shulhan Arukh, 

Yoceh De’ah, 364:1) and because they regarded the custom as an imitation of Christian 

customs. 39 

From the mid-19 th century, the form of Jewish tombstones began more and more to resemble the 

common type of tombstones in surrounding Christian cemeteries. Modern Jewish tombstones 

(with a few exceptions) do not differ from non-Jewish tombstones typologically. Certain types 

of stones, however, such as those with freestanding figures are rare in any Jewish context. 

Jewish monument makers and their patrons preferred obelisks in the 19 th century. During the 

Soviet era, irregularly shaped upright stones, slight trapezoidal, were very common. Many 

Jewish cemeteries in Ukraine also regularly display gravestones with iron decorations or 

lettering, portraits on stones, and metal fences around graves (figures 18, 36). 

38 

The origin of the custom of laying stones has been described as follows: The stone meant protection against wild 

animals in the desert. According to some, the ancient tradition of erecting a stone over graves most likely originated 

in the Near East where in desert areas sand cannot sufficiently protect the corpse. Relatives and friends covered the 

grave with stones, so as to protect the corpse from scavenging animals. It was considered a good deed when 

passers-by put a stone on the grave. Some believe that the Jewish custom of putting a pebble on the grave, instead 

of flowers, derives from this desert tradition. This explanation is supported by a story of the Talmud (Oholot 2,4.). 

39 

Reform and Conservative Judaism do not object to the planting of flowers and shrubs in the cemetery since it is 

done in reverence of the dead. Many cemeteries in Israel permit such decoration and, particularly, in military 

funerals, it has become the custom to put wreaths of flowers on the grave. Other opinion holds that it would be 

offensive for the dead to bring the symbol of life, so one may only bring a dead thing like a pebble. “Give flowers to 

the living, pebbles to the dead” reads the brief explanation in the poem of Austrian poet, Ada Christen, written on a 

visit to the cemetery of Prague, to the tomb of Rabbi Lowe, see Encyclopaedia Judaica, op. Cit., V, 275. 

35

Fig. 22. Zinkiv (Khmelnytska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish Cemetery. Photo: JPCU 7/1995 

Fig. 23. Sharhorod (Vinnytska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish Cemetery. Photo: JPCU 7/1995 

36

IV: 

PRESERVATION EFFORTS AND ISSUES FOR JEWISH 

MONUMENTS IN UKRAINE 

IV.1 The Fate of Jewish Monuments in the Holocaust (1939-1945) 

The destruction of Jewish sites during the early Soviet period set the stage for the massive 

devastation of the Nazi occupation. There was a difference in the scale of destruction, and in the 

emphasis -- for example, the Soviets were more likely to seize useful buildings than cemeteries. 

The Soviet destruction was not intrinsically linked to the singling out for brutality of the Jewish 

population, but part of a wide-ranging policy aimed at eliminating practice of all religions. 

Jews were rounded up in the early days of the German occupation, and, sometimes, murdered 

almost immediately. At other times, Jews were collected in ghettos, where some were put to 

work. Treatment of those kept alive was brutal; the extent of the horrors may not be fully 

understood despite the searing accounts of survivors. The Jewish material culture was not spared 

and some reports of the destruction of monuments emphasize how these acts were part of the 

overall sadistic treatment of Jewish prisoners. A report by Anna Moiseyevna Kalika, a resident 

of the city of Odesa, recalls, “We were forced to go to the Jewish cemetery every day to roll the 

gravestones from one place to another; those who fell behind in this task were shot 

immediately.” 40 

The systematic destruction of physical traces of Jewish culture accompanied the virtual 

extinction of the Jewish communities. Historian Lucy Dawidowicz wrote that the Nazis 

“destroyed irreplaceable cultural treasures and historical documents as recklessly and ruthlessly 

as they murdered people.” 41 Most of the documentary, religious, cultural, architectural, and 

artistic records of the Jewish people in these regions was destroyed and is now lost forever. 

Jewish monuments and cultural sites were targeted. 

In Rudky (Lvivska oblast), it is rumored that the yard of the “Soviet Village” is paved with 

Jewish tombstones. This site is believed to have served as Gestapo headquarters during the 

Second World War. In Orynyn (Chmelnytska oblast), the area behind the “Soviet Village” is 

also paved with Jewish gravestones but it is not known when these were laid. 42 

In city after city, particularly in western Ukraine where many synagogues had remained in use 

during the period of Polish rule, the Nazis destroyed buildings as well as the people who used 

them. For example, of the seven synagogues that existed in Ostroh until 1941, only the 

Maharshal Synagogue was left standing. 43 There are now four solid walls with a seemingly 

intact roof, but there is no accessible entryway. The ceiling on the basement level remains 

virtually intact. It is now used for storage. 

40 Anna Moiseyevna Kalika, Memoirs of a Former Prisoner of a Jewish Ghetto, Translated by Stan Pshonik. See 

http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/polonnoye/pol027.html. 

41 Lucy Davidowicz, The War Against the Jews 1933-1945, (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975). 

42 Information provided by Boris Khaimovitch of the Center for Jewish Art at Hebrew University. 

43 Originally built in 1630 (or 1620s), the Maharshal is named after Talmudic scholar, Solomon Luria (c. 1510 – 

1574), known as “ the Maharshal.” Luria was rabbi and head of the yeshivah in Ostrog from about 1550 to 1570, 

and was recognized as one of the leading rabbis of the age.” 

37

IV.2 

Ukrainian Jewish Sites Under Communism 

Of the more than 200 identified synagogue buildings in modern Ukraine, relatively few are still 

used for Jewish worship and owned by the Jewish communities. Many of the Jewish sites were 

confiscated and either transformed or destroyed during the early decades of Communist rule. 

The trend continued throughout the Communist period. 

Many synagogues were closed in the early years of Soviet rule. According to Nora Levin: 

The first act of the new government, based on the January 23 rd decree that directly affected the 

religious life of Jews, was intended to close and confiscate synagogues. A circular of February 

28, 1919 spelled out circumstances under which prayer houses could be closed: in cases where 

there was a shortage of housing, medical, and sanitation services, or cultural-educational 

institutions; or at the instigation of “the mass of the people.” Confiscation, however, was rare 

until 1921-22, when the antireligious campaign became very intense…In June 1923, the Choral 

synagogue in Kharkiv was confiscated and converted into a Jewish Communist club after an 

extensive propaganda campaign, including a mass petition by “Jewish toilers.” 44 

The first great wave of confiscation of religious properties – Jewish and Christian – ended by 

1927, but, by this time, hundreds of synagogues and churches had been taken over by the state. 

Unlike churches that were often destroyed because they were not easily converted to new uses, 

synagogues were readily transformed. They were frequently used as sports halls or cultural 

centers, as at Kharkiv, since their architectural form was quite adaptable. In their new forms, 

they survived the destruction of the Second World War and the Holocaust in large numbers – 

more than did synagogues that remained open in 1939. 

Hundreds of active synagogues, especially in western Ukraine, were totally destroyed by the 

Nazis and their collaborators. A final purge of synagogues in the early 1960s closed most of 

those that remained. These buildings, too, however, like those closed during the early Soviet 

period, were reused in different ways. In Pryluky (Chernihivska oblast), the synagogue was 

closed by Soviet authorities in 1961. It was being demolished in 1993. Another synagogue from 

that period – the great synagogue of Bila Tserkva (Kyivska oblast) – served from the time of its 

closing in 1960 until 1993 as an agricultural secondary school. 

The Communists seized many synagogues before and after the Second World War. The 

synagogue at Horodenka is used as a sports school. The exterior is in reasonably good condition, 

but an ugly wing was attached. A plaque on the wall informs the visitor in Hebrew, Ukrainian, 

English, and Yiddish that: 

This is the site of the Great Synagogue of the Jewish Community that existed 

from 1742 until 1941. Half of this community of Horodenka and its vicinity were 

taken from here by the Nazis and murdered on Dec. 4, 1941. May the memory of 

the Holocaust Martyrs be blessed forever. 

44 Levin, op. cit., 77 ff., including fuller accounts of other confiscations. 

38

Fig. 24. Chornotysiv, formerly Fekeardo (Zakarpatska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Photo: Abe Magid 

10/1998 

Fig. 25. Kamjanets-Podilskyj (Khmelnytska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Photo: JPCU 7/1995 

39

Fig. 26. Rava-Ruska (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Monument on Jewish cemetery made out of recovered gravestones. 

Photo: Frank B. Jacobowitz 

Fig. 27. Derazhnia (Khmelnytska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Photo: JPCU 7/1995 

40

Unlike in Poland and the Czech Republic, in Ukraine, in recent years, former synagogues have 

not yet been restored as Jewish museums. Some, however, such as those at Husiatyn 

(Ternopilska oblast), Sharhorod (Vinnytska oblast), and Pavoloch (Zhytomyrska oblast) were 

established as museums under Communism. 45 

Cemeteries, on the other hand, were often leveled during Communism; their tombstones 

destroyed for building materials or tossed aside. At the cemetery of Yampil, for example, 

destroyed by the Soviet army in the 1920s, the stones were thrown into the water. Researchers 

for the Center for Jewish Art were fortunate to be present when the water level was low and were 

able to document a few of the stones. They found about 20 stones from the mid-18 th to early 19 th 

century, beautifully decorated with motifs of griffins, birds, bears, and grapes. At the time of the 

collapse of Communism in 1989-1990, many Jewish gravestones were found to have been used 

as foundations for statues of Lenin and in other public projects from the Soviet period. 

Kolomyja provides an example of this. 

Destruction of Jewish sites continued under Communism during the post-war period. The old 

cemetery in Lviv was cleared of gravestones during the Second World War. It was turned into a 

public market area under the Soviets (figures 14-17). The same happened at nearby Zhovkva 

(figures 32, 33) and many other places. The enormous cemetery of Ostroh, however, which 

included five thousand tombstones, some as early as the 15 th century, was not destroyed until 

1976. 

After the Second World War, some Jewish families returned to their homes. The losses, 

however, were irreplaceable, and it was practically impossible to re-create Jewish life in most 

locations. As a result, many of the towns that had been traditional centers of Jewish settlement 

completely lost their Jewish population. Jewish cemeteries remained without appropriate care. 

Gravestones often were broken by vandals or used for building material by local inhabitants and, 

even, state agencies and state-sponsored organizations. The gravestones were used to prepare 

foundations for highway construction, for dams, to face silo pits, etc. The cemetery sites, often 

devoid of stones, became overgrown with shrubs and trees. They were often used to pasture 

cattle. 

Of the 731 cemeteries visited by JPCU researchers as part of this survey: 27% have no stones; 

13% have fewer than 20; 16% have between 21 and 100; 20% have between 101 and 500; 17% 

have between 501 and 5000; and 2% have more than 5,000. The numbers at remaining sites are 

unknown. 

Beginning in the 1970s, the government began an intensive building program of apartment 

houses. Many were built on what was perceived to be, or presented as, empty land. While, 

surely, many knew the histories of these sites, it was not politically safe to speak out. 

Under Soviet law, any burial place not used for twenty-five years was designated as empty land. 

So, even if there were complaints, there was no legal recourse to stop new development on 

45 The synagogue in Husiatyn was reconstructed (in a not very professional way) during the Soviet period. The 

shape of the parapet walls have been changed and simplified, but the building is in a generally good state (1990) and 

has served as a local museum and now as an administrative building. Remains of the stone ark have been preserved. 

41

cemetery sites. Thus, many Jewish cemeteries were destroyed during this period, and thousands 

of Ukrainians now live atop the graves of generations of Jews. 

Cemeteries also became the sites of sport complexes, and more. In some cases, newly-made 

reservoirs and ponds flooded Jewish cemeteries. As for the places of mass execution of Jews, in 

most cases they were not marked by any means or were not marked as Jewish mass burial sites, 

just as sites of “Soviet martyrs.” Only since 1991, have places of mass execution of Jews begun 

to be marked, thanks mostly to financial contributions from foreign individuals. At present, 

there are still too few of these places properly recognized. 

IV.3 

The Care for Jewish Sites in Independent Ukraine 

Since 1991, there has been a gradual recognition of the identity of numerous Jewish sites. Full 

legal recognition of Jewish communal ownership of religious and other buildings, as well as the 

establishment and recognition of the historic boundaries of cemeteries involves, however, 

extensive research and, oftentimes, lengthy litigation. Even then, the final disposition of a 

property may have as much to do with the prestige and power of the current occupant or user as 

to any established legal claim. Thus, in many cities where there are established or newly revived 

Jewish communities, some properties have been returned for Jewish use. Most of these are 

former synagogues in need of costly repairs. 

International Jewish organizations, including the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 

Agudath Israel, and the World Jewish Restitution Organization, have all played a role in this 

property restitution process. Smaller groups have also intervened directly to assist Ukrainian 

Jewish communities bear the cost of renovations. Early in the process, for example, the Jewish 

Community Relations Council of Cincinnati, Ohio (USA) joined the Jewish Community of 

Kharkiv in their efforts to reclaim and restore the synagogue of that city. 46 

IV.3 (a) Cemeteries 

Unlike synagogues, the recovery and restoration of cemeteries has been much slower. The 

reason is that protection of these sites is not an urgent social need, although, it is a pious duty and 

cultural obligation. Main cemeteries in communities that have Jewish inhabitants are being 

nominally maintained. 

The hundreds of cemeteries in more remote areas, especially western Ukraine, where few Jews 

live, remain in sorry condition. Of the 731 cemeteries visited as part of this survey, 60% have no 

wall, fence, or gate. A full 90%, have no sign indicating their presence, intended use, or history. 

For the most part, economic pressures for development remain scant in these small agricultural 

centers, but there is always the risk of theft of stones for construction, or the opening of new 

paths and roads across the grounds of cemeteries without walls or fences. 

As the data collected for this report demonstrates, the majority of Jewish cemeteries and mass 

burial sites in Ukraine are abandoned and neglected. They lack clearly marked boundaries, 

46 For a full description of the process of communal property restitution in Ukraine and other countries of the former 

Soviet Union, as well as of 49 synagogues returned for use by Ukraine’s Jewish communities, in 2004, the Ministry 

of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine published that 55 of 109 listed synagogues had been returned, see Michael Beizer, 

Our Legacy: The CIS Synagogues, Past and Present (Moscow and Jerusalem: Gesharim, 2002). 

42

secure walls or fences, and descriptive or commemorative markers. They are subject to natural 

deterioration, theft, vandalism, and land development. Many have already been encroached upon 

for industrial, agricultural, residential, or recreational use. They remain imperiled by further 

development. 

The state of Jewish cemeteries and mass burial sites has become worse in recent years. The main 

problems are obliteration and vandalism. For example, visitors to the Jewish cemetery in Khust 

(Zakarpatska oblast) were shocked to find over eighty gravestones vandalized – an apparently 

recent act. 47 Not all of the vandalism, however, is the result of any overt anti-Semitic action. It 

is more often due to the removal of gravestones for household needs. 

In most cases, there is no care whatsoever for Jewish cemeteries. Only where there is a Jewish 

community or perhaps several Jewish people in the village (extremely rare cases) is there some 

care for the cemetery or mass burial site. For example, such care is provided in Mohyliv- 

Podilskyj and Bershad (both in the Vinnytska oblast). In the village of Ternivka (also Vinnytska 

oblast), there is only one elderly Jewish resident (Haim Mikhaylovich Stein). Despite his age, he 

takes care of a mass grave where 2,300 people are buried. In Lvivska oblast, where many 

historic cemeteries are located, Meylakh Sheykhet, director of the Lviv-based Union Council of 

Soviet Jews Ukrainian-American Human Rights Bureau, has organized private caretakers for 

many cemeteries. Payment for these services is collected from private international donors. 

In some places, there are enthusiasts who try to keep the memory of Holocaust victims alive. 

For example, in the village of Pochapyntsi (Cherkaska oblast), there is a history teacher (Mikhail 

Teofanovich Lavrega) who has organized local students to search for mass burial sites and take 

care of them. These instances, are the exception to the rule. 

47 Letter from Rabbi Joseph Weber to then Commission Chairman Michael Lewan, March 16, 1998. “On a recent 

trip to visit the gravesite of our grand rabbi’s holy ancestor at the city of Chust, we were shocked to see the 

vandalism that took place there…The local residents …claim that no action was taken, neither by the local police 

nor by city authorities to apprehend the vandals, and no criminal investigation was instituted…” 

43

Fig. 28. Lutsk (Volynska oblast), Ukraine. Former synagogue, now a sports hall. Photo: 1990 

Fig. 29. Dubno (Rivnenska oblast), Ukraine. Synagogue. Photo: Eleonora Bergman 6/1995 

44

Fig. 30. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Half-built garage on periphery of Jewish cemetery – 

construction halted. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

Fig. 31. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Garages built on land believed to be part of Jewish cemetery. 

Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

45

IV.3 (b) 

Legal and Political Initiatives for Cemetery Preservation 

Most efforts at restoring cemeteries, including clearing and fencing, have been substantially 

financed with contributions from abroad – normally from individuals with personal associations 

to the place or from religious groups, including Hasidic groups, that have special reverence for 

the cemetery or for individuals buried there. The Agreement between the Government of the 

United States of America and the Government of Ukraine on the Protection and Preservation of 

Cultural Heritage signed in 1994 has helped individuals and international organizations initiate 

cemetery repair and restoration efforts. The 1998 Government of Ukraine decree and 2003 law 

have given some relief from the fear of development of cemetery sites. 

The result of these efforts is an increasing number of sites throughout Ukraine that receive care. 

The work is always difficult. Obtaining agreement on boundaries, permission for construction, 

and adequate materials can stretch out some projects for years. A body of legal rulings is 

gradually making recognition of cemetery boundaries a little easier, though local authorities 

often still remain reluctant to cede power to the courts and to the national government. Even 

when boundaries are legally established in the courts, local authorities sometimes continue with 

construction plans, such as at Volodymyr-Volynskyj. 

In June 1998, a Ukrainian arbitration court handed down an important decision that will affect 

the future of Jewish cemeteries throughout the country. In a case brought by Meylakh Sheykhet, 

the Arbitration Court of the Ivano-Frankivsk region ruled that the local Jewish community could 

fence the Jewish cemetery in Nadvirna (located in South-Western Ukraine) according to its 

historic boundaries. The decision was based on a protocol signed by Mr. Mykhajlo 

Vyshyvaniuk, the regional appointee of the president of Ukraine. “Buried people should rest in a 

cemetery in peace, regardless of who they are. This is a very important principle in building a 

democratic society,” Mr. Vyshyvaniuk explained. 

This decision will help ensure that the Nadvirna cemetery, where approximately 10,000 Jews are 

buried individually along with a mass grave holding the remains of 6,000 others, will not be 

destroyed. The Nadvirna administration had already constructed sewage lines through the 

cemetery, and plans were being made to build a road on top of it. 

Sheykhet called the ruling, “The first positive decision in Ukraine for the preservation of Jewish 

cemeteries.” 

It remains to be seen if this 1998 decision will set a precedent for similar rulings. Some 

indications are positive: In October 2000, Sheykhet was able to get certification of the 

boundaries of the large cemetery in Brody, something he had sought for several years to achieve. 

After initial resistance, the town mayor has now vowed to support the project to clean and fully 

fence the cemetery based on the incontrovertible evidence of the pre-Second World War 

boundaries. This work is now nearing completion with funds raised by the Commission. 

Another agreement has been reached regarding the cemetery in Strusiv (Ternopilska oblast). 

Rabbi Abraham Heschel, son of the late Grand Rabbi Moshe Mordechai Heschel of Kopychyntsi 

and Grand Rabbi Nochum Dov Brayer, head of the Boyaner Hasidic group, have begun efforts to 

reclaim a cemetery now used as a cow pasture. With the aid of Rabbi Israel Meir Gabbai, they 

have negotiated an agreement with the town’s mayor to allow the erection of a monument and a 

permanent steel fence around the site. Approximately $10,000 was needed for the work. 

46

Elsewhere, agreement is harder to reach. In Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), which was a 

center of Jewish culture until the ravages of World War II, the large cemetery has more than 

5,000 tombstones, some dating from the 18 th century. The cemetery, one of the most important 

in Ukraine, is in a sad state of repair. First, it is so heavily overgrown with trees and shrubs that 

most of the site is impenetrable. Another even more serious problem, however, is the 

encroachment by private development on the edge of the cemetery, where private garages have 

been constructed. 

The cemetery is bounded on the west by a major highway that leads north from the city, on the 

north by another road, and on the south by a railroad right of way. The garages have primarily 

been built on the eastern side of the cemetery. Although the work on the garages has, ostensibly, 

been frozen by the government, more work still goes on according to local sources. The local 

rabbi claims that bones are still being unearthed. In response to this situation, the Commission 

has raised private funds to allow some cleaning of the cemetery, but, perhaps more importantly, 

to support legal research to establish the true boundaries of the site. 

To be preserved, the cemetery needs to be demarcated and fenced. Construction material and 

unfinished garages should be removed. Then, over time, the functioning garages could be 

relocated one-by-one and the cemetery returned to an appropriate state. 

An even more stubborn problem exists in Lviv, where a market now exists on the site of a 

cemetery which dates to the 15 th century. After the removal of the thousands of gravestones 

during the Second World War, Soviet authorities expropriated the cemetery in 1947, and the site 

became used as a marketplace. During construction of the permanent structures for the 

expanding marketplace in 1996, graves were disturbed and bones unearthed. Despite an 

agreement to freeze the construction in October 1996, the market was completed (figures 14-17). 

The Union of Councils for Jews in the Former Soviet Union, as well as, other Jewish groups 

from around the world have been involved in an ongoing campaign to return the property to the 

Jewish community. The Commission has also pressed for a solution. 

Proposals to move the market to another site have been recognized by local authorities as valid, 

but no action has been taken, and the market continues to expand. In this case, legal recognition 

of the cemetery is not enough. 

A United States proposal to contribute substantial funding (through the Agency for International 

Development, working in conjunction with the Commission) to move the market has not 

accomplished the goal. Other towns, too, use Jewish cemeteries as sites for markets. These 

markets, however, such as the one held on the cemetery at Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast), tend not to 

be daily affairs, nor do they include many permanent structures. 

The Jewish cemetery in Storozhynets (Chernivetska oblast) represents one of the few good 

examples of modern cemetery reorganization and rebuilding with construction of a monument 

and a fence around the common graves. The work was carried out using funds from an 

individual who was born in the town. 

Elsewhere, there has been care given to cemeteries. For example, in 1995, the municipality of 

Kalush (Ivano-Frankivska oblast) helped re-erect stones and fixed the wall and gate of the town’s 

Jewish cemetery, which is now surrounded by apartment buildings. The work was done in 

47

cooperation with the Kalusher Society in Israel. The group published the Yizkor book (historical 

and personal writing compiled to memorialize the destroyed Jewish community) and apparently 

paid for a fence and a monument at the site of the massacre of Jews by the Nazi Einsatzgruppe. 

Now there is occasional clearing or cleaning of the sites by local authorities. 

At the cemetery of Alchevsk (Luhanska oblast) there has been re-erection, patching and cleaning 

of stones, clearing of vegetation, and fixing of the wall and gate. Local and regional authorities, 

and Jewish individuals within the country did the work. Restoration was completed by 1994. 

Now, there is occasional clearing or cleaning by individuals. 

IV.3 (c) 

Cemetery Preservation Challenges 

The majority of Jewish cemeteries and mass burial sites in Ukraine remain abandoned and 

neglected, without clearly marked boundaries or descriptive or commemorative markers. The 

range of physical problems encountered in cemeteries includes: abandonment and the rapid 

encroachment of vegetation or encroachment by other development; the erosion of stone surfaces 

with their decorations and inscriptions due to natural weathering; and increasing air pollution. 

Cemeteries are subject to natural deterioration, theft, vandalism, and land development. Many 

have already been encroached upon for industrial, agricultural, residential or recreational use. 

Various types of land development -- including construction of roads -- continue to threaten 

abandoned or little-used cemeteries. No systematized or centralized program for the 

conservation of cemeteries exists. Few cemeteries are presently listed on any registers of historic 

monuments. Those sites with a wealth of artistically and historically significant gravestones are 

not receiving regular and professional protection and care. Even positive intervention at sites 

often neglects basic conservation procedures regarding methods and materials employed in the 

cleaning, repair, and re-erection of stones. 48 

Intervention to preserve Ukrainian cemeteries requires work on several levels. Often research is 

required to fully ascertain the legal boundaries of the cemetery, since walls or fences do not 

delimit most of the older cemeteries. Basic work requires the clearing of saplings, bushes, vines, 

weeds, and other vegetation that has grown up. More demanding and expensive work can 

require the repair or erection of walls or fences, the rebuilding of pre-burial houses, and the reerection 

of gravestones. In many cases where work has been undertaken at Ukrainian Jewish 

cemeteries, there are few or no stones visible. In these cases, repairs can include fencing the site, 

retrieving lost and stolen stones from other places, and the erection of a monument. 

While there are some who interpret very strictly certain Talmudic injunctions regarding the 

vegetation on cemeteries, most often a more liberal solution is adopted in order to safeguard a 

cemetery’s protection and preservation. According to the Talmud, all plants of the cemetery are 

not pruned, grass is not mowed, and only the paths are paved and maintained. The aim is that the 

48 

There is a growing literature about stone conservation in general and cemetery conservation and restoration in 

particular. For stone restoration, the International Symposium on the Conservation of Stone is a valuable resource 

(proceeding of conferences are published regularly). For cemeteries as a whole, the specialized publications of the 

Association for Gravestone Studies are extremely useful. These are summarized in Lynette Strangstad, A Graveyard 

Preservation Primer (Nashville, TN: Altamira Press 1988). See also ibid., Preservation of Historic Burial Grounds 

(Washington, DC: National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1995). 

48

environment be natural. This tradition expresses the futility of opposing the changes of nature. 

However, it has been traditional for Jewish communities to carry out routine cleaning and 

clearing of vegetation at cemeteries, and to undertake remedial work when cemeteries have 

suffered from destruction and subsequent neglect. 

Removal of vegetation often requires approval from both secular and religious authorities. Many 

Jewish cemeteries in Ukraine are now classified as woodland, and removal of trees that have 

grown up on the site in the past half-century, such as the nearly 2,000 saplings and pine trees on 

the cemetery in Brody, require permission from forestry officials. 

Likewise, if removal of vegetation involves any excavation (as opposed to cutting), even trees 

that are threatening graves with their root structure, rabbinic approval or, even, religious 

supervision may be required to ensure that graves are not disturbed. 

The presence of large trees often provides aesthetic relief. However, it is sometimes necessary, 

as at Zhytomyr, to cut trees down because they are damaging graves or because the danger of 

their collapse is deemed a safety hazard. 

The Talmud is specific in stating that animals should not be pastured nor grass collected in a 

cemetery. Yet, if any one collected grass, it had to be burnt immediately out of respect due to the 

dead (Sanhedrin 46a.). 

In cemeteries that have long been abandoned, however, it is commonly accepted that clearing of 

vegetation is required in order to reveal and protect the graves and stones. Likewise, for the 

maintenance of a cemetery, it is commonly arranged that a local farmer may clear hay. 

Although, in many instances, local peasants or collectives allow animals to graze on Jewish 

cemeteries, and this grazing controls the vegetation, Jews generally prefer to erect fences to 

protect sites from animals as well as from humans. 

In Podillia (the region of southwest Ukraine formerly part of southeastern Poland), many historic 

cemeteries still maintain some of their original decorated tombstones. In Buchach (Ternopilska 

oblast), some tombstones date back to the 16 th century, and several from the 17 th and 18 th 

centuries are noteworthy for their marvelous portal shape construction and interesting texts. The 

inscriptions at Buchach are particularly informative from an historical point of view; the 

genealogical information reveals much about the migration of the Jews in this area. 

The known cemetery sites can be classified into the following categories: 

‣ Cemeteries where the general location is known, but which are not in any way marked, 

and which have been developed for some other use. Typical examples include the old cemetery 

at Brody (Lvivska oblast) that is used as a football field, and cemeteries at Drohobych and Stryj 

(Lvivska oblast), where apartment buildings are built. 

‣ Cemeteries where the boundaries are known, but an inappropriate activity takes place. 

This is the case with the old cemeteries in Zhovkva and Lviv (Lvivska oblast), where markets 

take place within the cemetery walls. In Zhovkva, there are a few permanent structures on the 

site. In Lviv, a bustling marketplace with many new buildings occupies the cemetery and 

considerable area beyond (figures 14-17). 

49

‣ Cemeteries with no in situ gravestones, but where the boundaries have been determined 

through research and the site has been cleared and fenced. Examples include Komarno and Sasiv 

(Lvivska oblast). In both cases, new ohels have been erected on the presumed sites of earlier 

structures (ohels are small permanent structures built to protect special graves, traditionally 

reserved for graves of venerated rabbis and scholars). In Belz (Lvivska oblast), some stones 

have been raised and others lie in the field (figure 46). No ohel has been built, but the site is 

fenced. 

‣ Cemeteries where substantial numbers of original gravestones clearly indicate the sites as 

a Jewish cemetery, but no protective measures are taken to preserve the site. Examples of such 

places include Busk (Lvivska oblast) (figures 4, 5, 50), Deliatyn (Ivano-Frankivska oblast), and 

Sataniv (Khmelnytska oblast). 

‣ Cemeteries where substantial numbers of gravestones remain, and all or part of the 

original cemetery has in some way been fenced or protected. Such sites include Brody (Lvivska 

oblast), Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska oblast) (figures 11, 45) and Ternopil (Ternopilska oblast). 

‣ The troubled history of Ukrainian Jewish cemeteries is perhaps typified by the fate of the 

cemetery in Ostroh (Rivnenska oblast). The old Jewish cemetery survived the Second World 

War, only to be demolished by the Soviets in 1961 to make way for a dance hall, which was later 

demolished after independence. Now, the site is a landscaped park with memorials and a single 

grave memorializing Solomon Luria (see note 46). A simple elegant entry gate leads to a 

memorial stone, inscribed in Yiddish and Ukrainian (figure 49). 

50

Fig. 32. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery used as marketplace. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

Fig. 33. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Wall of Jewish cemetery in disrepair. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

51

Fig. 34. Belz (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Detail of fence and gate enclosing cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

Fig. 35. Olesko (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Detail of new fence and ohel. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

52

IV.4 

Holocaust Execution and Mass Burial Sites 

Throughout Ukraine, many Holocaust sites are marked and cared for – a continuation of a policy 

from Soviet times that designated memory to “victims and martyrs of Fascism.” Until recently, 

most of these marked sites made no mention of the Jewish identity of the victims 

commemorated. Most famously, this was the case at Babyn Yar, the killing site of Kyiv’s Jews, 

not far from the city limits, but it was also true elsewhere throughout all the former Soviet 

Union. 

In Lutsk, for example, the mass gravesite of thousands of Jews killed in that city between August 

20 and September 3, 1942 bore only a stone marker that did not identify the victims as Jews. In 

July 1990, however, Soviet officials allowed the dedication of a new memorial at this site. Three 

thousand people attended the ceremony. The new granite and marble monument commemorates, 

in Yiddish and Ukrainian, the 25,658 people of “Jewish nationality” killed on that spot. The new 

monument was paid for by the Government of Ukraine, except for a cast-iron fence surrounding 

the gravesite that was funded by the New York-based Federation of Volhynia Jews. In all, 

thirty-eight gravesite renovations were planned in Volhynia - under the direction of the Volhynia 

Museum in Lutsk. 49 

Most mass burial sites in Ukraine, however, remain poorly marked and uncared for. Without 

prompt action, the knowledge of many of these places will disappear as the generation that 

suffered the horrors of the Holocaust passes. 

The need to recognize and commemorate these places is in the hearts of survivors and relatives 

of those murdered. One example stands for many. In 1999, Chaim Fischman made a pilgrimage 

to Tsybulivka (Vinnytska oblast), where he had survived the freezing winter of 1941-42 herded 

with other Jews “like cattle … Many … died, either from frost, starvation, typhoid fever, or other 

illness. I was fortunate enough to survive that winter, but my father was not …”. 

Fischman’s father was buried in a mass grave with thousands (perhaps as many as 5,000) people 

who perished that winter. On his return in 1999, Fischman found little changed in the 

impoverished, rural area. “The main field which holds the remains of the thousands of martyrs, 

including my father’s final resting place, is now being used for cattle grazing, without any 

fencing or marking to indicate its holy status.” 50 

In the fall of 2000, work to build a fence around the mass burial place was underway in 

cooperation with Rabbi Tsirkus from Vinnytsia. 

In the village of Brailiv near Vinnytsia, a wall enclosing a mass grave and a commemorative 

monument for the 3,000 Jews killed and buried on this site was erected by survivors shortly after 

the end of the Second World War. This is a case where an early effort was made to mark a site 

of shame for future generations. However, the original monument decayed. As a result, a new 

effort restored the monument, at which time additional plaques were added, identifying as many 

as possible of the murdered individuals. This new monument was sponsored by the 

49 See Toby Axelrod, “Soviets Dedicate Memorial to Jews,” The Jewish Week (July 27, 1990). 

50 Letter from Chaim Fischman to then Commission Chairman Michael Lewan, December 9, 1999. 

53

Commission, which raised half of the funds for it. It was dedicated in a well-attended ceremony 

in October 2002. 

Mass burial sites can be found throughout Ukraine, though the greatest numbers are in the west 

in the areas that bore the brunt of the Nazi occupation. Burial sites are sometimes in urban areas, 

but are most often on the periphery of settled areas – in fields or woods. 

Jews were often marched out of villages and towns and executed. Sometimes they were forced 

to dig their own graves. In scores of places, pre-existing natural features were used for collection 

and burial of the bodies or the deposit of ashes if bodies were burned. This is the case at the 

massacre site at Babyn Yar. 

On September 26, 1941, a week after occupying Kyiv, the Germans -- ostensibly in retaliation 

for sabotage -- decided to kill the Jews of the city. The killing was entrusted to the Nazi 

Sonderkommando 4a, reinforced by Ukrainian auxiliary police. 

On September 28, the city’s Jews were ordered to appear the next morning. When they did, they 

were taken to the Babyn Yar ravine. As they approached the site, they were forced to hand over 

any valuables in their possession, take off all their clothes, and advance towards the ravine edge, 

in groups of ten. When they reached it, they were gunned down with automatic weapons. Later, 

a thin layer of soil was thrown on their bodies. It is believed that over 33,700 Jews were 

murdered in two days of shooting. In the months that followed, thousands more were taken to 

Babyn Yar and shot. Neighbors turned in many Jews who tried to hide. 

Babyn Yar served as a slaughterhouse for non-Jews as well, including Roma (“Gypsies”) and 

Soviet prisoners of war as well as many non-Jewish Ukrainians. 

It took a long time for a memorial to be erected at Babyn Yar (figure 38). Among those who 

insisted that one be built were the writer, Ilya Ehrenburg, and the poet, Yevgeni Yevtushenko, 

who, in 1961, published the extremely moving, and, ultimately, influential poem, “Babij Yar.” 

The next year, Dmitri Shostakovich set the poem to music, incorporating it into his Thirteenth 

Symphony. 

The poem and symphony had a tremendous impact in the Soviet Union, and, in 1974, a 

monument was finally erected. Unfortunately, the monument was built several hundred yards 

away from the site of the massacre and there was no mention of the Jewish victims. Finally, in 

the early 1990s, two monuments for Jewish victims were erected. 51 

Adjacent to the site of the Babyn Yar massacres, is a small Jewish cemetery. Various accounts 

of the killing and the subsequent burning of bodies of Babyn Yar mention the removal of stones 

and iron fencing from this cemetery. In 1991, Albert Barr, an American visiting Kyiv, came 

upon this abandoned and neglected cemetery while visiting the Babyn Yar site 52 (figures 36, 37). 

51 See Shmuel Spector in Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, Israel Gutman, editor in chief, (New York: MacMillan 

Publishing Company, 1990), Vol. I, 135. 

52 Lynn Feinerman, “Area Man Finds Neglected Jewish Cemetery at Babi Yar,” Jewish Bulletin (October 1, 1993). 

54

He then initiated an effort to conserve the site with assistance from the Bay Area Council of 

Soviet Jews and from the Commission. 53 

In general, mass graves lack protective measures and maintenance. Despite this, they are 

sometimes visited. If sites were better protected, both by physical barriers, such as fences, and 

with legal status, as protected sites, it is likely that there would be increased awareness and 

visitation. Hopefully, there would also be a decrease in the defilement of the sites and their use 

for grazing. Proper maintenance of the sort now performed for some of the mass graves would, 

if applied to other sites, protect them from destructive vegetation. 

For the most part, places of execution and burial have not been marked and cared for over the 

past half century. Some sites, however, have been singled out and designated as sites of 

martyrdom of anti-fascists or Soviet heroes. The fact that those buried in such places are often 

likely to have been Jews, killed solely because they were Jews, is not mentioned. 

Some changes, similar to the recognition at Babyn Yar, have taken place in the wording and 

disposition of signs and monuments. This is, however, a slow process. Locating mass gravesites 

requires tapping into the memory of local residents alive at the time of the Holocaust, or who 

have heard of the terrible events from those who witnessed the murders. Often, only such 

memory can be used to locate mass gravesites. 

53 An inscription on a plaque at the site now reads, “The cemetery was lovingly restored by the Jewish communities 

of the San Francisco Bay Area and Kiev. The project was sponsored by the Bay Area Council for Soviet Jews, San 

Francisco, California, and the United States Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad.” 

55

Fig. 36. Babyn Yar (Kyivska oblast), Ukraine. Remains of Jewish cemetery adjacent to massacre site prior to 

clearing and restoration. Photo: Albert Barr 

Fig. 37. Babyn Yar (Kyivska oblast), Ukraine. Remains of Jewish cemetery after clearing and restoration. Photo: 

Albert Barr 

56

Overall, there has been more effort in recent years to recognize the location of mass gravesites 

and mark the places with monuments than there has been in caring for Jewish cemeteries. As in 

the case of cemeteries already described, most of the work at mass gravesites is sponsored by 

Jews from abroad – either individual survivors themselves marking the presumed graves of their 

loved ones who did not escape the Holocaust, or by organizations of survivors or descendants of 

towns, collectively commemorating the dead. 

In 1995, funding from a former citizen of Odesa, who now lives in Israel, Yakov Maniovitch, 

helped create the memorial complex for murdered Jews in Odesa. The memorial was built in the 

center of the city on Prokhorovska Street. It includes a 250-meter walkway and a 

commemorative obelisk. In Yalta in the Crimea, funds were being sought in the mid 1990s to 

secure a mass gravesite that was increasingly being exposed by erosion and neglect. The site 

contains remains of as many as 4,000 people executed in December 1941. It had been hidden 

until heavy rains exposed hundreds of thousands of bones in 1994. 54 

Following are several examples of mass graves identified in the survey. The information 

concerning these sites is typical of the results found in the survey. Attempts were made to locate 

the sites, and describe their overall condition, maintenance, and visibility. A complete list of all 

mass graves visited is in Appendix IV. 

‣ In Novo-Uman (Mykolaivska oblast), the mass grave is unprotected. It is known that 

Hasidic Jews are buried there, but no data about the precise number of persons interred nor their 

individual identities has been found. There are no signs marking the boundaries, and vegetation 

around the graves grows freely. The grave has been vandalized within the past ten years, but the 

municipality, which owns the site, has not erected a fence to protect it. The grave is currently 

used for agricultural purposes: grazing and growing crops. 

‣ In Nizhyn (Chernihivska oblast), there is no sign explicitly marking the mass grave but a 

fence surrounds the site. It has protected the grave from vandalism. The grave itself is indicated 

by a single gravestone that serves to commemorate all the victims. The site attracts occasional 

visitors on organized tours. The municipality, which owns the site, has periodically sent 

personnel to clean the site. 

‣ Nemyriv (Vinnytska oblast) contains four mass graves. None is protected, but all are 

marked by signs mentioning the Holocaust. Nazis murdered the residents of the Nemyriv ghetto 

between 1942 and 1944. Organized individual tours, private visitors, and local residents 

occasionally visit. The authorities occasionally clear and clean some of the graves and work to 

maintain the tombstones. At one grave to the north of Nemyriv near a quarry, local Jews worked 

every year between 1950 and 1980 to restore the stones that are present at the site. None of the 

sites have been vandalized, but walls or fences do not protect them. 

‣ In Andrushivka (Zhytomyrska oblast), there are two mass graves that have been well 

maintained by local authorities. One is in the southeastern part of town, near the hospital. The 

other is close to an important road – Andrushivka-Pavelky Road. Each is surrounded by a fence, 

but neither has a gate. Each has a sign mentioning the Holocaust. Few people visit the sites, but 

54 “Remains of Victims Exposed in Crimea,” JTA article published in American Jewish World, 83:3 (September 23, 

1994). 

57

neither has been vandalized. At each mass grave, authorities have cleared vegetation and reerected 

stones. Now, local individuals carry out work. 

‣ In 1990, local authorities in Berezna (Chernihivska oblast) erected a memorial stone 

marking the mass grave next to the Red Cemetery. The mass grave is at the crown of a hill and 

is surrounded by a fence, but no sign marks the grave. Authorities maintain the site, which is 

visited occasionally. 

‣ Some mass graves are better marked and protected than others. A sign that mentions the 

Holocaust marks the mass grave to the north of Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska oblast) – home of the 

Ba’al Shem Tov, founder of Hasidism. After crossing a public field, visitors encounter a fence 

with a locked gate that surrounds the site. The monument on the gravesite was erected in 1957. 

Jewish group tours, pilgrimage groups, and private visitors occasionally visit. There is sporadic 

clearing of growth by authorities and the site has not been vandalized. 

‣ In the southeastern part of the town of Pohrebyshche (Vinnytska oblast), at 

Kotsiubynskoho Street, occasional visitors encounter a mass grave surrounded by a broken fence 

and a gate that does not lock. The hillside mass grave is marked by a sign that mentions the 

Holocaust in Hebrew and Russian. The memorial stones were erected beginning in 1965. 

Municipal authorities and Ukrainian Jews carried out the work. An unpaid caretaker cares for 

the site. 

‣ There are other mass graves in Pohrebyshche. One is in the center of town at 109 

Khmelnytskoho Street. A fence and gate that locks surround the mass grave. Access is granted 

only with permission from the municipality, which owns the site. Organized tours, private 

visitors, and local residents visit the site, which has not been vandalized. The three other mass 

graves in Pohrebyshche (one in the north-western part of the town, Haharina Street, at the bottom 

of the ravine; one in the eastern outskirts at Molodizhna Street; and one in the eastern part of the 

Jewish cemetery) are in similar condition, thanks to local authorities who also restored these 

mass graves in 1965. 

‣ In Odesa (Odeska oblast), there are five mass graves. One, at Horkoho Park, has no wall 

or fence, only a marker that mentions the Holocaust. It was restored in 1965. The municipality 

owns the site but does not maintain it. As a result, overgrown vegetation is a serious problem. 

Despite this, the mass grave is visited frequently by organized Jewish tours, pilgrimage groups, 

and private visitors (non-Jewish as well as Jewish). 

‣ Another Odesa mass grave, located at Akademika Vorobjova Street lacks a wall or fence. 

This site, which is not maintained, is not frequently visited. 

‣ A third Odesa grave is located at Malynovskoho Street Nr. 71/1. Organized tours and 

local residents visit this mass grave, and it is occasionally cleared by authorities. But, without a 

fence, nothing can protect the site from potential vandals. 

‣ A fourth Odesa grave, located at Park im. Lenina, also lacks a fence. It is not maintained, 

and is overgrown. 

58

‣ Odesa’s fifth mass grave is located at Chornomorska Road, southwest of the city. There 

is no fence or wall around the site, which is frequently visited by Jewish tour groups and others, 

but there is occasional clearing or cleaning by local authorities. 

‣ In Ostroh (Rivnenska oblast), a mass grave is located across the Vilija River, in the 

woods on the edge of the new town, where a memorial and monument are built. 

‣ At Komarno (Lvivska oblast), the mass grave is in the midst of the woods on the edge of 

town. One follows a dirt road through farm country, past the town dump, and a short way off, 

immersed in thick trees, is the burial site. It has been fenced, but the gate is broken, and the site 

itself is almost as overgrown as the surrounding forest. Additional information about mass 

graves and often Holocaust related sites has been provided by survivors and genealogists. 

‣ The Jewish cemetery in Horodenka (Ivano-Frankivska oblast) still exists, though many of 

the gravestones were removed by the Germans and their local assistants and used to pave the 

streets. The cemetery appears neglected, but the overgrown vegetation is controlled by grazing 

animals. The surrounding stone wall is gone, but survivors in Israel are planning to have a fence 

erected. There are two mass graves: one for women and one for men. There is a beautiful 

memorial over one of the mass graves erected in the late 1990s with the financial support of 

survivors in Israel. It has inscriptions in Hebrew and Ukrainian. The Hebrew plaque reads in 

English as follows: 

In memory of all the martyred victims of the Holocaust from Horodenka and 

vicinity who were murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators during the 

actions, in the labor camps, in the death camps, and by all other means during 

the period of the Second World War, 1941-1945. 55 

‣ Near Horodenka is Siemakowcze (Ivano-Frankivska oblast) on December 4, 1941 2,500 

Jewish men, women, and children from Horodenka were murdered. On the mass grave, stands a 

simple monument, erected some time ago, with the dedication “To the Victims of Fasism” in 

Russian. This was the only inscription that the communist regime would allow. After the 

demise of the U.S.S.R., a tablet was attached describing in more detail what was being 

commemorated. In Hebrew, Ukrainian, English, and Yiddish it states: “Mass grave of 2,500 

Jews - adults and children - from Horodenka and the vicinity who were murdered here by Nazis 

on Dec. 4, 1941. May the memory of the Holocaust victims be blessed forever.” 

‣ Also near Horodenka is a memorial in the cemetery of Tovste (Ternopilska oblast, 

formerly Tlusty), where some of the remaining Jews from Horodenka were sent to die in a local 

ghetto. The Hebrew inscription translated into English reads: “In memory of the martyrs of 

Tlusty and surroundings who were annihilated by the Nazis in the years 1942-1943 and to 

remember all the martyrs who are buried in this cemetery. Erected by the survivors from 

Tlusty.” 

55 This information comes from a detailed and moving account of a visit to Horodenka (formerly Gorodenka) by 

Tosia Schneider, “Visiting Gorodenka, Fifty-three Years Later” at 

http://shangrila.cs.ucdavis.edu:1234/heckman/gorodenka/. Ms. Schneider, born Szechter, spent her early life in 

Horodenka. She is the only survivor of her family, having spent part of the Second World War in the ghettoes of 

Horodenka, Tluste, and the labor camp at Lisowce. She moved to the U.S.A. in 1949. 

59

Fig. 38. Babyn Yar (Kyivska oblast), Ukraine. Memorial at site of massacre. Photo: 1993 

Fig. 39. Rivne (Rivnenska oblast), Ukraine. Memorial to 17,500 murdered Jews. Photo: Jonathan Finley 2/1996 

60

Fig. 40. Sadhora (Chernivetska oblast), Ukraine. Former synagogue. Interior. Photo: Raymond M. Guggenheim 

8/1999 

Fig. 41. Sadhora (Chernivetska oblast), Ukraine. Former synagogue. Exterior. Photo: Raymond M. Guggenheim 

8/1999 

61

IV.5 

Synagogues 

Since the end of Communist rule, one of the primary goals of the Jewish community of Ukraine 

has been the return of Jewish communal property seized by the Communist regime. From the 

beginning of the Communist rule in Ukraine, hundreds of synagogues, as well as other Jewish 

communal buildings, were nationalized and converted into factories, warehouses, and sports 

clubs and used for a variety of other purposes. Many of these buildings survive in their altered 

forms. 

While major synagogues in Dnipropetrovsk, Drohobych, Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, Zhytomyr and 

elsewhere have been returned to the Jewish community, numerous other historic synagogues 

languish abandoned and often in ruin. Those that continue to serve secular needs provide no 

compensation to the Jewish community. They do not generate income needed to restore and 

maintain other sites. 

Ukraine is especially noteworthy for the impressive number of large masonry synagogues built 

from the 17 th century to the 19 th century. These are particularly prevalent in western Ukraine. 

Significant portions of these synagogues, many of which are of the so-called “fortress 

synagogue” type remain. Good examples can be found in Sataniv, Sokal (figures 6, 7), Zhovkva 

(figure 42, 43, 44), Brody (figures 8, 9), Lutsk (figure 28), and Stryj. Most of these synagogues, 

however, are either ruins (Sataniv, Brody, and Stryj) or empty shells (Zhovkva). 

Others such as Lutsk (Volynska oblast) were rebuilt for a new use after the Second World War. 

The synagogue, originally built in 1628, is now a sports hall. The synagogue in Kamjanets- 

Podolskyj (Khmelnytska oblast) has been turned into a restaurant. Sharhorod’s synagogue 

(Vinnytska oblast), built in the second half of the 17 th century, had its exterior reconstructed very 

crudely and now houses a wine or vinegar factory. The small 19 th -century synagogue of 

Buchach (Ternopilska oblast) now is a warehouse. The eclectic synagogue of Chortkiv 

(Ternopilska oblast), with two great octagonal towers, retains its appearance on the exterior, but 

the interior has been totally remodeled and now serves as offices. A synagogue in Chernihiv 

(Chernihivska oblast) also serves as offices. 

Recent visitors report that the former synagogue of Borzna (Chernihivska oblast) is now used as 

a fish market. 56 The Great Synagogue of Horodenka (Ivano-Frankivska oblast) is still extant. 

The exterior is in reasonably good condition, but the synagogue is now used as a gymnasium and 

an extension has been attached. In Rivne (Rivnenska oblast), the synagogue also serves as a 

sports hall. In Mohyliv Podilskyj (Vinnytska oblast) and Dolyna (Ivano-Frankivska oblast), the 

former synagogues are now Baptist churches. In Chernivtsi (Chernivetska oblast), the Great 

Synagogue, which was badly burned by the Germans in 1941, is now a movie theater – known as 

the “kinagoga.” Another synagogue, the Bet Tfila Benjamin Synagogue, built between 1923 and 

1938, has been returned to the community for religious use. 57 

56 

http://www.jewishgen.org/ShtetLin ks/borzna/trip.htm (8/1/1999). 

57 Miriam Weiner, Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories (New 

York: YIVO and Routes to Roots Foundation, 1999), 72-77, and see www.ifu.Kyiv.ua/Chernivtsi.htm. 

62

The Central Synagogue of Sadhora (Chernivetska oblast), built around the year 1770 and used by 

famed Hasidic Rabbi Israel Friedman, still stands. It served as a machine shop for local 

collective farms during the Soviet era. In 1991, it was one of the first synagogues in Ukraine to 

be returned to the Jewish community. Unfortunately, it has been abandoned while various 

Jewish factions argue over its future use. The exterior walls have survived reasonably intact, but 

the interior is very deteriorated. A severe roof leak has developed in the rear. 

The once-elegant rabbi’s house located next to the Central Synagogue was used as a municipal 

office until at least 1995. It, too, is abandoned now and rapidly deteriorating from water damage. 

An international committee has been formed with the hope of restoring the Sadhora sites, but no 

specific plans have yet been prepared or presented, and no funding secured. The local authorities 

are eager for assistance to return the buildings to their former state. 58 

The 1991 governmental decree ensured the restitution of some Jewish communal religious 

properties, primarily synagogues, in Ukraine. Since the decree was issued, 55 synagogues have 

been returned to local Jewish communities. But some Jewish communities have found it 

difficult to regain their properties because local authorities, influenced by anti-Semitic and 

extreme nationalist elements, have been lax in implementing the decree. The small central 

Ukrainian Jewish community of Khmilnyk, for example, has encountered fierce resistance in its 

attempt to reclaim its former synagogue. In 1997, the region’s administration agreed to return 

the building. However, the decision was appealed to a higher court, which overruled the grant. 

In order to assist Jewish communities in their efforts to regain synagogues, the American Jewish 

Joint Distribution Committee -the Joint- has distributed instructional materials for people 

involved in problems of restitution and renovation. The first Guide for the Return of Confiscated 

Jewish Communal Property was issued in June 1995, with advice from an historian, a lawyer, 

and an engineer, as well as the texts of laws and government decisions about restitution. 59 

The restoration of the main synagogue of Vinnytsia was completed in 1997. The building had 

been confiscated in the 1930s by Soviets and later served as a concert hall. In 1996, it was given 

back to the Jewish Community for use as a synagogue. Restoration was made possible through 

funding by the Joint. 60 

Two events in 2000 received worldwide attention – the return and restoration of synagogues in 

Kyiv and Dnipropetrovsk. In March 2000, Ukrainian Jews rededicated one of the largest 

synagogues in Eastern Europe, the Great Synagogue in Kyiv, commonly called the Brodsky 

Synagogue. It had served for over a half century as a puppet theater. Built in 1898 by sugar 

industry tycoon and Jewish leader Lazar Brodsky, the synagogue served as the focal point of the 

city’s varied Jewish activities. 

58 Clifford M. Rees provided the information on these sites and Dr. Raymond Guggenheim provided the 

photographs of the Sadhora synagogue and cemetery. 

59 Michael Beizer, Our Legacy: The CIS Synagogues, Past and Present (Moscow and Jerusalem: The American 

Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 2002), 67. 

60 For before and after photographs see M. Weiner, op. cit., 255. 

63

In 1926, the Soviet authorities closed it down. Since then, the building has housed several 

institutions, including the puppet theater. 

In 1992, Chabad-Lubavitch groups, which are dominant in Kyiv's Jewish religious life, began 

struggling for the building's return. In 1997, they got their wish, when Ukrainian authorities – 

Jewish activists in Kyiv stressed the personal involvement of President Leonid Kuchma in this 

move – handed it over to the Jewish community. Shortly thereafter, Vadim Rabinovitch, a 

Ukrainian Jewish businessman and the leader of the umbrella United Jewish Community of 

Ukraine, contributed $100,000 toward the restoration of the synagogue. 61 Architect Yuri 

Paskevitch was responsible for the restoration and new design elements - services that he 

donated. 

The synagogue was reopened amidst great fanfare in March 2000. 62 The plans were for the 

synagogue to house: a Sunday school for children; youth clubs and camps; Hebrew, Yiddish, and 

Judaic classes for adults; help for the elderly; and classes for the deaf. Some 200 elderly people 

receive daily hot meals in the synagogue. 

In September 2000, the first choral synagogue built in the former Russian Empire was 

rededicated in Dnipropetrovsk. Erected in 1852, it functioned until 1922 when the Bolsheviks 

turned it into a garment factory. 

In 1996, the former synagogue building was returned to the Jewish community. In September 

1998, it was decided that the synagogue should be reconstructed. Work started in April 1999 and 

the synagogue was rededicated on September 20, 2000, when, according to the Jewish 

Community, more than 5,000 people gathered in the street to watch the ceremony on a large 

television screen, while there were more than 600 people inside the building. Jewish and lay 

leaders from Ukraine and around the world attended the dedication. 

Communities have reclaimed synagogues elsewhere as well. In Zhytomyr, a former synagogue 

was reclaimed by the Jewish community in the 1990s. All original interior features of the 

building had been destroyed. The building has been entirely renovated and served as a place of 

worship and Jewish community center and dining hall for a meals program offered by Rabbi 

Wilhelm and the Zhytomyr Jewish Community. 

A synagogue functions in nearby Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), but another in the same city 

is now used as a glove factory. 

Success in these areas is offset by setbacks. In Kremenchuk (Poltavska oblast), an industrial city 

of about 200,000 people with a Jewish population of around 9,000, the 19 th -century synagogue, 

which had been serving as a religious and community center, burned in 1994 as the result of an 

apparent act of arson. In 2002, the community, led by Lubavicher Rabbi Shlomo David 

Solomon, was still hoping to rebuild the structure, but lacked approximately $200,000 needed for 

the job. 

61 Lev Krichevsky, “Kyiv Jews Regain Synagogue, Proving that Money Does Talk,” JTA, (Dec 22, 1998). 

62 Steve Lipman. “Landmark Day for Kyiv Synagogue,” in The Jewish Week (New York, March 10, 2000). For 

before and after photos see Beizer, op. cit., 124-28. 

64

In Lviv, once home of many synagogues and scores of small prayer houses, only one synagogue 

continues to serve as a house of worship. The Tsori Gilod Society synagogue, built in 1924 (A. 

Kornblüth, architect) 63 remains intact, and is the center of an active community outreach program 

presided over by Rabbi Bald. The synagogue is remarkable for its entirely intact interior 

decorations completed in the early 1930s by painter M. Kugel. 

Despite its relatively recent date, the decoration is important as one of the few surviving 

complete synagogue interiors in Ukraine – reflecting a centuries-old tradition. Water damage 

caused some deterioration of the interior plaster and painting. Funds from the American Jewish 

Joint Distribution Committee allowed repair of the roof and a grant from the Jewish Heritage 

Program of the World Monuments Fund supported the conservation of the wall painting. 

The restoration of the 17 th century synagogue at Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast) began in 2000, also 

with a grant from the World Monuments Fund. Local officials are behind this effort which is 

undertaken as part of a general program to restore and promote the town’s architectural heritage. 

The site was listed on the World Monuments Fund’s list of the 100 most endangered sites in the 

world for the year 2000. 

63 Lviv Sightseeing Guide (Lviv: Centre of Europe Publishing House, 1999), 266-67. 

65

Fig. 42. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Synagogue. Exterior. 

Fig. 43. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Synagogue. Exterior. 

66

Fig. 44. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Synagogue. Interior. 

67

V. AUDIENCE 

V.1 The Return Home 

Who cares about the location, access and condition of Jewish cemeteries in Ukraine? The major 

interest comes from two distinct, though sometimes overlapping, constituencies. First, there are 

religiously observant Jews who feel a deep responsibility for the upkeep of the cemeteries. Chief 

among these are groups of Hasidic Jews who hold the resting places of their Tsaddikim, rabbis, 

and ancestors, in special esteem. Hasidic Jews, more than others, are likely to take long trips 

specifically to visit these graves. The trips, which are in every sense religious pilgrimages, are 

often the catalysts for action to protect and restore Jewish cemeteries. 

A second constituency consists of Jewish genealogists. They are in search of information about 

families that can be derived from gravestone inscriptions, but many also seek an emotional 

experience, using the physical proximity to the graves of their ancestors as a way of linking to a 

lost past. A number write accounts of their visits, including their inner reflections. These are 

circulated among family members, and some are posted for a wider public on the Internet or 

published in genealogical journals. 

Genealogists often use the survey form used in collecting data for this report in order to help sort 

their observations when visiting a cemetery site. For example, Michael Tobin visited the town of 

Bohuslav (Boslov) in July 1997. He described the cemetery as follows: 

Parts of the cemetery are completely overgrown making access to the stones extremely difficult. 

Other areas have been kept clear, probably by local grazing animals. Most of the stones are in 

place, but some have been knocked over or only the base remains. I guess there are, maybe, 200 

stones there, some with all Hebrew writing, some post–WW2, with all Russian writing. The 

cemetery is on a hill overlooking a wide expanse of a valley and surrounding farms. It's quite a 

beautiful and peaceful place. The gravestones themselves are in pretty good condition, but 

obviously worn. The stones are mostly very light in color which makes reading them very 

difficult. Using shaving cream (which can be harmful to the stone) or talcum powder to try to 

make reading the stones easier was of little use because of their light color. An earlier visitor had 

painted many of the stones with black paint where the letters are. This made reading and 

photographing the stones easier. I would recommend future visitors continue this effort. I was 

able to photograph about 30 of the stones. 64 

In 1990, when Americans first began to travel to Ukraine, David Duval wrote: 

This morning I am going to BORZNA!…It is difficult to describe one's feelings at a time 

like this. I have come to the USSR for this day. I want to be as sponge-like as I can, and yet I 

know I will miss much. What will it be like? At the cemetery we find the location and walk over 

to some markers we see in the distance. They are surrounded by a metal fence but are mostly 

recent. All are located at the edge of a field and number no more than eight or nine. Where are 

the older graves? A woman walks by and we inquire about these. She says that this was all that 

is left; the main part has been plowed under! I can see why Lena doesn't like to come out here. 

64 On the Internet, see http://www.channel1.com/users/mtobin/boguslav/boguslav.html. 

68

My original motive for learning Russian was to be able to read the markers here. As we stand on 

this field, Alex says that we are probably standing on the spot. 65 

On visiting her former town of Horodenka and viewing the sites of deportation and 

execution, and new monuments that have been erected on some of these sites, Holocaust survivor 

Tosia Schneider wrote: “Over half a century has passed since I walked for the last time on the 

streets of my hometown of Horodenka. All these years, I longed to return one more time to search 

for the graves of my family and to try to find out about the fate of my father, Jacob Szechter, who 

disappeared in the fall of 1942.” The visit was successful and cathartic, yet after her visit she 

concluded: “Yes, there still is a town named Horodenka, but for me, the Horodenka of my 

childhood is to be found only in the far reaches of my memory.” 66 

Pediatric oncologist Jonathon Finlay, who traveled to Ukraine to offer medical assistance, 

experienced similar mixed emotions, on what became a trip of rediscovery by a descendant of 

Ukrainian Jews: 

As we drew closer to Ostroh, I became increasingly excited with anticipation, and, at the 

same time, anxious that my hopes of finding anything of record might come to naught. Suddenly, 

unexpectedly… 

This was all happening too fast, furious, and haphazardly for me to cope with 

emotionally; I wanted to talk calmly… addressing specific questions systematically, yet I wanted 

also to rush off and see all of these sites. As it turned out, delaying the actual visits until the 

following morning proved a valuable coping device, providing me with the nighttime to collect 

my thoughts, impressions, and “gird up my loins”… 

He [Josef] wore a suit bearing his red Army medals, and an expression – more a grimace, 

that I could not fathom. He spoke no English, and we talked fitfully through Irene’s translation. 

He showed me photos of himself as a young army officer. He showed me the documents he had 

collected of the Jews of Ostrog who died, the photos of the reunions, of the memorials. He knew, 

of course, nothing of the actual events from personal experience. He had survived the War just 

like my father had, and apparently a not uncommon story for the region; those Jews conscripted 

into the Red Army were “safe” from the genocide of the Jews by the invading Nazis and their 

collaborators in 1941-42… 

Josef shared with me all of his documents…They were hard for me to appreciate – until I 

was shown one document, dozens of pages in length, listing alphabetically in Russian the names 

of those Jews known to have died in Ostroh. There, on page 19, under the Cyrillic “F” (O), were 

the names of seven Finkiels: Yankel (my grandfather) and others. It was as if I was finally 

touching my grandparents, touching reality rather than legend. It was the first of many moments 

over the next 24 hours that I shall never forget. 

I am still daunted by Josef’s …demeanor; it was as if he was carrying the burden of the 

memory of all those thousands of Jews who had died…I toasted his honor with vodka, thanking 

him, for myself and for my father, for all that he had done in honoring the memory of the Jewish 

dead of Ostroh…He promised that, as long as he and his son were alive, and the few Jews 

remained in Ostroh, they would maintain the memorial sites, cemetery, and mass graves, and 

place flowers there on the anniversaries of the massacres… 

65 

From the diary of David Duval - A Personal Trip to Borzna, 

http://www.jewishgen.org/ShtetLinks/borzna/trip.html. For another traveler’s account see Pearl Atkin, "My Trip to 

Usciescku, Ukraine, 1992," Avotaynu, IX:4 (1993), 33-36. 

66 Tosia Schneider, “Visiting Gorodenka, Fifty-three Years Later,” posted on-line at 

http://shangrila.cs.ucdavis.edu:1234/heckman/gorodenka/tschneider.html. 

69

Such a peaceful, beautiful place! The monument [lay] adorned with floral wreaths, albeit 

artificial. Not realizing that the mass graves lay several hundred yards beyond, I recited Kaddish 

here, and for the first time, confronted with the enormity of it all, broke down… 

I learnt that this is [a] poor congregation, overloaded with physically and mentally 

disadvantaged congregants – those whom Israel would not accept for immigration… 

Again I sensed that here too, despite the [killings], the Nazis had finally been defeated, 

and a small vibrant community, worthy of our support from the West, was not only surviving but 

growing and blooming. How sad it had been, seeing the ruins of the once great Synagogues of 

Brody and Ostroh, like ruins of ancient Rome in modern-day North Africa, culturally extinct. 

Even if they could be restored to some semblance of their former glory, where were the 

communities to sustain them? And at what a cost, just to preserve them as museums. How much 

more fulfilling…to support a living, thriving, growing Jewish community…And the message of 

the history of Ostroh, and probably a similar history of a thousand or more other Jewish 

communities throughout Eastern Europe, was plain to me. The success of G-d [is] one small 

series of steps forward… 

I can only conclude by encouraging any Jew with roots in Europe to undertake their own 

personal pilgrimage, both to contribute towards the establishment of testimony, but also to make 

the tangible personal connection with their own personal history… 67 

V.2 Pilgrimage Sites 

Among the cemeteries which have received the most international attention, and, thus, often the 

most recognition from Ukrainian authorities, are those that are the destination of Jewish religious 

pilgrims – usually Hasidic Jews living in Israel, the United States, Belgium, the United 

Kingdom, Canada, and elsewhere. These sites, almost without exception, are the burial places of 

famous Tsaddikim, most often founders of Hasidic dynasties that continue today. It is now quite 

common for large groups of Hasidic Jews and others to come to Ukraine for what are often very 

short visits to important sites. For example, in May 1998 the Grand Rabbi Moses Rabinovich, 

Chief Rabbi of Munkacs, traveled from Brooklyn to Muhkachevo (formerly Munkacs) with an 

entourage of over 200 people, many of them Holocaust survivors. The group entered Ukraine 

from Slovakia and stayed less than 24 hours. 

Foremost among these places is Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska oblast), where the Ba’al Shem Tov 

spent his most creative years and died in 1760. During the Nazi occupation, an artillery battalion 

stood at the cemetery. Only a few dozen graves survived, including that of the Ba’al Shem Tov 

and some of his family. Today, the Ba’al Shem Tov’s grave is protected within a small white 

brick ohel (figure 10). There is only one Jewish family in the town today, but a new synagogue 

to serve pilgrims was erected next to the cemetery with funds donated by a French Hasidic 

family. 68 

Other popular Hasidic pilgrimage sites are the cemeteries at Uman, Annopil, Sadhora (figure 13), 

Berdychiv, and Hadiach, 69 where pilgrims visit the tomb of Rabbi Shneur Zalman, the Alter 

Rebbe, founder of the Chabad Hasidic movement, who died in 1813. Shneur Zalman’s grave is 

67 Excerpts from the Pilgrimage of the Son of Mark Finlay in the collection of the International Survey of Jewish 

Monuments (Syracuse, NY). 

68 Lev Krichevsky, “Tour of Ukraine Communities Finds Remnants of Jewish Life,” JTA (July 27, 1998). 

69 Rabbi Levi Yitzchak of Berdychiv (1740-1809) is buried here. 

70

covered by a small ohel. It resembles a small synagogue with windows and is one of the oldest 

surviving structures of this kind in Eastern Ukraine. In 1995, no wall or fence surrounded the 

cemetery. 70 

In the case of Uman (Cherkaska oblast), the burial place of Rabbi Nachman of Bratslav (d. 

1810), Bratslaver Hasidim have recently built a large synagogue to accommodate the thousands 

who visit the site every year on Rosh Hashanah. They continue a tradition that dates back to the 

first quarter of the 19 th century. 

Rabbi Nachman, a great-grandson of Hasidism’s founder, the Ba’al Shem Tov, was born in 1772 

and became famous for his teachings and mystical interpretations of Jewish texts. When he died 

in 1810 in Uman, he promised to lift his followers who visited him out of hell by their payes 

(earlocks). Pilgrimage to the site was limited and secretive under Soviet rule, but; since 1989, 

the number of annual visitors has increased, reaching 10,000 in the fall of 1997. 71 

Among those buried at Annopil (Khmelnytska oblast) are Rabbi Dov Ber, the Maggid (preacher) 

of Mezhyrich (1704-1772), and his students Meshulam Zusha (d. 1800), and Yehudah Laib 

Hacohen, both from Annopil. Their graves were rebuilt in 1988 by the Admor of Karlin-Stolin, 

and the cemetery is now well marked and frequently visited. In Annopil, however, there are also 

three mass graves that are not marked in any way, and have no protective fences. 

Pilgrimage to Ukrainian Jewish sites continues to grow, and now added to the Orthodox visitors 

are increasing numbers of group tours from Israel and North America. These groups often 

follow in the trails blazed by genealogists in the 1990s. As tourist facilities improve in Ukraine 

it is likely that there will be more of these groups. 

The visitation demands of these groups are in some cases paradoxical. On the one hand, they are 

eager to see Jewish sites, particularly famous synagogues and cemeteries, and to include many 

non-Jewish attractions of Ukraine in the tour itineraries. They are delighted when they see that 

sites have been cared for and respect for Jewish traditions is shown. Restored and maintained 

sites do attract more visitors. 

On the other hand, groups are also, in some cases, eager to view neglected sites. Like many of 

the genealogists before them, there is a quest for an emotional connection to the destruction of 

Jewish life that is only achieved through immediate contact with physical desolation. 

Respect for history requires care of sites and some restoration. But too much restoration can 

erase vital historical truths to which these sites are eloquent witnesses. It is the task of those who 

will care for these sites in the future to respect this dichotomy – the need for care, and the quest 

for memory. 

70 See Michael Greenberg, Graves of the Tzaddikim in Russia (Jerusalem: Shamir Publishing House, 1989) for an 

account of the first efforts to protect and preserve these sites. 

71 See Uman: “Invited by Rabbi Nachman,” by Don Mishell, in Jewish Spectator, (Summer 1997), 6-9; “Jews Make 

Pilgrimage to Ukraine,” New York Times (Oct. 2, 1997); Lev Krichevsky, “Chasidic Group Constructing Synagogue 

for 10,000 in Ukraine,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency (Jan. 20, 1998). 

71

Fig. 45. Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska oblast), Ukraine. Re -erected decorated gravestone with new synagogues/hostel 

in back. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

Fig. 46. Belz (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. One of the few surviving gravestones of the cleared and fenced cemetery. 


72

Fig. 47. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Holocaust memorial. Photo: Samuel Gruber 

5/2000 

Fig. 48. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish Cemetery. Distinctive lion head memorial. Photo: 


73

VI. ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION 72 

As this report makes clear, enormous effort would be required to adequately care for and protect 

for Jewish sites throughout Ukraine. 

At present, few Jewish sites are listed on the National Registry of Protected Historic Places. This 

deficiency could be remedied with the inclusion of sites of artistic and architectural merit. 

Cemeteries could also be included. In any case, the documentation of cemeteries in this report 

should also be maintained in Ukraine’s official historic preservation files. This will be the most 

complete record on the current status and location of Jewish cemeteries; The public value of 

theses sites as cultural, historic, and educational resources is of special significance in 

maintaining the history of destroyed Jewish communities. 

The information from this survey could be periodically updated. It would also be helpful if some 

entity undertook a more intensive effort to photograph and map cemeteries and transcribe 

gravestone inscriptions, and prepare photographed and measured drawings of synagogues. This 

level of documentation has been begun in many places by the Petersburg Jewish University and 

the Center for Jewish Art of Hebrew University in Jerusalem. 

Another helpful development would be for the Jewish community to establish full-time 

professional staff dedicated to this issue. This has proven effective in other countries facing 

similar challenges. If this is not possible, the community could try to establish a clearing house 

and center of information and expertise to coordinate and prioritize projects and issues related to 

Jewish sites. 

The existence of the model of the JPCU and the data provided in this report can provide the basis 

for such an office. It could work with national and international governmental bodies, as well as 

with the scores of international Jewish survivors and genealogical and landsman shaft groups 

throughout the world. The relative ease of communication and the exchange of information 

through the Internet can make a small local office in Kyiv, Lviv, or Dnipropetrovsk into an 

international hub of activity. Assistance for project implementation could be sought from 

international donors. 

Priorities concerning cemetery protection and conservation can be grouped into the following 

categories: 

‣ Boundary Markers and Signage: It would help if Jewish cemeteries were clearly 

marked. Boundaries could be delineated even if a fence or wall does not exist around the site. 

Information signs could be posted explaining the nature of the site, with some information on the 

history of the community and its destruction. Ideally, these signs would be in permanent 

materials, with information in Ukrainian and English, and either Hebrew or Yiddish. 

72 Phyllis Myers contributed to this section. 

74

‣ Enclosures: It would also be helpful if cemetery sites were protected with continuous 

fences, hedges, or walls, and with gates that lock. Priority should be given to those sites that this 

survey lists as most threatened by security problems or development threats, and those sites 

where gravestones still exist. First, repairs could be made on existing fences, walls and gates. 

This alone would reduce the danger to dozens of cemeteries at relatively modest cost. 

Constructing new fences and walls can be quite expensive. Careful consideration of sites should 

be made before resources are allocated. 

‣ Maintenance: It would be helpful if local officials would appoint caretakers for Jewish 

cemeteries. A long-term goal should be the clearing of all garbage and unwanted underbrush, 

bushes, and trees from cemetery sites. Once a cemetery has been cleared of overgrowth and 

garbage, maintenance is relatively easy. The initial cost in time and labor, however, is often 

prohibitive for a small town with limited resources. The participation of youth groups in this 

work would be helpful. 

‣ Conservation Training: It would be helpful if the Ukrainian government conducted 

more training for regional and local conservators on Jewish history, architecture, art, and 

religious symbols, care of cemeteries, use of old maps, etc. The government could also support 

continued documentation work by scholars. A special course within Ukraine for Ukrainian 

officials and conservators that would address this matter should be considered. Such a course 

might be arranged in conjunction with local universities and museums. International agencies, 

such as the International Committee on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), the International 

Research Exchange Board (IREX), and UNESCO, might be engaged to assist in this work. So, 

too, might universities and private foundations. 

Other overarching needs concern agreement on the process to provide for the return of properties 

to responsible Jewish communities, and structuring of a system of financing and incentives to 

help owners be responsible stewards of historic properties. 

Tied to this, in regard to cemeteries, is the need for an ongoing effort to fully establish the legal 

boundaries of the cemeteries identified in this report. Only then can long-term protection and 

preservation planning be fully and effectively implemented. 

While it is beyond the scope of this report to go into the complexities of this difficult issue, it is 

important to emphasize its connection to the future of the historic legacy discussed here. 

Clouded titles are a cause of continuing loss, and illegal, unplanned building. In town after town, 

there are neglected structures and plots where ownership is in dispute and reinvestment is 

hindered. 

The return only of properties in need of massive infusions of capital and labor to ensure their 

survival, while income-producing properties are not returned, would not, however, create a 

balanced system that can sustain care of historic sites. To date, most structures returned to 

Jewish communities require extensive investment, or Jewish communities are asked to help with 

funding relocation costs of occupants asked to move. Every effort should be made to allow 

communities to recoup the means to successfully maintain and restore the historic Jewish sites. 

75

The example of the Czech Republic is useful in this respect. Return to the small Jewish 

community of income producing apartment buildings and other resources has created a 

significant and ongoing source of revenue that has allowed the restoration of hundreds of Jewish 

cemeteries throughout the country, and the restoration of historic synagogues as branch museum 

sites. 

Transfer of properties will not automatically resolve problems of planning and reinvestment for 

the legacy of Jewish monuments, and, indeed, may raise new problems. An agreement on 

property restitution should include a process, linked to monuments and planning laws, to ensure 

that historic, cultural, and architectural values in privatized or transferred properties are 

appropriately assessed. It should also ensure that designation, in turn, provides access to 

incentives and subsidies, perhaps from a fund created as part of the compensation system. 

Complete documentation of the full range of significant sites and properties associated with 

Jewish life would be of value. So far, many categories beyond synagogues and cemeteries – 

prayer houses, ritual baths, burial preparation buildings, schools, orphanages, hospitals, and 

communal offices – have not been systematically surveyed. Current government estimates of the 

numbers are believed to be far too low. 

It would be helpful if the development of the National Registry of Protected Historic Places for 

Jewish sites is accelerated. Registry listing is a signal that officials and private owners should 

consult with the oblast conservator throughout planning and development of property. 

It would also be helpful if stronger links are forged between the National Registry of Protected 

Historic Places Listing and local planning, development, and investment. Given the evolution of 

quasi-autonomous local governments with planning powers and access to funds, clarification 

appears to be needed in some cases about the respective roles of oblast conservators and town 

planning authorities. Conservators also need funds to add clout to their legal authority. At the 

same time, it is critical to raise local officials’ awareness of conservation values and of the 

importance of encouraging investment in historic urban centers. 

It would also be helpful if regulatory processes and penalties are strengthened (assuming that this 

can be accomplished without imposing unneeded bureaucracy and constraints to needed 

investment). 

Recognition of the importance of non-regulatory incentives in a market economy would also 

make a contribution. Reforms to encourage private investment and private donations through 

tax, subsidies, have been important spurs in the United States and Western Europe, and would 

help in Ukraine. 

Guidelines could be developed that would implement historic town and conservation zones, and 

would continue efforts to negotiate preservation solutions that combine authenticity with more 

flexibility than in the past. Some places need to be set aside for no change and other places need 

to respond to change without compromising authenticity and historic values – a new challenge 

for Ukrainian preservation. The example of Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast) is encouraging in this 

respect. 

Collaborative opportunities could be sought out, in major urban and regional 

development/tourism schemes. Funds for documentation, sensitive planning, and restoration of 

76

historic resources may become available from diverse sources when major reinvestment is 

planned. Early involvement of conservation professionals will help avoid threats to historic 

resources caused by inadequate planning and consultation. 

It would help if programs and policies aimed at strengthening Non-Governmental Organization 

(NGO) partners of citizens and professionals are developed and supported. It would also help to 

expand their access to information and standing to raise issues and participate in project 

negotiations. NGOs can play a critical role in pulling together resources and players for 

constructive solutions. Their involvement as partners, as well as advocates and public educators, 

is essential, given limited public resources and increased pace of development. 

Recognition awards could also be helpful. Successful public and private initiatives and 

collaboration to protect the legacy of Jewish monuments could be recognized in an awards 

program. These could include citations for community clean-up of cemeteries, creative uses of 

historic buildings, excellence in integrating restoration into the larger urban or countryside 

environment, and developing revenue-generating projects. Such awards could also help 

encourage solutions and collaborative approaches. 

77

Fig. 49. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Lion head gravestone. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

Fig. 50. Ostroh (Rivnenska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Grave of the Maharshua Rabbi. Photo: Jonathan 


78

Appendix I: Sites Surveyed, Listed Alphabetically 

A 

Agris (Zakarpatska) 

Akymivka (Vinnytska) 

Alchevsk (Luhanska) 

Ananjev (Odeska) 

Andrijevo-Ivanivka (Odeska) 

Andrushivka (Zhytomyrska) 

Apostolovo (Dnipropetrovska) 

Artsyz (Odeska) Ataky (Zakarpatska) 

B 

Babyn (Chernivetska) 

Bakhmach (Chernihivska) 

Bahiv (Volynska) 

Balta (Odeska) 

Balanivka (Vinnytska) 

Baniliv (Chernivetska) 

Bar (Vinnytska) 

Baranivka (Zhytomyrska) 

Barashi (Zhytomyrska) 

Baryshivka (Kyivska) 

Belz (Lvivska) 

Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska) 

Berehomet (Chernivetska) 

Berehovo (Zakarpatska) 

Berehy (Zakarpatska) 

Bereslavka (Kirovohradska) 

Berestechko (Volynska) 

Berezdiv (Khmelnytska) 

Berezdovtsi (Lvivska) 

Berezhany (Ternopilska) 

Berezhnytsia (Rivnenska) 

Berezivka (Odeska) 

Berezna (Chernihivska) 

Bereznehuvate (Mykolaivska) 

Berezno (Rivnenska) 

Bershad (Vinnytska) 

Beryslav (Khersonska) 

Bibrka (Lvivska) 

Bila Tserkva (Kyivska) 

Bilhorod Dnistrovskyj (Odeska) 

Bilopillia (Vinnytska) 

Bilozirja (Cherkaska) 

Bilshivtsi (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Bilyj Kamin (Lvivska) 

Bilylivka (Zhytomyrska) 

Bishtanie (Zakarpatska) 

Bobrovycia (Chernihivska) 

Bobrovyj Kut (Khersonska) 

Bobrynets (Kirovohradska) 

Bohdanivka (Mykolaivska) 

Bohodukhiv (Kharkivska) 

Bohorodchany (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Bohuslav (Kyivska) 

Bojarka (Kyivska) 

Bolekniv (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Bolhrad (Odeska) 

Boremel (Rivnenska) 

Borodianka (Kyivska) 

Borshchahivka (Vinnytska) 

Borshchiv (Ternopilska) 

Bortnyky (Vinnytska) 

Boryslav (Lvivska) 

Boryspol (Kyivska) 

Borzna (V. Shapovalivka) (Chernihivska) 

Brailiv (Vinnytska) 

Bratslav (Vinnytska) 

Brech (Chernihivska) 

Brody (Lvivska) 

Brovary (Kyivska) 

Brusyliv (Zhytomyrska) 

Buchach (Ternopilska) 

Budaniv (Ternopilska) 

Bukachivtsi (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Bykiv (Chernihivska) 

Buky (Cherkaska) 

Burshtyn (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Buryn (Sumska) 

Busk (Lvivska) 

Buzke (Mykolaivska) 

Byshiv (Kyivska) 

C 

Chechelnyk (Vinnytska) 

Chemerivtsi (Khmelnytska) 

Chepa (Zakarpatska) 

Cherkasy (Cherkaska) 

Chernihiv (Chernihivska) 

Chernihivka (Mykolaivska) 

Chernivtsi (Chernivetska) 

Chernivtsi (Vinnytska) 

Cherniakhiv (Zhytomyrska) 

Chernylytsia (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Chervone (Sumska) 

Chervone (Zhytomyrska) 

Chervonoarmijsk (Zhytomyrska) 

Chervonohrad (Lvivska) 

Chetvertnja (Volynska) 

Chierna (Zakarpatska) 

Chopovychi (Zhytomyrska) 

Chornohuzy (Chernivetska) 

Chornotysiv (Zakarpatska) 

Chornukhy (Poltavska) 

Chortkiv (Ternopilska) 

Chudniv (Zhytomyrska) 

Chudyn (Chernivetska) 

Chuhuiv (Kharkivska) 

Chukiv (Vinnytska) 

79

D 

Danylovo (Zakarpatska) 

Dashiv (Vinnytska) 

Deliatyn (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Demydivka (Rivnenska) 

Derazhnia (Khmelnytska) 

Derebchyn (Vinnytska) 

Diakivtsi (Vinnytska) 

Dimer (Kyivska) 

Dmytrivka (Chernihivska) 

Dmytrivka (Kirovohradska) 

Dobromyl (Lvivska) 

Dobrotvir (Staryj) (Lvivska) 

Dobrovelychkivka (Kirovohradska) 

Dolyna (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Dolynske (Odeska) 

Domanivka (Mykolaivska) 

Donetsk (Donetska) 

Dovbysh (Zhytomyrska) 

Drohobych (Lvivska) 

Drotintsi (Zakarpatska) 

Druzhba (Sumska) 

Dubno (Rivnenska) 

Dubrovytsia (Rivnenska) 

Dunaivtsi (Khmelnytska) 

Dykivka (Kirovohradska) 

Dzerzhynsk (Zhytomyrska) 

Dzhuryn (Vinnytska) 

Dzihivka (Vinnytska) 

Dzunkiv (Vinnytska) 

E 

Emelchyn (Zhytomyrska) 

F 

Frankivka (Vinnytska) 

H 

Hadyach (Poltavska) 

Hajsyn (Vinnytska) 

Halych (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Herasymivka (Sumska) 

Hermanivka (Kyivska) 

Hertsa (Chernivetska) 

Hlukhiv (Sumska) 

Hlybochytsia (Chernivetska) 

Hlyboka (Adankata) (Chernivetska) 

Hlyniane (Kirovohradska) 

Hlyniany (Lvivska) 

Hlynsk (Sums ka) 

Holiatyn (Zakarpatska) 

Holoby (Volynska) 

Holohory (Lvivska) 

Holovanivsk (Kirovohradska) 

Horinchevo (Zakarpatska) 

Horlivka (Donetska) 

Horodenka (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Horodkivka (Vinnytska) 

Horodnia (Chernihivska) 

Horodnytsia (Zhytomyrska) 

Horodok (Lvivska) 

Horodyshche (Cherkaska) 

Horokhiv (Volynska) 

Hoshcha (Rivnenska) 

Hostomel (Kyivska) 

Hradisk (Poltavska) 

Hradivka (Mykolaivska) 

Hraniv (Vinnytska) 

Hrebinky (Kyivska) 

Hremiach (Chernihivska) 

Hrymajliv (Ternopilska) 

Hrytsiv (Khmelnytska) 

Hubkiv (Rivnenska) 

Hudigai (Zakarpatska) 

Huliaj Pole (Zaporizka) 

Husiatyn (Ternopilska) 

Huta Polonetska (Khmelnytska) 

Hvardijske (Khmelnytska) 

I 

Ichnia (Chernihivska) 

Illintsi (Vinnytska) 

Inhulets (Dnipropetrovska) 

Ivanhorod (Cherkaska) 

Ivaniv (Vinnytska) 

Ivanivka (Odeska) 

Ivano-Frankivsk (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Ivanopil (Zhytomyrska) 

Ivashkivtsi (Vinnytska) 

Iza (Zakarpatska) 

Izyaslav (Khmelnytska) 

Izmail (Odeska) 

K 

Kadiivka (Luhanska) 

Kaharly k (Kyivska) 

Kakhovka (Khersonska) 

Kalush (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Kalynivka (Vinnytska) 

Kalynivka (Rivnenska) 

Kalynivka (Zhytomyrska) 

Kamin Kashyrskyj (Volynska) 

Kaminnyj Brid (Zhytomyrska) 

Kamjanets - Podilskyj (Khmelnytska) Kamjanka 

(Cherkaska) 

Kamjanka-Dniprovska (Zaporizka) 

Kamjanka-Buzka (Lvivska) 

Kaniv (Cherkaska) 

Katerynivka (Ternopilska) 

Kerch (Krymska) 

Keretsky (Zakarpatska) 

Kharkiv (Kharkivska) 

80

Khashchevate (Kirovohradska) 

Khmelnytskyj (Khmelnytska) 

Khmilnyk (Vinnytska) 

Khodoriv (Lvivska) 

Khodorkiv (Zhytomyrska) 

Khorol (Poltavska) 

Khorostkiv (Ternopilska) 

Khotyn (Chernivetska) 

Khrystynivka (Cherkaska) 

Khust (Zakarpatska) 

Khyriv (Lvivska) 

Kilija (Odeska) 

Kirovohrad (Kirovohradska) 

Kitsman (Chernivetska) 

Klevan (Rivnenska) 

Kobyliaky (Poltavska) 

Kodra (Kyivska) 

Kodyma (Odeska) 

Kolachova (Zakarpatska) 

Kolky (Volynska) 

Kolomyja (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Kolosivka (Mykolaivska) 

Komarhorod (Vinnytska) 

Komarno (Lvivska) 

Komiaty (Zakarpatska) 

Konela (Cherkaska) 

Konotop (Sumska) 

Kopajhorod (Vinnytska) 

Kopychyntsi (Ternopilska) 

Korets (Rivnenska) 

Kornyn (Zhytomyrska) 

Korolevo (Zakarpatska) 

Korop (Chernihivska) 

Korostyn (Zhytomyrska) 

Korostyshiv (Zhytomyrska) 

Korsun-Shevchenkivskyj (Cherkaska) 

Kosiny (Zakarpatska ) 

Kosiv (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Kostopil (Rivnenska) 

Konstyntsi (Chernivetska) 

Kotovsk (Odeska) 

Kovel (Volynska) 

Kovshevata (Kyivska) 

Kozatske (Odeska) 

Kozelets (Chernihivska) 

Koziatyn (Vinnytska) 

Kozubivka (Mykolaivska) 

Krakovets (Lvivska) 

Krasnohrad (Kharkivska) 

Krasnopilka (Vinnytska) 

Krasnyj Luh (Luhanska) 

Krasnyje Okna (Odeska) 

Krasyliv (Khmelnytska) 

Kremenchuk (Poltavska) 

Kremenets (Ternopilska) 

Kriukiv (Poltavska) 

Krolevets (Sumska) 

Kryvyj Rih (Dnipropetrovska) 

Kryzhopil (Vinnytska) 

Ksaveriv (Zhytomyrska) 

Kublich (Vinnytska) 

Kujbyshevo (Khersonska) 

Kulykiv (Lvivska) 

Kupishche (Zhytomyrska) 

Kupyn (Khmelnytska) 

Kuty (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Kuzmyn (Khmelnytska) 

Kuznetsova (Mykolaivska) 

Kyiv (Kyivska) 

Kyselyn (Volynska) 

Kytaj Horod (Vinnytska) 

L 

Ladyzhyn (Vinnytska) 

Lanivtsi (Ternopilska) 

Leshchyn (Zhytomyrska) 

Letychiv (Khmelnytska) 

Lishnivka (Volynska) 

Lityn (Vinnytska) 

Liubar (Zhytomyrska) 

Liubashivka (Odeska) 

Liubin-Velykyj (Lvivska) 

Liuboml (Volynska) 

Liubomyrka (Zhytomyrska) 

Lobachivka (Volynska) 

Lokachi (Volynska) 

Lokhvytsia (Poltavska) 

Lopatyn (Lvivska) 

Lozova (Kharkivska) 

Lubny (Poltavska) 

Luchynets (Vinnytska) 

Luhansk (Luhanska) 

Luhiny (Zhytomyrska) 

Lutsk (Volynska) 

Lviv (Lvivska) 

Lvovo (Khersonska) 

Lypniazhka (Kirovohradska) 

Lypovets (Vinnytska) 

Lysets (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Lysianka (Cherkaska) 

Lysiatychi (Lvivska) 

M 

Majdan (Zakarpatska) 

Makariv (Kyivska) 

Makiivka (Donetska) 

Malyn (Zhytomyrska) 

Manevychi (Volynska) 

Mariivka (Mykolaivska) 

Mariupol (Donetska) 

Marjanivka (Zhytomyrska) 

Marynivka (Mykolaivska) 

Matkiv (Zakarpatska) 

Medvyn (Kyivska) 

81

Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska) 

Meleny (Zhytomyrska) 

Melitopol (Zaporizka) 

Melnytsia Podilska (Ternopilska) 

Mena (Chernihivska) 

Mizhhirja (Zakarpatska) 

Mizyakiv (Vinnytska) 

Mizych (Rivnenska) 

Mliiv (Cherkaska) 

Mlyniv (Rivnenska) 

Mohyliv-Podilskyj (Vinnytska) 

Molochansk (Zaporizka) 

Monastyryshche (Cherkaska) 

Monstyryska (Ternopilska) 

Mostove (Mykolaivska) 

Mostyska (Lvivska) 

Muhkachevo (Zakarpatska) 

Murafa (Vinnytska) 

Mykhajlivka (Khmelnytska) 

Mykhajlivka (Vinnytska) 

Mykhajlivka (Zaporizka) 

Mykolaiv (Lvivska) 

Mykolaiv (Mykolaivska) 

Mykolaivka (Mykolaivska) 

Mykolaivka-Novorosijska (Odeska) 

Mykulyntsi (Ternopilska) 

Myrhorod (Poltavska) 

Myrnyj (Zhytomyrska) 

Myropol (Zhytomyrska) 

N 

Nadvirna (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Nadyby (Lvivska) 

Narodychi (Zhytomyrska) 

Negrovets (Zakarpatska) 

Nekrasovo (Vinnytska) 

Nemyriv (Lvivska) 

Nevetlefalee (Diakovo) (Zakarpatska) 

Nikopol (Dnipropetrovska) 

Nizyn (Chernihivska) 

Nova Odesa (Mykolaivska) 

Nova Pryluka (Vinnytska) 

Nova Ushytsia (Khmelnytska) 

Nove Misto (Lvivska) 

Novhorodka (Kirovohradska) 

Novhorod Siverskyj (Chernihivska) 

Novi Strilyshcha (Lvivska) 

Novo-Basan (Chernihivska) 

Novo-Chortoryja (Zhytomyrska) 

Novo-Fastiv (Vinnytska) 

Novohrad-Volynskyj (Zhytomyrska) 

Novo-Labun (Khmelnytska) 

Novo-Mykolaivka (Mykolaivska) 

Novo-Pavlivka (Mykolaivska) 

Novo-Petrivka (Kirovohradska) 

Novo-Polonne (Khmelnytska) 

Novoselivka (Chernivetska) 

Novoselytsia (Zakarpatska) 

Novoselytsia (Chernivetska) 

Novo-Vorontsovka (Khersonska) 

Novoukrainka (Kirovohradska) 

Novo-Uman (Mykolaivska) 

Novozhytomyr (Dnipropetrovska) 

Novozhyvotiv (Vinnytska) 

Novo-Zlatopol (Zaporizka) 

Novyj Yarychiv (Lvivska) 

Nyzhnij Studenyj (Zakarpatska) 

Nyzhnij Veretskyj (Zakarpatska) 

Nyzhniv (Ivano-Frankivska) 

O 

Obertyn (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Obodivka (Vinnytska) 

Obukhiv (Kyivska) 

Ocheretuvate (Zaporizka) 

Odesa (Odeska) 

Okhtyrka (Sumska) 

Oleksandrija (Kirovohradska) 

Oleksandrija (Rivnenska) 

Oleksandrivka (Kirovohradska) 

Oleksandrivsk (Luhanska) 

Olesko (Lvivska) 

Olevsk (Zhytomyrska) 

Olhopil (Vinnytska) 

Olijevo-Korolivka (Ternopilska) 

Olyka (Volynska) 

Onok (Zakarpatska) 

Orativ (Vinnytska) 

Orikhiv (Zaporizka) 

Oster (Chernihivska) 

Ostroh (Rivnenska) 

Otynija (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Ovidiopil (Odeska) 

Ovruch (Zhytomyrska) 

Ozaryntsi (Vinnytska) 

Ozeriany (Volynska) 

Ozeriany (Rivnenska) 

Ozeriany (Ternopilska) 

Ozutychi (Volynska) 

P 

Pavoloch (Zhytomyrska) 

Pechenizhyn (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Pechora (Vinnytska) 

Perejaslav-Khmelnytskyj (Kyivska) 

Perelety (Odeska) 

Peremyshliany (Lvivska) 

Pervomajsk (Mykolaivska) 

Pidhajtsi (Ternopilska) 

Pishchanka (Vinnytska) 

Pjatka (Zhytomyrska) 

Pjatyhory (Kyivska) 

Plebanivka (Ternopilska) 

Pliskiv (Vinnytska) 

82

Pnivno (Volynska) 

Pochaiv (Ternopilska) 

Pohrebyshche (Vinnytska) 

Polohy (Zaporizka) 

Polonne (Khmelnytska) 

Poltava (Poltavska) 

Pomoriany (Lvivska) 

Pomortsi (Ternopilska) 

Popovtsi (Vinnytska) 

Porichchia (Mykolaivska) 

Povchyno (Zhytomyrska) 

Prijutnoje (Zaporizka) 

Probizna (Ternopilska) 

Prokhorovnia (Rivnenska) 

Pryluky (Chernihivska) 

Pryslup (Zakarpatska) 

Putyla (Chernivetska) 

Putyvl (Sumska) 

Pylypets (Zakarpatska) 

Pyriatyn (Poltavska) 

R 

Rachnyj-Lisiv (Vinnytska) 

Radekhiv (Lvivska) 

Radomysl (Zhytomyrska) 

Radyvyliv (Rivnenska) 

Rafalivka (Rivnenska) 

Rajhorod (Vinnytska) 

Rajhorodok (Zhytomyrska) 

Rakhiv (Zakarpatska) 

Rava-Ruska (Lvivska) 

Reni (Odeska) 

Ripky (Chernihivska) 

Rivne (Rivnenska) 

Rohachiv (Zhytomyrska) 

Rohatyn (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Rokosiv (Zakarpatska) 

Romanivka (Mykolaivska) 

Romny (Sumska) 

Rotmistrivka (Cherkaska) 

Rozdil (Lvivska) 

Rozhiv (Kyivska) 

Rozhniativ (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Rozhyshche (Volynska) 

Rudky (Lvivska) 

Ruzhyn (Zhytomyrska) 

Rzhyshchiv (Kyivska) 

S 

Sadhora (Chernivetska) 

Sakhnovshchyna (Kharkivska) 

Sambir (Lvivska) 

Samhorodok (Vinnytska) 

Sarata (Odeska) 

Sarny (Rivnenska) 

Sasiv (Lvivska) 

Sasivka (Zakarpatska) 

Sataniv (Khmelnytska) 

Savran (Odeska) 

Seliatyn (Chernivetska) 

Semenivka (Chernihivska) 

Semenivka (Poltavska) 

Serednia Buda (Sumska) 

Sevastopol (Krymska) 

Sharhorod (Vinnytska) 

Shchors (Chernihivska) 

Shchyrets (Lvivska) 

Shepetivka (Khmelnytska) 

Shostka (Sumska) 

Shpola (Cherkaska) 

Shpykiv (Vinnytska) 

Shyshkivtsi (Chernivetska) 

Shumsk (Ternopilska) 

Simferopol (Krymska) 

Skala Podilska (Ternopilska) 

Skalat (Ternopilska) 

Skelivka (Lvivska) 

Skhidnytsia (Lvivska) 

Skole (Lvivska) 

Skvira (Kyivska) 

Slava (Mykolaivska) 

Slavyansk (Donetska) 

Slavuta (Khmelnytska) 

Slovichno (Zhytomyrska) 

Smila (Cherkaska) 

Sniatyn (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Sokal (Lvivska) 

Sokolivka -Justingrad (Lvivska) 

Sokil (Volynska) 

Sokolivka (Cherkaska) 

Sokyrnytsia (Zakarpatska) 

Sokyriany (Chernivetska) 

Solobkovtsi (Khmelnytska) 

Solotvyno (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Solotvyno (Zakarpatska) 

Soniashne (Vinnytska) 

Sorokotiaha (Cherkaska) 

Sosnove (Rivnenska) 

Sosnytsia (Chernihivska) 

Spichentsi (Vinnytska) 

Stanislavchyk (Vinnytska) 

Stara Kotelnia (Zhytomyrska) 

Stara Pryluka (Vinnytska) 

Stara Rafalivka (Rivnenska) 

Stara Sil (Lvivska) 

Stara Syniava (Khmelnytska) 

Stara Ulianivka (Kirovohradska) 

Starokostiantyniv (Khmelnytska) 

Staro-Zakrevskyj Majdan (Khmelnytska) 

Staryj Chartoryjsk (Volynska) 

Staryj Sambir (Lvivska) 

Staryj Vyshnevets (Ternopilska) 

Stavyshche (Kyivska) 

Stepan (Rivnenska) 

83

Storozhynets (Chernivetska) 

Strusiv (Ternopilska) 

Stryj (Lvivska) 

Stryzhavka (Vinnytska) 

Sudova Vyshnia (Lvivska) 

Sudylkiv (Khmelnytska) 

Sukha Balka (Mykolaivska) 

Sukhovolia (Zhytomyrska) 

Sumy (Sumska) 

Supyn (Kyivska) 

Svirzh (Lvivska) 

Svitlovodsk (Kirovohradska) 

Synevir (Zakarpatska) 

T 

Talalaivka (Cherkaska) 

Talne (Cherkaska) 

Talne (Kyivska) 

Tarashcha (Kyivska) 

Tarasivka (Vinnytska) 

Tarutino (Odeska) 

Tatarbunary (Odeska) 

Tekehaza (Zakarpatska) 

Teplyk (Vinnytska) 

Terebovlia (Ternopilska) 

Terlytsia (Cherkaska) 

Ternivka (Vinnytska) 

Ternopil (Ternopilska ) 

Ternova Balka (Kirovohradska) 

Tetiiv (Kyivska) 

Tiachiv (Zakarpatska) 

Tlumach (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Tokmak (Zaporizka) 

Tomashpil (Vinnytska) 

Toporiv (Lvivska) 

Torchyn (Volynska) 

Torhovytsia (Kirovohradska) 

Torkiv (Vinnytska) 

Tovste (Ternopilska) 

Trojaniv (Zhytomyrska) 

Trojanivka (Volynska) 

Trostianets (Vinnytska) 

Trypilla (Kyivska) 

Tsminy (Volynska) 

Tuchyn (Rivnenska) 

Tulchyn (Vinnytska) 

Tulyholovo (Sumska) 

Turivsk (Volynska) 

Turka (Lvivska) 

Tysmennytsia (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Tyvriv (Vinnytska) 

U 

Uhniv (Lvivska) 

Ulaniv (Vinnytska) 

Uman (Cherkaska) 

Ustie (Ternopilska) 

Ustiluh (Volynska) 

Ustynivka (Kirovohradska) 

Uzhhorod (Zakarpatska) 

V 

V. Annopil (Khmelnytska) 

V. Anno-Pokrovka (Odeska) 

V. Balala jchuk (Odeska) 

V. Bereziv Nyhnij (Zakarpatska) 

V. Berezova Rudka (Poltavska) 

V. Bobovo (Zakarpatska) 

V. Borivka (Vinnytska) 

V. Borshchi (Odeska) 

V. Brushintsi (Khersonska) 

V. Chankiv (Khmelnytska) 

V. Chkalovo (Khersonska) 

V. Chukiv (Vinnytska) 

V. Chumalevo (Zakarpatska) 

V. Dashiv (Vinnytska) 

V. Demjanivtsi (Khmelnytska) 

V. Demshyn (Khmelnytska) 

V. Dragovo (Zakarpatska) 

V. Honorata (Odeska) 

V. Ilnycia (Zakarpatska) 

V. Ivanivka (Odeska) 

V. Ivnytsia (Zhytomyrska) 

V. Kalininske (Khersonska) 

V. Kilikiiv (Khmelnytska) 

V. Kodnia (Zhytomyrska) 

V. Kolodianka (Zhytomyrska) 

V. Kolodiivka (Khmelnytska) 

V. Korchyk (Khmelnytska) 

V. Koshelvo (Zakarpatska) 

V. Krasnostav (Khmelnytska) 

V. Krutne (Odeska) 

V. Krynychanka (Khersonska) 

V. Kurinivka (Vinnytska) 

V. Kutky (Khmelnytska) 

V. Losypivka (Kirovohradska) 

V. Mala Semenukha (Khersonska) 

V. Manevychi (Volynska) 

V. Manivtsi (Khmelnytska) 

V. Markovo (Kirovohradska) 

V. Matijkiv (Vinnytska) 

V. Melnytsia (Volynska) 

V. Mezhyriv (Vinnytska) 

V. Miziakiv (Vinnytska) 

V. Muravytsia (Rivnenska) 

V. Nankovo (Zakarpatska) 

V. Norinsk (Zhytomyrska) 

V. Nove Selo (Zakarpatska) 

V. Novi Velednyky (Zhytomyrska) 

V. Novo-Chartoryja (Zhytomyrska) 

V. Novo-Kotelnia (Zhytomyrska) 

V. Nyzhnie Selyshche (Zakarpatska) 

V. Oleksandrivka (Zakarpatska) 

V. Ostrozhets (Rivnenska) 

84

V. Pavlinka (Odeska) 

V. Pishchana (Odeska) 

V. Radianske (Zhytomyrska) 

V. Rosolivtsi (Khmelnytska) 

V. Sednivka (Kirovohradska) 

V. Senkevychivka (Volynska) 

V. Silets (Volynska) 

V. Severynivka (Odeska) 

V. Sofiivka (Odeska) 

V. Sokoliv (Zhytomyrska 

V. Stanislavchyk (Vinnytska) 

V. Stara Ushytsia (Khmelnytska) 

V. Stariy Chartoriysk (Volynska) 

V. Staryj Kryvyn (Khmelnytska) 

V. Torhovytsia (Rivnenska) 

V. Torun (Zakarpatska) 

V. Trojaniv (Zhytomyrska) 

V. Ushomyr (Zhytomyrska) 

V. Veliatyn (Zakarpatska) 

V. Vynohradne (Odeska) 

V. Vyshkiv (Zakarpatska) 

V. Yaltushkiv (Vinnytska) 

V. Yarmolyntsi (Khmelnytska) 

V. Yarun (Zhytomyrska) 

V. Zahnitkiv (Odeska) 

V. Zarichanka (Khmelnytska) 

V. Zelena Dibrova (Cherkaska) 

V. Zhuravnyky (Volynska) 

V. Zhovtneve (Khmelnytska) 

Vachnivka (Vinnytska) 

Vapniarka (Vinnytska) 

Varjazh (Lvivska) 

Varkovychi (Rivnenska) 

Varvarivka (Zhytomyrska) 

Vashkivtsi (Chernivetska) 

Vasylkiv (Kyivska) 

Vcherajshe (Zhytomyrska) 

Velyka Kilhajlivka (Zaporizka) 

Velyka Kosnytsia (Vinnytska) 

Velyka Pysarivka (Sumska) 

Velyka Znamianka (Zaporizka) 

Velyki Komiaty (Zakarpatska) 

Velyki Kopany (Zakarpatska) 

Velyki Mezhyrichi (Rivnenska) 

Velyki Mosty (Lvivska) 

Velykyj Byshiv (Zakarpatska) 

Velykyj Dalnyk (Odeska) 

Velykyj Zhvanchyk (Khmelnytska) 

Verba (Rivnenska) 

Verbovets (Zakarpatska) 

Verbovets (Vinnytska) 

Verkhivnia (Zhytomyrska) 

Verkhnia Bystra (Zakarpatska) 

Vesele (Mykolaivska) 

Viktorivka (Mykolaivska) 

Vilok (Zakarpatska) 

Vilsk (Zhytomyrska) 

Vinnytsia (Vinnytska) 

Vojnyliv (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Volkovyntsi (Khmelnytska) 

Volodarka (Kyivska) 

Volodarsk-Volynskyj (Zhytomyrska) 

Volodymyrets (Rivnenska) 

Volodymyr Volynskyj (Volynska) 

Volokitino (Sumska) 

Vorone (Cherkaska) 

Voronovytsia (Vinnytska) 

Voznesensk (Mykolaivska) 

Vuzlove (Lvivska) 

Vybranivka (Lvivska) 

Vynohradiv (Zakarpatska) 

Vyshnevets (Ternopilska) 

Vysokopillia (Khersonska) 

Vysotsk (Rivnenska) 

Vyzhnytsia (Chernivetska) 

Vzazivka (Zhytomyrska) 

Y 

Yahotyn (Kyivska) 

Yakushyntsi (Vinnytska) 

Yalta (Krymska) 

Yampil (Vinnytska) 

Yaniv (Lvivska) 

Yaromel (Volynska) 

Yaruha (Vinnytska) 

Yaseniv Polnyj (Zakarpatska) 

Yasinovo (Odeska) 

Yasnohorodka (Kyivska) 

Yastrybunove (Mykolaivska) 

Yavoriv (Lvivska) 

Yenakieve (Donetska) 

Yosypivka (Zhytomyrska) 

Yulivtsi (Zakarpatska) 

Z 

Zabolotiv (Ivano-Frankivska) 

Zalishchyky (Ternopilska) 

Zaporizhzha (Zaporizka) 

Zarudyntsi (Vinnytska) 

Zastavna (Chernivetska) 

Zbarazh (Ternopilska) 

Zdolbuniv (Rivnenska) 

Zelenyj Yar (Mykolaivska) 

Zhabokrychi (Vinnytska) 

Zhashkiv (Cherkaska) 

Zhezheliv (Vinnytska) 

Zhmerynka (Vinnytska) 

Zhornyshche (Vinnytska) 

Zhovkva (Lvivska) 

Zhovtneve (Mykolaivska) 

Zhuravno (Lvivska) 

Zhydachiv (Lvivska) 

Zhytomyr (Zhytomyrska) 

Zinkiv (Khmelnytska) 

85

Zinkiv (Poltavska) 

Znamianka (Kirovohradska) 

Zolochiv (Lvivska) 

Zolotonosha (Cherkaska) 

Zolotyj Potik (Ternopilska) 

Zoziv (Vinnytska) 

Zvenyhorodka (Cherkaska) 

86

Appendix II: Synagogues and Former Synagogues in Ukraine 

Identification of synagogues and former synagogues was not a primary purpose of the commission 

cemetery and mass grave survey. However, during the course of the survey information was 

collected from various sources about surviving synagogue buildings in Ukraine. This useful 

information has been collated here. The information has been confirmed whenever possible, but 

some of the synagogues listed may no longer exist or maybe listed under more than one name. Since 

conditions change over the years, the condition and use of the some of these synagogues may now be 

different from when this list was compiled. The list includes synagogues, study houses (bet hamidrash) 

and occasionally some other Jewish religious or community buildings. 

Oblast 

(Region) 

Town 

Name of Synagogue or 

Jewish building 

Current Use 

Date of 

construction 

Material 

Cherkaska Cherkasy Craftsmen’s Residence Masonry 

Cherkaska Cherkasy Shklovsy Residence Masonry 

Cherkaska Kaniv Masonry 

Cherkaska Rotmistrivka Masonry 

Cherkaska Shpola Masonry 

Cherkaska Smila Masonry 

Cherkaska Talne Masonry 

Cherkaska Uman Uman I Factory 18 th C. Masonry 

Cherkaska Uman Uman II Driving school Masonry 

Cherkaska Uman Bet ha-Midrash School Masonry 

Cherkaska Uman Heder (school) Offices Masonry 

Cherkaska Uman Rabbi’s house Technical school Masonry 

Cherkaska Uman Uman VI 

Cafe, office 

building 

Masonry 

Cherkaska Zolotonosha Masonry 

Cherkaska Zvenyhorodka Masonry 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Bet Tfila Benjamin Synagogue 1923-28 Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Bet Meyer Residence Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Rabbi Bolner Office building Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Choral Synagogue Sports hall Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Hevra Tihillim Church 19 th C. Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Kadoshim Theater Masonry 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Kiol Ereim Store Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Lutinger Office building Masonry 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Rabbi Rabinowicz Residence 20 th C., early Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Rabbi Schulsinger Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Salagurskaya Residence Masonry 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Shoarei Sulaim Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Rabbi Rager Residence 1853 Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Tempel Cinema 1873-1878 Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Two Cemetery Chapels 20 th C., early Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Chernivtsi XVII Factory 19 th C., early Brick 

Chernivetska Chernivtsi Tzadikim Synagogue Factory 19 th C., late Brick 

87

Oblast 

(Region) 

Town 



Current Use 

Date of 

construction 

Material 

Chernivetska Hertsa 19 th C. Masonry 

Chernivetska Khotyn 19 th C. Masonry 

Chernivetska Novoselytsia 19 th C. Masonry 

Chernivetska Sadhora Great Factory 19 th C., early ? Masonry 

Chernivetska 

Sadhora 

New Bet ha-Midrash 

Ruins 1860-s – 80s Brick 

(Kloiz) of Rabbi Friedman 

Chernivetska Seliatyn Ruins 1930s Brick 

Chernivetska Storozhynets Sports Club (1994) 20 th C. Masonry 

Chernivetska Vashkivtsi 19 th C. Masonry 

Chernivetska Vyzhnytsia Vyzhnytsia I Steam plant 20 th C., early Brick 

Chernivetska Vyzhnytsia Vyzhnytsia II Cinema 19 th C. Brick 

Chernivetska Vyzhnytsia Vyzhnytsia III Club 20 th C., early Brick 

Chernivetska Vyzhnytsia Vyzhnytsia IV Sports hall 20 th C., early Brick 

Chernivetska Zastavna Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Ashkenazi Residence 19 th C., late Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Bet ha-Midrash 19 th C., late Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Bet ha-Midrash Sports hall 1852 Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Heder(school) School Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Golden Rose / Choral Synagogue 1837-52 Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska 

Dnipropetrovsk 

Jewish Community 

Building 

Music school 

Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Paley Residence Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Soldiers’ Shop Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Bet Ya’akov Residence Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Derech Tfila Office building 19 th C. Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Oigel Matitiyahu Residence 19 th C., late Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Mishkan David Residence 19 th C., late Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Dnipropetrovsk XIII Residence 19 th C., late Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk Talmud Torah Health center Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Inhulets Masonry 

Dnipropetrovska Novozhytomyr 20 th C., early Masonry 

Donetska Donetsk Donetsk I Synagogue Masonry 

Donetska Donetsk Donetsk II Masonry 

Donetska Donetsk Donetsk III Masonry 

Donetska Donetsk Donetsk IV Masonry 

Donetska Donetsk Donetsk V Masonry 

Donetska Donetsk Donetsk VI Masonry 

Donetska Horlivka Masonry 

Donetska Mariupol Sports hall Masonry 

Donetska Slavjansk Masonry 

Donetska Yenakieve Office building Masonry 

Ivano-Frankivska Bilshivtsi Cinema 19 th C. Masonry 

Ivano-Frankivska Bolekhiv Club 20 th C., early Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Broshniv 1931 Masonry 

Ivano-Frankivska Bukachivtsi 

Masonry 

88

Oblast 

(Region) 

Town 



89 

Current Use 

Date of 

construction 

Material 

Ivano-Frankivska Burshtyn 19 th C. Masonry 

Ivano-Frankivska Chernylytsia Warehouse Masonry 

Ivano-Frankivska Dolyna Church 1925 Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Halych Halych I Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Halych Halych II Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Halych Halych III Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Horodenka Sports hall 19 th C. (?) Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Ivano-Frankivsk Tempel Synagogue 1893-99 Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Kolomyja Bet ha-Midrash Workshop Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Kolomyja 

Kosover, Wizhnitzer, 

Schneideresche 

Workshop 

Ivano-Frankivska Kolomyja Yerushalayim Synagogue Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Kosiv 19th C., late Masonry 

Ivano-Frankivska Rohatyn Rohatyn I Workshop 19 th C. Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Rohatyn Rohatyn II Hostel 19 th C. Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Sniatyn Workshop 1930s Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Solotvyno 

Workshop / 

warehouse 

Brick 

19 th C. Brick 

Ivano-Frankivska Zabolotiv Canteen 19 th C. Masonry 

Kharkivska Kharkiv Chebotaev Police Station Masonry 

Kharkivska Kharkiv Mordvinovsky Observatory Masonry 

Kharkivska Kharkiv Choral Synagogue 

Synagogue (Bet 

Menachem) 

1909-14 Masonry 

Khersonska Beryslav 19 th C., early Masonry 

Khersonska Bobrovyj Kut Bobrovyj Kut I Masonry 

Khersonska Bobrovyj Kut Bobrovyj Kut II Masonry 

Khersonska Mala Semenukha School Masonry 

Khersonska 

V. Kalininske 

(formerly Velyka 

Semenukha) 

20th C., early 

Masonry 

Khersonska Kherson 20th C., early Masonry 

Khmelnytska Chemerivtsi 19 th C. ? Masonry 

Khmelnytska 

Hvardijske (formerly 

Felshtyn) 


Masonry 

Khmelnytska Khmelnytskyj Khmelnytskyj I 19 th C. Masonry 

Khmelnytska Khmelnytskyj Khmelnytskyj II 19 th C. Masonry 

Khmelnytska Iziaslav Iziaslav I Furniture Factory 19 th C. Masonry 

Khmelnytska Iziaslav Iziaslav II 19 th C. Masonry 

Khmelnytska Iziaslav Iziaslav III 19 th C. Masonry 

Khmelnytska Iziaslav Iziaslav IV 19 th C. Masonry 

Khmelnytska Kamjanets-Podilskyj Bet ha-Midrash Restaurant 20 th C. Brick 

Khmelnytska Kupyn Kupyn I Warehouse 19 th C., early Masonry 

Khmelnytska Kupyn Kupyn II Prayer house 

Khmelnytska Kuzmyn Warehouse 19 th C., early Masonry 

Khmelnytska Letychiv Letychiv I 19 th C. Masonry 

Khmelnytska Letychiv Letychiv II 19 th C. Masonry

Oblast 

(Region) 

Town 



90 

Current Use 

Date of 

construction 

Material 

Khmelnytska Medzhybizh Medzhybizh I Fire Station 19 th C. Masonry 

Khmelnytska Medzhybizh Medzhybizh II Masonry 

Khmelnytska Mykhajlivka Office building Masonry 

Khmelnytska Nova Ushytsia 18 th -19 th C. Masonry 

Khmelnytska Polonne Choral Synagogue Office building Masonry 

Khmelnytska Polonne Polonne II Club Masonry 

Khmelnytska Sataniv Warehouse 18 th C. Masonry 

Khmelnytska 

Shepetivka 

Sports center, one 

room given to 

Jewish community 

in 1991 

Khmelnytska Slavuta Synagogue Brick 

Masonry 

Khmelnytska Solobkovtsi 19 th C. Masonry 

Khmelnytska Stara Syniava 19 th C., late Masonry 

Khmelnytska Starokostiantyniv School with synagogue Masonry 

Khmelnytska Starokostiantyniv Bathhouse Masonry 

Khmelnytska Sudylkiv Masonry 

Khmelnytska 

Khmelnytska 

Khmelnytska 

Zinkiv 



House and Bet ha- 

Midrash (kloiz) of Haim 

Heshel 

Bet ha-Midrash (kloiz) of 

Moshe Heshel 

Bet ha-Midrash (kloiz) of 

Pinhas Heshel 

19 th C. Masonry 



Masonry 

Masonry 

Khmelnytska Zinkiv Zinkiv IV Masonry 

Kirovohradska Oleksandrija Masonry 

Kirovohradska Kirovohrad Bet ha-Midrash Masonry 

Kirovohradska Kirovohrad Kirovohrad II Sports complex 19 th C. Masonry 

Kirovohradska Kirovohrad Permska Bakery Masonry 

Kirovohradska Kirovohrad Kirovohrad IV Theatre 

Kirovohradska Kirovohrad Kirovohrad V Synagogue Brick 

Krymska Kerch Synagogue Masonry 

Krymska Sevastopol Karaite 1896-1908 Masonry 

Krymska Simferopol Karaite Masonry 

Krymska Simferopol Ner Tamid Masonry 

Krymska Simferopol Simferopol III Masonry 

Kyivska Bila Tserkva Bila Tserkva I Residence Masonry 

Kyivska Bila Tserkva Bila Tserkva II Residence Masonry 

Kyivska Bila Tserkva Craftsmen’s Factory Masonry 

Kyivska Bila Tserkva Bet ha-Midrash Sport school Masonry 

Kyivska Bila Tserkva Great Synagogue 

Technical school 

until 1993 

Masonry 

Kyivska Bila Tserkva Merchants’ Medical school Masonry 

Kyivska Kyiv Karaite Club 19 th C., late Brick 

Kyivska 

Kyiv 

Baryshpolskis (Synagogue 

in Demievka) 

Masonry 

Kyivska Kyiv Soldiers-Craftsmen & Masonry

Oblast 

(Region) 

Town 



Chernobylski 

Current Use 

Date of 

construction 

Material 

Kyivska Kyiv Gornostaypolski Masonry 

Kyivska Kyiv Ashkenazim Masonry 

Kyivska Kyiv Sha’arei Zion Masonry 

Kyivska 

Kyiv 

Bet Yaakov (Galician 

Landsmanschaft) 

Masonry 

Kyivska Kyiv Merchants’ Masonry 

Kyivska Kyiv Brodsky Choral (Great) Synagogue Brick 

Kyivska 

Kyivska 

Kyiv 

Perejaslav- 

Khmelnytskyj 

Shchekavitskaya St. 

(Podol) 

Synagogue 

Office building 

Masonry 

Masonry 

Kyivska Supyn Great Synagogue Masonry 

Kyivska Vasylkiv Masonry 

Luhanska Alchevsk Bet ha-Midrash 

Luhanska Oleksandrivsk Oleksandrivsk I Masonry 

Luhanska Oleksandrivsk Oleksandrivsk II Masonry 

Luhanska Oleksandrivsk Ole ksandrivsk III Masonry 

Luhanska Ivanivka Masonry 

Luhanska Kadiivka Bet ha-Midrash Masonry 

Luhanska Krasnyj Luh Bet ha-Midrash Masonry 

Luhanska Luhansk Heder (school) Office building Masonry 

Luhanska Luhansk Jewish infirmary Office building Masonry 

Luhanska Luhansk Bet ha-Midrash Prayer house Masonry 

Luhanska 

Luhansk 

Bet Menachem 

Synagogue 

Luhanska Luhansk Rohr Synagogue 

Under 

construction 

(2004) 

Masonry 

Masonry 

Luhanska Luhansk Pervomaisk Synagogue Masonry 

Lvivska Bibrka Bibrka I Workshop Brick 

Lvivska Bibrka Bibrka II Workshop Brick 

Lvivska Brody The Great Synagogue Ruins 1742 Brick 

Lvivska Brody Brody II Brick 

Lvivska Busk Warehouse 19 th C., late Brick 

Lvivska Drohobych Oseh Hesed Sports hall 1909 Brick 

Lvivska Drohobych Bet Yosef 19 th C., late Brick 

Lvivska Drohobych Choral Synagogue 

Lvivska 

Lvivska 

Lvivska 

Lvivska 

Drohobych 

Drohobych 

Drohobych 

Drohobych 

Bet ha-Midrash Hevra 

Kadoshim (?) 

Bet ha-Midrah (kloiz) of 

Ishrei Lev (?) 

Old Bet ha-Midrash “Na 

Lanie” 

Synagogue in Old-age 

House 

Abandoned, now 

under restoration 

1847-1865 Masonry 

Brick 

19 th C. Bric k 

Bakery 18 th C. Brick 

19 th C., late Brick 

91

Oblast 

(Region) 

Town 



92 

Current Use 

Date of 

construction 

Lvivska Drohobych Synagogue in Orphanage 1913 Brick 

Material 

Lvivska Khyriv Khyriv I Warehouse 19 th C. Masonry 

Lvivska Khyriv Khyriv II Warehouse 19 th C. Masonry 

Lvivska Komarno Masonry 

Lvivska Krakovets Factory 18 th –19 th C. Brick 

Lvivska Lviv Bet Tsvi Zeev 1905 Brick 

Lvivska 

Lviv 

Hevra Kadisha Melekhet 

Hanokh ve-Agudat 

Mordkhe May 

1922 Brick 

Lvivska Lviv Kol Rina Viy’shua 1905 Brick 

Lvivska Lviv Shomrei Shabbat 1870 Brick 

Lvivska 

Lvivska 

Lviv 

Lviv 

Yankl Glanzer Shul 

(Hasidic) 

TaZ (David ben Samuel 

ha-Levi, Golden Rose) 

Jewish club 

1829 

(1799-1801)? 

Brick 

Protected ruins 1582 Brick 

Lvivska Lviv Hevra Tsori Gilod Synagogue 1924 Brick 

Lvivska Lviv Lviv VIII Brick 

Lvivska Lopatyn Brick 

Lvivska Maheriv Brick 

Lvivska Mostyska Residence Brick 

Lvivska Nadyby Brick 

Lvivska Nemyriv Nemyriv I 19 th C., late Masonry 

Lvivska Nemyriv Nemyriv II 19 th C. Brick 

Lvivska Nemyriv Nemyriv III 19 th C. Stone 

Lvivska Novi Strilyshcha Brick 

Lvivska Olesko Brick 

Lvivska Radekhiv Workshop 19 th C., early Brick 

Lvivska Rozdil 

19 th C., late – 20 th 

C., early 

Brick 

Lvivska Rudky Warehouse 18 th C. (?) Brick 

Lvivska Sambir Sambir I Warehouse 1730 Brick 

Lvivska Sambir Sambir II Workshop Brick 

Lvivska Sambir Sambir III Brick 

Lvivska Skhidnytsia 19 th C., late Wood 

Lvivska Skelivka Brick 

Lvivska Sokal Sokal I Ruins 18 th C. Brick 

Lvivska Sokal Sokal II 20 th C., early Brick 

Lvivska Staryj Sambir Hasidic None 18 th C. Brick 

Lvivska Stryj Stryj II Ruins 19 th C., early Brick 

Lvivska Stryj Stryj II Office building 19 th C., early Brick 

Lvivska Tartakiv Brick 

Lvivska Toporiv Shop & warehouse Brick 

Lvivska Turka Workshop 1930s Brick 

Lvivska Uhniv Uhniv I Office building Brick 

Lvivska Uhniv Uhniv II Brick 

Lvivska Velyki Mosty Ruins 19 th C. Brick

Oblast 

(Region) 

Town 

Lvivska Zhovkva Great 



93 

Current Use 

In process of 

restoration for 

museum 

Date of 

construction 

1692 Brick 

Material 

Mykolaivska Bereznehuvate 19th C., late Masonry 

Mykolaivska Mykolaiv Hatter Residence Masonry 

Mykolaivska Mykolaiv Hiberman Residence Masonry 

Mykolaivska Mykolaiv Bet ha-Midrash Shop Masonry 

Mykolaivska Mykolaiv Privozaya Theater Masonry 

Mykolaivska Mykolaiv Mershinskaya Residence Masonry 

Mykolaivska Mykolaiv Moisealito Residence Masonry 

Mykolaivska 

Mykolaiv 

Synagogue of Lithuanian 

Jews 

Industrial 

Masonry 

Mykolaivska Nova Odesa 20th C., early Masonry 

Mykolaivska Pervomajsk Pervomajsk I Masonry 

Mykolaivska Pervomajsk Pervomajsk II Masonry 

Mykolaivska Romanivka Great Synagogue 19 th C. Masonry 

Mykolaivska Romanivka Small Synagogue 19 th C. Masonry 

Odeska 

Odeska 

Odeska 

Bilhorod- 

Dnistrovskyj 

Bilhorod- 

Dnistrovskyj 

Bilhorod- 

Dnistrovskyj 

Bet ha-Midrash Sports hall Masonry 

Great Synagogue Synagogue Masonry 

Bet ha-Midrash (Kloiz) Sports hall Masonry 

Odeska Odesa Choral Synagogue Synagogue 19 th C. Masonry 

Odeska Odesa Brodska 1840 Masonry 

Odeska Odesa Odesa III 19 th C. Masonry 

Odeska Odesa Odesa IV 19 th C. Masonry 

Odeska Odesa Odesa V 19 th C. Masonry 

Poltava Kremenchuk Synagogue 2005 (opened) Masonry 

Poltavska Poltava Choral Synagogue 1856 Masonry 

Poltavska Poltava Hospital Synagogue 19 th C. Masonry 

Poltavska Poltava Shabbat 19 th C. Masonry 

Poltavska Poltava Poltava IV Shelter 19 th C. Masonry 

Poltavska Poltava Soldier’s 19 th C., late Masonry 

Poltavska 

Poltava 

Synagogue in old-age 

home 


Poltavska Poltava Poltava VII 19 th C. Masonry 

Poltavska Poltava Poltava VIII 19 th C. Masonry 

Rivnenska Berezno 19 th C. Masonry 

Rivnenska 

Radyvyliv 

(formerly 

Chervonoarmijsk) 

Cinema 

Rivnenska Dubno Dubno I 1782-1784 Brick 

Masonry 

Rivnenska Dubno Dubno II Masonry 

Rivnenska Klevan Masonry 

Rivnenska Mlyniv Masonry 

Rivnenska Ostroh MaHaRShA, (Edels, 1620s Brick, Stone

Oblast 

(Region) 

Town 



Samuel Eliezer) 

94 

Current Use 

Date of 

construction 

Material 

Rivnenska Radyvyliv Masonry 

Rivnenska 

Rivne 


center 

Masonry 

Rivnenska Rivne Masonry 

Rivnenska Rivne Great Synagogue Warehouse Masonry 

Rivnenska Verba 20 th C. Masonry 

Ternopilska Berezhany Ruins 1712 Brick 

Ternopilska Buchach Buchach I 

Residence & 

warehouse 


Ternopilska Buchach Buchach II Ruins Brick 

Ternopilska Chortkiv Chortkiv I Empty 1771 Brick, Stone 

Ternopilska 

Chortkiv 

R. Friedman's (Synagogue 

and palace of the 

Friedmans, a Hasidic 

dynasty of Sadhora) 

Youth technical 

club 

20 th C., early Brick 

Ternopilska Hrymajliv Ruins 18 th C. Masonry 

Ternopilska Husiatyn Museum 17 th C. Stone, brick 

Ternopilska Kopychyntsi 19 th C., late Masonry 

Ternopilska Kremenets Masonry 

Ternopilska Monastyryska 19 th C. Masonry 

Ternopilska Pidhajtsi Warehouse 17 th C., early Stone 

Ternopilska Probizhna Ruins (1994) Masonry 

Ternopilska Skala-Podilska Skala-Podilska I Residence 1920s Brick, wood 

Ternopilska Skala-Podilska Skala-Podilska II Workshop Stone 

Ternopilska Skalat Ruins Masonry 

Ternopilska Strusiv Workshop Masonry 

Ternopilska Terebovlia Masonry 

Ternopilska Ternopil Ternopil I Residence Masonry 

Ternopilska Ternopil Ternopil II Workshop Masonry 

Ternopilska Ternopil Bet Tfila Masonry 

Ternopilska Vyshnevets Town Hall 20 th C. Masonry 

Ternopilska Zalishchyky Steam heat plant 1930s ? Masonry 

Ternopilska Zbarazh Factory 18 th C. Brick 

Vinnytska Bershad Synagogue 19 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Brailiv Brailiv I Workshop 19 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Brailiv Brailiv II Workshop 19 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Chechelnyk Ruins 18 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Chernivtsi Synagogue 19 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Dzhuryn Masonry 

Vinnytska Illintsi Bet ha-Midrash Veterinary office Masonry 

Vinnytska Illintsi Mikvah (ritual bath) Factory Masonry 

Vinnytska Illintsi Illintsi III Furniture factory 18 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Illintsi Illintsi IV Workshop 19 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Komarhorod Komarhorod I Masonry 

Vinnytska Komarhorod Komarhorod II Masonry

Oblast 

(Region) 

Town 



95 

Current Use 

Date of 

construction 

Material 

Vinnytska Khmilnyk Hospital Masonry 

Vinnytska Kopajhorod Masonry 

Vinnytska 

Mohyliv-Podilskyj 

Baptist Church 

(1992) 


Vinnytska Murafa Bet ha-Midrash (kloiz) Masonry 

Vinnytska Ozaryntsi Ruins 20 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Pishchanka Pishchanka I 18 th –19 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Pishchanka Pishchanka II 18 th –19 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Pishchanka Pishchanka III 18 th –19 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Pishchanka Pishchanka IV 20 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Sharhorod Sharhorod I Museum 18 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Sharhorod Sharhorod II Workshop (1994) 16 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Stanislavchyk Masonry 

Vinnytska Trostianets Masonry 

Vinnytska Tulchyn 20 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Vapniarka Masonry 

Vinnytska Verbovets Masonry 

Vinnytska Vinnytsia Vinnytsia I Masonry 

Vinnytska Vinnytsia Vinnytsia II Masonry 

Vinnytska Vinnytsia Vinnytsia III Masonry 

Vinnytska Vinnytsia Vinnytsia IV 

Synagogue and 


center 

Masonry 

Vinnytska Vinnytsia Vinnytsia V Musical Society 19 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Zhabokrych Masonry 

Vinnytska Zhmerynka Zhmerynka I 20 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Zhmerynka Zhmerynka II 20 th C. Masonry 

Vinnytska Zhmerynka Zhmerynka III 20 th C. Masonry 

Volynska Berestechko None 17 th C. Brick 

Volynska Kovel Factory Masonry 

Volynska Lutsk Lutsk I Masonry 

Volynska Lutsk Lutsk II Masonry 

Volynska Lutsk Lutsk III Masonry 

Volynska Lutsk Lutsk IV Masonry 

Volynska Lutsk Lutsk V Sports hall 1626-1628 Brick 

Volynska Turivsk Masonry 

Zakarpatska Ataky Masonry 

Zakarpatska Berehovo Synagogue 18 th C. Brick 

Zakarpatska Khust Khust I None 18 th C. Masonry 

Zakarpatska Khust Khust II Synagogue Brick 

Zakarpatska 

Zakarpatska 

Mukachevo 

Rakhiv 

Military 

Warehouse 

Administrative 




Zakarpatska Tiachiv None Brick 

Zakarpatska Uzhhorod Musical Society or 19 th C., late Brick

Oblast 

(Region) 

Town 



Current Use 

administrative 


Date of 

construction 

Zakarpatska Velyki Komiaty Warehouse 19 th C., late Wood 

Zakarpatska Velykyj Bychkiv None 18 th C. Brick 

Material 

Zakarpatska Vynohradiv None 18 th C. Masonry 

Zaporizka Mykhailivka 20th C., early Masonry 

Zaporizka Novo-Zlatopol 20th C., early Masonry 

Zaporizka Ocheretuvate 20th C., early Masonry 

Zaporizka Polohy Office building 

Zaporizka Prijutnoje 20th C., early Masonry 

Zaporizka Zaporizhzha Zaporizhzha I Masonry 

Zaporizka Zaporizhzha Zaporizhzha II Masonry 

Zhytomyrska Berdychiv Synagogue Masonry 

Zhytomyrska Berdychiv Glove Factory Masonry 

Zhytomyrska Novohrad-Volynskyj Masonry 

Zhytomyrska Pavoloch Museum Masonry 

Zhytomyrska 

Ruzhyn 

Administrative 



Zhytomyrska Zhytomyr Synagogue Masonry 

96

Appendix III: Cemeteries and Selected Condition Information 

Information in this table has been derived from survey forms completed between 1995 and 2000 by 

the Jewish Preservation Committee of Ukraine. This is the most complete list of Jewish cemeteries 

in Ukraine ever compiled; however, there may be other unidentified cemeteries in existence in the 

country. More information on each site can be requested from the U.S. Commission for the 

Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad at uscommission@heritageabroad.gov. 

Commission 

Survey 

Number 

Oblast (Region) 

Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

97 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA23190101 Cherkaska Buky 20th C. No wall or fence No sign or 

marker 

UA23010102 Cherkaska Cherkasy 1947 Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA23010103 Cherkaska Cherkasy 1962 Continuous fence, 

gate with no lock 

UA23010101 Cherkaska Cherkasy 1905 Broken fence, 

gate that locks 

No sign or 

marker 

Jewish symbols 

on gate or wall 

Signs or plaques 

in Ukrainian 

UA23100101 Cherkaska Horodyshche 18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA23050101 Cherkaska Kamjanka 1928 Broken fence, 



on gate 

UA23180101 Cherkaska Konela n/a No wall or gate No marker or 

sign 

UA23090101 Cherkaska 

UA23090102 Cherkaska 

Korsun- 

Shevchenkivskyj 

Korsun- 

Shevchenkivskyj 

1944 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA23020101 Cherkaska Shpola 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA23040103 Cherkaska Smila 20th C. Hedges or trees, 


UA23040102 Cherkaska Smila 20th C. Continuous fence, 


UA23040101 Cherkaska Smila 1918 No wall, gate with 

no lock 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA23170101 Cherkaska Sokolivka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA23170102 Cherkaska Sokolivka 20 th c No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA23030101 Cherkaska Uman 19th C. No wall, gate with 

no lock 

No sign or 

marker 

UA23030102 Cherkaska Uman n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 

21 to 100 Jewish 

cemetery 

5000+ Jewish 

cemetery 

5000+ Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery; 

residential 

21 to 100 Agricultural, 

storage, 

waste 

dumping 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 


mass burial 

site 


waste 



cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

101 to 500 Residential 

0 Part under 

water, part 

used as 

vegetable 

garden 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural, 

waste 


0 Residential 

UA09150101 Cherkaska Uman 18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 21 to 100 Jewish

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

marker 

UA23160101 Cherkaska Vorone Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA23140101 Cherkaska Zhashkiv 1927 Metal fence on 

concrete columns 

surrounds postwar 

part of 

cemetery, gate 

with no lock. 

UA23070101 Cherkaska Zolotonosha 1908 Hedges or trees, 


UA24020101 Chernihivska Bakhmach 19th C. Fence, gate with 

no lock 

No sign or 

marker 



No sign or 

marker 

UA24110101 Chernihivska Berezna 1937 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA24040101 Chernihivska Bobrovycia n/a Hedges or trees, 

no gate 

UA24030101 Chernihivska Borzna 20th C. Hedges or trees, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA24190101 Chernihivska Brech 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Unknown 

Current Use 

cemetery, 

agricultural, 

waste 


Submerged 

beneath 

resovoir 

since 1950 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Agricultural 


cemetery 


cemetery 

UA24150101 Chernihivska Bykiv Unknown Unknown Unknown 1 to 20 Residential, 

agricultural 

UA24010101 Chernihivska Chernihiv 1863 Fence, gate that 

locks 

No sign or 

marker 

UA24120101 Chernihivska Dmytrivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA24220101 Chernihivska Horodnia 1920 Broken fence, 

gate with no lock. 

No sign or 

marker 

UA24200101 Chernihivska Hremiach n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA24050101 Chernihivska Ichnia 1947 Cemetery 

surrounded by 

hedges, no gate. 

UA24140101 Chernihivska Korop 1911 Broken fence, 


UA24130101 Chernihivska Kozelets n/a Broken fence, no 

gate 

UA24060101 Chernihivska Mena n/a Broken fence, 


UA24070101 Chernihivska Nizhyn 18th C. Hedges or trees, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

Inscriptions in 

Hebrew on gate 

or wall 


cemetery 



cemetery 



cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 

98

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA24080101 Chernihivska Novo Basan n/a Unknown No sign or 

marker 

UA24090101 Chernihivska 

Novhorod 

Siverskyj 

1919 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA24100101 Chernihivska Oster 1916 Broken fence, 


UA24180101 Chernihivska Pryluky n/a Broken fence and 

hedges or trees, 


UA24180103 Chernihivska Pryluky 1972 Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA24180102 Chernihivska Pryluky n/a Entirely enclosed No sign or 

marker 

UA24160101 Chernihivska Ripky n/a Unknown No sign or 

marker 

UA24210101 Chernihivska Semenivka 1930 Broken fence, 


UA24240101 Chernihivska Shchors 1921 Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA24170101 Chernihivska Sosnytsia n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA25020102 Chernivetska Baniliv 19th C. Fence, no gate No sign or 

marker 

UA25020101 Chernivetska Baniliv 1872 Brokenfence,no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA25130101 Chernivetska Baniliv (Siret) 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA25080101 Chernivetska Berehomet n/a No Fence or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA25050101 Chernivetska Chornohuzy 19th C. Continuous fence, 

gate that locks. 

UA25010101 Chernivetska Chernivtsi 19th C. Continuous fence, 


UA25150101 Chernivetska Hertsa 1766 Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA25170101 Chernivetska 

Hlyboka 

(Adankata) 

20th C. 

Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA25060101 Chernivetska Khotyn 19th C. Broken masonry 

wall, no gate 

UA25070101 Chernivetska Kitsman 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 


in Hebrew with 

mention of 

famous 

individuals 

buried in 

cemetery 



No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 



cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Residential 

0 Residential 


cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

agricultural 

501 to 5000 Agricultural 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery 

0 Industrial or 

commercial 


cemetery 

5000+ Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 



cemetery 

101 to 500 Recreational 

(park, 

playground, 

sports); 

storage 

99

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

UA25100101 Chernivetska Putyla 19th C. Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA25010102 Chernivetska Sadhora 19th C. Continuous fence, 


UA25160101 Chernivetska Sokyriany 18th C. Continuous 

masonry wall, 


UA25110101 Chernivetska Storozhynets 18th C. Continuous fence, 


UA25030101 Chernivetska Vashkivtsi 1892 Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA25030102 Chernivetska Vashkivtsi 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

UA25040102 Chernivetska Vyzhnytsia 1863 Continuous fence, 


Markers/Signs 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 





No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA25040101 Chernivetska Vyzhnytsia n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA25140101 Chernivetska Zastavna 19th C. Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA03020102 Dnipropetrovska Kryvyj Rih n/a No wall or fence 

orate 

UA03020101 Dnipropetrovska Kryvyj Rih 1946 Broken masonry 

wall, gate with no 

lock 

UA03030102 Dnipropetrovska Nikopol n/a Entirely enclosed, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

Sign or plaque 


No sign or 

marker 

UA03030103 Dnipropetrovska Nikopol n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA03030101 Dnipropetrovska Nikopol n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA04030101 Donetska Donetsk 20th C. Broken fence, 


UA04010101 Donetska Horlivka n/a Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA04010102 Donetska Horlivka 19th C. Broken fence, 

gate that locks. 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA04020101 Donetska Makiivka Unknown Gate that locks No sign or 

marker 

UA04040101 Donetska Slavjansk 1946 No wall, gate that 

locks 

No sign or 

marker 

UA08070101 Ivano-Frankivska Bohorodchany 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 

501 to 5000 Industrial or 

commercial 



cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Recreational 

(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


0 Residential 

501 to 5000 Jewish part 

of municipal 

cemetery 

0 Municipal 

parking lot 

0 Rest home 

0 Municipal 

warehouse 

5000+ Jewish 

cemetery 

Unknown 

Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

with preburial 

house 


cemetery 


(park, 

playground, 

sports); 

industrial or 

commercial; 

waste dumping 

100

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA08170101 Ivano-Frankivska Bilshivtsi 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08250101 Ivano-Frankivska Bukachivtsi 1930 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08090101 Ivano-Frankivska Burshtyn 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08260101 Ivano-Frankivska Deliatyn 15 th c No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08180101 Ivano-Frankivska Dolyna 1920 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08080101 Ivano-Frankivska Halych 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08280101 Ivano-Frankivska Horodenka 18th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA08010103 Ivano-Frankivska Ivano-Frankivsk 1927 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08010102 Ivano-Frankivska Ivano-Frankivsk n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08060101 Ivano-Frankivska Kalush 19th C. Broken fence, 


UA08220101 Ivano-Frankivska Kolomyja n/a Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA08220102 Ivano-Frankivska Kolomyja n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08220103 Ivano-Frankivska Kolomyja 1930 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08020101 Ivano-Frankivska Kosiv 1742 Broken fence, 


UA08030101 Ivano-Frankivska Kuty 1810 Broken masonry 

wall, no gate 

UA08140101 Ivano-Frankivska Lysets 18th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA08230101 Ivano-Frankivska Nadvirna 1709 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08130101 Ivano-Frankivska Nyzhniv 1930 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08210101 Ivano-Frankivska Obertyn n/a Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


1 to 20 Fire station 

along 

railroad 


501 to 5000, Agricultural, 

waste 





waste 



cemetery 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


cemetery 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


cemetery, 

agricultural, 

waste 



cemetery, 

agricultural 



cemetery, 


commercial 



commercial 

101

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA08040101 Ivano-Frankivska Pechenizhyn 1810 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08200101 Ivano-Frankivska Rohatyn 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08200102 Ivano-Frankivska Rohatyn 1930 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08110101 Ivano-Frankivska Rozhnyativ 18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08270102 Ivano-Frankivska Sniatyn 19th C. Broken masonry 


lock 

No sign or 

marker 

UA08270101 Ivano-Frankivska Sniatyn n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08150101 Ivano-Frankivska Solotvyno Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08120102 Ivano-Frankivska Tlumach n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08120101 Ivano-Frankivska Tlumach n/a No wall or gate Signs or plaques 


mentioning 

Holocaust 

UA08290101 Ivano-Frankivska Tysmennytsia n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08190101 Ivano-Frankivska Vojnyliv 1930 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA08240101 Ivano-Frankivska Zabolotiv 18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA21030101 Khersonska Beryslav Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA21080101 Khersonska Bobrovyj Kut 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


1 to 20 Waste 




waste 



commercial, 

storage 


cemetery, 

agricultural 

0 Residential 

0 Waste 

dumping, 

memorial site 

(mass grave) 


commercial 



Unknown Industrial or 

commercial 


cemetery 

UA21020101 Khersonska Kakhovka Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 

UA21050101 Khersonska Lvovo n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA21040101 Khersonska 

Novo- 

Vorontsovka 

n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA21130101 Khersonska V. Chkalovo n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA21110101 Khersonska V. Kalininske 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA21100101 Khersonska V. Krynychanka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA21090101 Khersonska 

V. Mala 

Semenukha 


marker 

UA22310101 Khmelnytska Berezdiv 19th C. Fence, no gate No sign or 

marker 

UA22090101 Khmelnytska Chemerivtsi 1820 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 





cemetery 



cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural 

102

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

UA22220102 Khmelnytska Derazhnia 1964 Continuous fence, 


Markers/Signs 

No Marker, no 

Sign 

UA22260101 Khmelnytska Dunaivtsi n/a No Walls, no gate No Markers, no 

Signs 

UA22260102 Khmelnytska Dunaivtsi 1891 Continuous fence, 


UA22200101 Khmelnytska Hrytsiv 1824 Continuous fence, 


UA22020101 Khmelnytska 

Kamjanets- 

Podilskyj 

20th C. 



No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA22250101 Khmelnytska Krasyliv n/a No wall or fence No sign or 

marker 

UA22170102 Khmelnytska Letychiv 1880 Broken wall, 

continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA22170101 Khmelnytska Letychiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA22360101 Khmelnytska Medzhybizh 1845 Continuous 

masonry wall, 


UA22360102 Khmelnytska Medzhybizh 1555 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA22350101 Khmelnytska Mykhajlivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA22050101 Khmelnytska Novo-Labun 1940 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA22030101 Khmelnytska Novo-Polonne 1870 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA22040101 Khmelnytska Polonne 1770 Broken masonry 

wall, gate that 

locks 

UA22080103 Khmelnytska Shepetivka 1900 Continuous fence, 


UA22080102 Khmelnytska Shepetivka 1945 No wall or fence, 


Signs or Plaques 

in Yiddish 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA22080101 Khmelnytska Shepetivka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA22190101 Khmelnytska Slavuta 1902 Continuous fence, 


No Sign, but 


on gate or Wall 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


of municipal 

cemetery 


commercial 

501-5000 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Airport 


cemetery 

0 Residential 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery 



cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


cemetery 

UA22190102 Khmelnytska Slavuta 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 

103

Commission 

Survey 

Number 



Town 

Staro-Zakrevskyj 

Majdan 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 


marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery 

UA22070101 Khmelnytska Sudylkiv 19th C. No wall or gate Signs 21 to 100 Agricultural 

UA22290101 Khmelnytska V. Annopil 18th C. Fence, locked gate Plaques in 

Hebrew 


Velykyj 

Zhvanchyk 


marker 

UA22300101 Khmelnytska V. Kilikiiv 19th C. Continuous fence, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA22120102 Khmelnytska V. Kolodiivka 1910 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA22120101 Khmelnytska V. Kolodiivka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA22210101 Khmelnytska V. Korchyk 1910 No wall, no fence, 

no gate 

UA22320101 Khmelnytska V. Krasnostav 19th C. Continuous fence, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA22230101 Khmelnytska V. Kutky 1995 Continuous fence Marked by Signs 

or plaques in 

local language 

UA22340101 Khmelnytska Volkovyntsi 1970 Continuous fence, 


UA22110101 Khmelnytska V. Stara Ushytsia n/a Continuous fence, 


UA22240101 Khmelnytska V. Yarmolyntsi 1910 Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA22130101 Khmelnytska V. Zarichanka 1860 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA22180101 Khmelnytska Zinkiv 1780 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA10110101 Kirovohradska Bereslavka 19th C. No Fence, no gate No sign or 

marker 

UA10100101 Kirovohradska Bobrynets n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA10200101 Kirovohradska Dmytrivka n/a No wall, no gate No Marker, no 

Sign 

UA10130101 Kirovohradska Dobrovelychkivka n/a No wall, no gate No Marker, no 

Sign 

UA10060101 Kirovohradska Holovanivsk 19th C. Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Jewish part 

of municipal 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 

with mass 

grave site 

and 

memorial 


cemetery 

0 Jewish and 

non-Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 





commercial 

and waste 



cemetery 

104

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

UA10030102 Kirovohradska Khashchevate 1946 Broken masonry 

wall, no gate 

UA10010102 Kirovohradska Kirovohrad 1951 Continuous fence, 

gate with lock 

Markers/Signs 


Ukrainian 

mentions 

Holocaust 

No sign or 

marker 

UA10010101 Kirovohradska Kirovohrad n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA10010103 Kirovohradska Kirovohrad n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA10070101 Kirovohradska Novhorodka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA10020101 Kirovohradska Novo-Ukrainka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA10050101 Kirovohradska Oleksandrija 19th C. Broken fence No sign or 

marker 

UA10040101 Kirovohradska Oleksandrivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA10180101 Kirovohradska Stara Ulianivka 19th C. Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA10080101 Kirovohradska Torhovytsia n/a No Wall, Fence or 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA10170101 Kirovohradska V. Losypivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA10240101 Kirovohradska V. Sednivka n/a No wall, gate, or 

fence 

No sign or 

marker 

UA10190101 Kirovohradska Znamianka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA10190103 Kirovohradska Znamianka 1945 Continuous fence, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA10190102 Kirovohradska Znamianka 1930 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery 


of municipal 

cemetery 

0 Residential 

0 Residential 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


cemetery 


cemetery 



cemetery 





commercial 


of municipal 

cemetery 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 

UA11020102 Krymska Yalta n/a No wall or gate Signs or plaques 0 Jewish 

in local language 

cemetery 

UA09230101 Kyivska Baryshivka n/a No fence, no gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09190101 Kyivska Bila Tserkva 1960 Gate, no lock No sign or 

marker 

UA09190102 Kyivska Bila Tserkva 1980 Fence with lock No sign or 

marker 

UA09190103 Kyivska Bila Tserkva 1947 Masonry Fence, 


UA09200101 Kyivska Bohuslav 17th C. Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

0 Residential 


cemetery 


cemetery 

501 to 5000 Part of 

municipal 

cemetery 


cemetery 

105

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

UA09020101 Kyivska Boryspil 1962 Continuous 

masonry wall, 


UA09030101 Kyivska Borodianka 1915 Broken fence, 


Markers/Signs 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA09040101 Kyivska Bojarka 1900 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09050102 Kyivska Brovary 1950 Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA09050101 Kyivska Brovary n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09060101 Kyivska Byshiv Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09220101 Kyivska Dimer 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09250101 Kyivska Hermanivka 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09080101 Kyivska Hostomel n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09330101 Kyivska Hrebinky Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09090101 Kyivska Kaharlyk 1957 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09100101 Kyivska Kodra n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09310101 Kyivska Kovshevata n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09010104 Kyivska 



Kyiv 

(Timiriazevska 

Street) 

Kyiv 

(Melnikova Street 

44) 

Kyiv 

(Stetsenka Street 

18) 

Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 


no gate 

19th C. 



UA09110101 Kyivska Makariv Unknown Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

Marked By 

Signs 

No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


of municipal 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery in 

forest 


of municipal 

cemetery 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


residential 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 


commercial 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery in 

forest with 

mass graves 

0 Field 

0 Unknown 


cemetery, 

recreational, 


commercial 

5000+ Part of 

municipal 

cemetery, 

recreational 


cemetery 

106

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA09240101 Kyivska Obukhiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 



Perejaslav- 

Khmelnytskyj 

Perejaslav- 

Khmelnytskyj 


marker 

20th C. Unknown No sign or 

marker 

UA09280101 Kyivska Pjatyhory 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 

0 Residential 


cemetery 

1 to 20 Museum 

grounds 


cemetery 

UA09130101 Kyivska Rozhiv Unknown No wall or gate Signs 0 Field 

UA09120101 Kyivska Rzhyshchiv Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09340103 Kyivska Skvira n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09340101 Kyivska Skvira 20th C. Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 



commercial 


cemetery 

UA09340102 Kyivska Skvira 20th C. No wall or gate Signs or plaques 1 to 20 Jewish 


cemetery 

UA09290101 Kyivska Stavyshche 20th C. No wall or fence, 


UA09160101+ Kyivska Talne Unknown No Wall, Fence or 

gate 

UA09300101 Kyivska Tarashcha 19th C. No wall or fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA09300102 Kyivska Tarashcha n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09270101 Kyivska Tetiiv 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09140101 Kyivska Trypillia n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09140102 Kyivska Trypillia 1972 Broken fence, no 

gate 

UA09070101 Kyivska Vasylkiv 1969 Broken fence, 


UA09070102 Kyivska Vasylkiv n/a Continuous fence, 


UA09260101 Kyivska Volodarka Unknown No wall or fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign, but 



No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA09260102 Kyivska Volodarka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA09170102 Kyivska Yahotyn 1939 No Wall, Fence or 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA09170101 Kyivska Yahotyn 1933 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 


cemetery 

5 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Residential 


cemetery, 

residential 


commercial 


of municipal 

cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Unknown 


commercial 

0 Residential 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery 

UA09180101 Kyivska Yasnohorodka n/a No wall or gate Signs 0 Field 

UA12020101 Luhanska Alchevsk 1905 Broken fence No sign or 

marker 


cemetery 

107

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA13540101 Lvivska Bilyj Kamin 18th C. No Wall, no gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13540102 Lvivska Bilyj Kamin n/a No Wall, no gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13170101 Lvivska Belz 1708 Fence, gate W/No 

Lock 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13550101 Lvivska Berezdovtsi 18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13190101 Lvivska Bibrka Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13180101 Lvivska Boryslav 1900 Continuous fence, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13180102 Lvivska Boryslav n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13210102 Lvivska Brody 1802 Continuous fence No sign or 

marker 

UA13210101 Lvivska Brody n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13560101 Lvivska Busk 15 c, end Broken masonry 

wall, no gate. 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13100101 Lvivska Chervonohrad n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13270101 Lvivska Dobromyl Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13640101 Lvivska Dobrotvir (Staryi) n/a No wall or gate No Marker, no 

Sign 

UA13240102 Lvivska Drohobych 1871 Broken masonry 

wall, no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13240101 Lvivska Drohobych n/a No fence or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13360101 Lvivska Hlyniany n/a Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA13350101 Lvivska Holohory 18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery, 

agricultural 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery 


cemetery 

1 to 20 Storage, 

waste 



cemetery 


(park, 

playground, 

sports); 


commercial 


cemetery 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


cemetery, 

agricultural 

(cattle 

grazing) 


commercial 


recreational 

(park, 

playground, 

sports) 



cemetery 

0 Residential 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 

1 to 20 

(in new 

locations) 

Jewish 

cemetery 

108

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA13300102 Lvivska Horodok n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13590101 Lvivska Kamjanka-Buzka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13590102 Lvivska Kamjanka-Buzka n/a Metal fence, gate 

with no lock 

UA13590103 Lvivska Kamjanka-Buzka n/a Continuous metal 

fence, gate with 

lock 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13110101 Lvivska Khodoriv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13280101 Lvivska Khyriv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13280102 Lvivska Khyriv 20th C. Broken masonry 

wall, no gate 

UA13280103 Lvivska Khyriv n/a Continuous fence, 

gate with no Lock 

UA13040101 Lvivska Komarno 1788 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13510101 Lvivska Krakovets n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13610101 Lvivska Kulykiv n/a Continuous 

wooden fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA13390101 Lvivska Liubin-Velykyj 1959 No wall or gate Sign or Marker 


UA13620101 Lvivska Lopatyn n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13010101 Lvivska Lviv 1348 Continuous 

masonry wall, 


UA13010103 Lvivska Lviv n/a Continuous 

masonry wall, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 

0 Storage 

0 Residential, 

recreational 

(park with 

monument to 

A.Pushkin) 

0 Residential 


or 

commercial 

(fodder 

factory) 

0 Waste 


residential 



cemetery, 

agricultural 

(cattle 


0 Jewish 

cemetery, 


commercial 

(electric 

power 

station) 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

agricultural 

(cattle 


0 Ground for 

future 



cemetery 


(cattle 



commercial 


commercial 

109

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA13010102 Lvivska Lviv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13010104 Lvivska Lviv 19th C. Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA13320101 Lvivska Lysiatychi n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13370101 Lvivska Mykolaiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13020101 Lvivska Mykolaiv 1826 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13160101 Lvivska Nemyriv 1672 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA13290101 Lvivska Nove Misto 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13150101 Lvivska Novi Strilyshcha Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13600101 Lvivska Novyj Yarychiv n/a Metal fence, gate 

with no lock 

UA13450101 Lvivska Olesko 17th C. Continuous fence, 


UA13380101 Lvivska Peremyshliany 18th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13460101 Lvivska Pomoriany 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13630101 Lvivska Radekhiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13140101 Lvivska Rava-Ruska 1879 No wall or gate Jewish Symbols 


UA13060101 Lvivska Rozdil 1686 Continuous fence, 


UA13480101 Lvivska Rudky n/a No wall, fence, no 

gate 

UA13480102 Lvivska Rudky 1991 Continuous fence, 

gate without lock 



No sign or 

marker 

Sign or marker 

in Ukrainian and 

Hebrew 

UA13480103 Lvivska Rudky 18th C. No wall or gate Sign or marker 


Hebrew 

UA13250101 Lvivska Sambir n/a Broken masonry 

wall and broken 


no lock 

No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


commercial, 

storage 

5000 + Jewish 

cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

agricultural 

(cattle 



cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery; 

agricultural 


road 

0 Residential 

Unknown 


cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Waste dump, 

vegetable 

gardens 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

parking 

1 Jewish part 

of municipal 

cemetery 

100- 500 Jewish 

cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

agricultural 

110

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

UA13410101 Lvivska Sasiv n/a Continuous fence, 


Markers/Signs 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13200101 Lvivska Shchyrets 1836 Unknown No sign or 

marker 

UA13500101 Lvivska Skelivka Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13500102 Lvivska Skelivka 1934 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13490101 Lvivska Skole 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13070101 Lvivska Sokal n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13330101+ Lvivska 

Sokolivka- 

Justingrad 


marker 

UA13260101 Lvivska Stara Sil 1896 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13310101 Lvivska Staryj Sambir 19th C. Broken masonry 

wall , no gate 

UA13220101 Lvivska Stryj n/a Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13220102 Lvivska Stryj n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13430101 Lvivska Sudova Vyshnia n/a Continuous fence, 


UA13440101 Lvivska Svirzh n/a No wall, fence or 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13440102 Lvivska Svirzh n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13580101 Lvivska Toporiv n/a No wall, fence or 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13580102 Lvivska Toporiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13080101 Lvivska Uhniv 1869 No wall, Fence or 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13090101 Lvivska Varjazh 1896 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural 

(cattle 



cemetery, gas 

station 

0 Residential 

Unknown 

Agricultural 



cemetery 


commercial, 

storage 

0 Residential 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 


commercial 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

agricultural 

economy 

(cattle 


0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

agricultural 

(cattle 




(cattle 



cemetery, 


commercial, 

storage, 

waste 



111

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

UA13570101 Lvivska Vuzlove n/a Continuous metal 

fence, gate 

without lock 

Markers/Signs 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13400101 Lvivska Vybranivka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13470101 Lvivska Yaniv n/a No wall or fence, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA13520101 Lvivska Yavoriv 18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13520102 Lvivska Yavoriv 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13230101 Lvivska Zhovkva 1610 Continuous 

masonry wall, 




or wall 

UA13120101 Lvivska Zhuravno 1851 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA13130101 Lvivska Zhydachiv 1806 Continuous fence, 


UA13410101 Lvivska Zolochiv n/a Continuous fence, 


No sign, but 



No sign or 

marker 

UA14040101 Mykolaivska Domanivka 1894 No wall, no gate No Marker, no 

Sign 

UA14030101 Mykolaivska Mosotve 1895 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA14020101 Mykolaivska Nova Odesa 1952 Broken masonry 


lock 

No sign or 

marker 

UA14090101 Mykolaivska Slava n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA14230101 Mykolaivska Viktorivka 1941 Continuous fence, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA14050101 Mykolaivska Voznesensk n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA14050102 Mykolaivska Voznesensk 1918 Continuous fence, 


UA15170101 Odeska Ananjev 1946 Fence, gate with 

no lock 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 

0 Kindergarten 

, redential 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

agricultural 

(cattle 


0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

residential 


cemetery 


cemetery 


commercial 

(market) 


cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

industrial and 

commercial 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 



of municipal 

cemetery 


commercial 


cemetery 


cemetery 

112

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA15020101 Odeska Artsyz 1882 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15130102 Odeska Balta n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15130104 Odeska Balta 1824 Fence, gate with 

no lock 

UA15130103 Odeska Balta 19th C. Fence, gate with 

no lock 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA15130101 Odeska Balta 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15220101 Odeska Berezivka 1918 Broken fence, no 

gate 

UA15030101 Odeska 

Bilhorod- 

Dnistrovskyj 

1904 Masonry Wall, 


UA15040101 Odeska Bolhrad 19th C. No wall, gate with 

no lock 

No sign or 

marker 



No sign or 

marker 

UA15160101 Odeska Dolynske Unknown No wall, no gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15050103 Odeska Izmail 1970 Continuous fence, 




UA15050102 Odeska Izmail 1922 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15050101 Odeska Izmail n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15060101 Odeska Kilija 1875 No fence, gate 

with no lock 

UA15070101 Odeska Kodyma 19th C. Broken fence, 


UA15150102 Odeska Kotovsk 1910 Continuous fence, 


UA15150101 Odeska Kotovsk n/a Continuous fence, 


UA15390101 Odeska Krasnyje Okna 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA15190102 Odeska Liubashivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15190101 Odeska Liubashivka 1911 Broken fence, 


UA15190103 Odeska Liubashivka n/a No wall or fence, 

no gate 

UA15340101 Odeska 

Mykolaivka- 

Novorosijska 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 


marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery, 

agricultural 

0 Agricultural, 

residential 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

mass burial 

site 

Unknown 

Residential 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 



cemetery 


(park, 

playground, 

sports), waste 


0 Waste 



cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Christian 

Cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

residential 


cemetery 

0 Newspaper 

office 


cemetery 

113

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA15010103 Odeska Odesa n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 


marker 

UA15010104 Odeska Odesa 1892 Continuous 

masonry wall, 


No sign, but 




marker 

UA15210101 Odeska Ovidiopil n/a Broken fence, 


UA15080101 Odeska Reni 19th C. Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA15350101 Odeska Sarata 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15200101 Odeska Savran 1950 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA15330101 Odeska Tarutino 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15100101 Odeska Tatarbunary n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15300101 Odeska V. Ivanivka 1890 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15180101 Odeska V. Yasinovo 1860 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15090101 Odeska V. Krutne 18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15120101 Odeska V. Pishchana 1865 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15360101 Odeska V. Severynivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA15140101 Odeska V. Zahnitkiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA16050101 Poltavska Chornukhy n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA16100101 Poltavska Hadiach 1813 No wall or gate No Markers or 

Signs 

UA16090101 Poltavska Hradisk n/a Hedges or trees, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


recreational 

(park, 

playground, 

sports), 

residential 


commercial 

5000 + Jewish 

cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 


house 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 



cemetery 


cemetery 




commercial 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural, 

waste 



cemetery 


cemetery 




commercial 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 

114

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA16140101 Poltavska Khorol 1940 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA16110101 Poltavska Kobyliaky 1899 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA16150102 Poltavska Kremenchuk n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA16150101 Poltavska Kremenchuk 1933 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA16150104 Poltavska Kriukiv 1912 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA16150103 Poltavska Kriukiv 1949 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA16040102 Poltavska Lokhvytsia 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA16040101 Poltavska Lokhvytsia 1971 No gate No sign or 

marker 

UA16030101 Poltavska Lubny 1873 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA16030102 Poltavska Lubny n/a Continuous 

masonry wall, 


UA16030103 Poltavska Lubny 20th C. Broken fence, 


UA16030102 Poltavska Lubny n/a Continuous 

masonry wall, 


UA16120101 Poltavska Myrhorod 19th C. Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 



No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


of municipal 

Cemetery 


cemetery 


commercial 


of municipal 

cemetery 



of municipal 

cemetery 


cemetery 


of municipal 

cemetery 

21 to 100 Waste 


0 Jewish 

cemetery 

5000 + Jewish part 

of municipal 

cemetery 

0 Waste 



cemetery 

UA16010101 Poltavska Poltava Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Jewish 

cemetery 

UA16060101 Poltavska Pyriatyn 1894 Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA16080101 Poltavska Semenivka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA16130101 Poltavska Zinkiv 1896 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17270101 Rivnenska Berezno 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17220101 Rivnenska Berezhnytsia Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17160101 Rivnenska Boremel n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 


cemetery 



cemetery 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 

Unknown industrial or 

commercial 


115

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA17030101 Rivnenska Dubno 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17230101 Rivnenska Dubrovytsia n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17320101 Rivnenska Hoshcha 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17340101 Rivnenska Hubkiv 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17120101 Rivnenska Klevan 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17080101 Rivnenska Korets 1896 No wall or fence, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA17080102 Rivnenska Korets 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17040101 Rivnenska Kostopil n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17040103 Rivnenska Kostopil 1994 No Walls or gate No marker or 

sign 

UA17090101 Rivnenska Mizych 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17140101 Rivnenska Mlyniv Unknown Continuous fence, 




UA17170101 Rivnenska Oleksandrija 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17130101 Rivnenska Ostroh 19th C. Continuous fence, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA17110101 Rivnenska Ozeriany 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17050101 Rivnenska Prokhorovnia 1993 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17050102 Rivnenska Radyvyliv 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17300101 Rivnenska Rafalivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery 

0 Waste 


hospital 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural 



cemetery, 

agricultural 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 



cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural, 

storage, 

waste 



(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

116

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA17010102 Rivnenska Rivne 18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17240101 Rivnenska Sarny n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17260101 Rivnenska Stara Rafalivka n/a Continuous fence, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA17260102 Rivnenska Stara Rafalivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17310101 Rivnenska Stepan 18th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA17200101 Rivnenska V. Torhovytsia n/a No wall or fence No sign or 

marker 

UA17350101 Rivnenska Tuchyn 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17180101 Rivnenska V. Muravytsia n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17190101 Rivnenska V. Ostrozhets 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17060102 Rivnenska Varkovychi 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17060101 Rivnenska Varkovychi 20th C. Continuous fence, 


UA17070101 Rivnenska Velyki Mezhyrichi 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 





Yiddish 

UA17020101 Rivnenska Verba 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17250101 Rivnenska Volodymyrets n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA17210102 Rivnenska Vysotsk n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 


marker 


marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 



cemetery, 

waste 




commercial, 

storage; 

waste 



waste 



(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

waste 



cemetery and 

memorial 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery, 

agricultural, 


commercial 




residential 

117

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

UA18070101 Sumska Hlukhiv 1823 Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA18020101 Sumska Konotop 1941 Wall, gate with 

lock 

Markers/Signs 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA18020102 Sumska Konotop n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA18030101 Sumska Krolevets 1893 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA18040101 Sumska Romny 1918 Broken masonry 


locks 

UA18010101 Sumska Sumy 1894 Continuous 

masonry wall, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA19090101 Ternopilska Berezhany 16th C. No wall, no gate Sign in Russian 

mentions 

Holocaust 

UA19130101 Ternopilska Borshchiv n/a No wall or gate Signs or plaques 


Hebrew that 

mentions Jews 

and Holocaust 

UA19160101 Ternopilska Buchach 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19140102 Ternopilska Budaniv 1930 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19140101 Ternopilska Budaniv 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19120102 Ternopilska Chortkiv 20th C. Continuous fence, 


UA19120101 Ternopilska Chortkiv 1990 Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA19120103 Ternopilska Chortkiv 20th C. Continuous 

masonry wall, 




Hebrew that 

mentions Jews 

No sign or 

marker 



or wall 

UA19150101 Ternopilska Hrymajliv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19170101 Ternopilska Husiatyn 1990 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19050101 Ternopilska Katerynivka 17th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery 


of municipal 

cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


of municipal 

cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 




(park, 

playground, 

sports) 



(park, 

playground, 

sports) 

21 to 100 Waste 



(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


(park, 

playground, 

sports) 


cemetery 

118

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

UA19180101 Ternopilska Kopychyntsi n/a No wall, no 

Fence, no gate 

UA19030101 Ternopilska Kremenets 1604 Broken masonry 

wall, no gate 

UA19020101 Ternopilska Lanivtsi 18th C. No wall, fence, 

gate 

UA19270101 Ternopilska 

Melnytsia 

Podilska 

Markers/Signs 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 


marker 

UA19260101 Ternopilska Mykulyntsi 1920 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19110101 Ternopilska Olijevo-Korolivka 18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19190101 Ternopilska Ozeriany 20th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


commercial 


cemetery 

Signs or plaques 21 to 100 Jewish 


cemetery 

And Signs or 

Plaques In 

Hebrew 

No sign or 

marker 

UA19190102 Ternopilska Ozeriany n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19080101 Ternopilska Pidhajtsi 16 th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19060101 Ternopilska Pochaiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19100101 Ternopilska Pomortsi 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19070101 Ternopilska Shumsk 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19210101 Ternopilska Skala Podilska 16th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19220101 Ternopilska Strusiv 1930 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19230101 Ternopilska Terebovlia n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19010102 Ternopilska Ternopil 1903 Continuous fence, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA19010101 Ternopilska Ternopil n/a Unknown No sign or 

marker 

UA19280101 Ternopilska Toste 18th C. Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA19240101 Ternopilska Ustie n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19040101 Ternopilska Vyshnevets 1583 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA19040102 Ternopilska Vyshnevets 1898 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 





0 Waste 



cemetery, 

agricultural 


commercial 



cemetery, 

agricultural 



0 Residential 


cemetery, 


commercial 

0 Residential 


of municipal 

cemetery 



cemetery 


cemetery 

119

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA01480101 Vinnytska Akymivka Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01480102 Vinnytska Akymivka Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01230102 Vinnytska Bar 1921 Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA01230101 Vinnytska Bar n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01880103 Vinnutska Bershad 1824 No wall or fence No sign or 

marker 

UA01880104 Vinnytska Bershad 1897 No wall, gate with 

no lock 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01510101 Vinnytska Borshchahivka Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01050102 Vinnytska Brailiv 1945 Fence, gate with 

no lock 



Yiddish 

mentions 

Holocaust 

UA01050101 Vinnytska Brailiv 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01240101 Vinnytska Bratslav 1648 Broken masonry 


lock 

UA01130101 Vinnytska Chechelnyk 18th C. Broken fence, 

gate no lock 

UA01070101 Vinnytska Chernivtsi 18th C. Broken wall and 


no lock 


Ukrainian that 

mentions Jews 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01430102 Vinnytska Dashiv Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01430103 Vinnytska Dashiv Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01300101 Vinnytska Derebchyn 16 th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

UA01310101 Vinnytska Dzhuryn 16 th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

UA01930101 Vinnytska Dzihivka 19 th c Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 



No sign or 

marker 

UA01520101 Vinnytska Dzunkiv 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01100102 Vinnytska Hajsyn n/a No Walls or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01100101 Vinnytska Hajsyn 18th C. Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

private farm 


cemetery, 

agricultural 

Unknown 

Residential 


cemetery 

5000 + Jewish 

cemetery 


waste 



cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural, 

waste 



cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery 

1 Residential, 

vegetable 

garden 


cemetery 


cemetery 

500-5000 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


commercial 

5000+ Jewish 

cemetery 

120

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA01650101 Vinnytska Hraniv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01110101 Vinnytska Kalynivka 15th C. Broken fence, 


UA01260101 Vinnytska Khmelnyk 18th C. Broken masonry 


lock 

UA01060101 Vinnytska Komarhorod 1826 Hedges or trees, 

no gate 

UA01190102 Vinnytska Kopajhorod 19th C. Continuous fence, 


UA01190101 Vinnytska Kopajhorod 18th C. Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 



cemetery, 


commercial 


in local langu age 

cemetery 

that mention 

Jews 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01120101 Vinnytska Kryzhopil 1932 Gate with no lock Jewish symbols 


UA01630101 Vinnytska Kublich n/a Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA01450101 Vinnytska Kytaj Horod n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01690101 Vinnytska Ladyzhyn 1898 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01690102 Vinnytska Ladyzhyn 1922 Broken fence, 


UA01920101 Vinnytska Luchynets 19th C. No wall, but 

surrounded by 

ditch, gate with 

lock 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01280101 Vinnytska Lypovets 17th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01330101 Vinnytska Miziakiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01960101 Vinnytska Mohyliv-Podilskyj n/a Continuous fence, 


Marked as 

stadium 

UA01960102 Vinnytska Mohyliv-Podilskyj 1945 No wall or fence No sign or 

marker 

UA01960103 Vinnytska Mohyliv-Podilskyj 18th C. Broken fence, 

ornamental gate 

UA01290101 Vinnytska Murafa 16th C. Broken fence, 


UA01320101 Vinnytska Nemyriv 17th C. Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery 


cemetery; 

waste 



cemetery 

0 Private farm 

0 Garden 


cemetery 


cemetery 

500-5000 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery, 

waste 


0 Waste 


0 Stadium 

5000 + Jewish 

cemetery 

5000 + Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

121

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA01580101 Vinnytska Nova Pryluka Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01530101 Vinnytska Novo-Fastiv 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01490101 Vinnytska Novozhyvotiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01040101 Vinnytska Obodivka 19th C. Continuous fence, 


UA01140101 Vinnytska Olhopil 19th C. Continuous fence, 


Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 



cemetery, 


commercial 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 

Signs 501 to 5000 Jewish 

cemetery, 

waste 


No sign or 

marker 

UA01470101 Vinnytska Orativ 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01910101 Vinnytska Ozaryntsi 19th C. Broken masonry 


lock 

UA01600101 Vinnytska Pechora 1905 No wall, gate with 

no lock 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01180101 Vinnytska Pishchanka 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01540101 Vinnytska Pliskiv 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01500101 Vinnytska Pohrebyshche 1895 No wall, gate with 

no lock 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01150101 Vinnytska Popovtsi 18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01710101 Vinnytska Rajhorod Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01250101 Vinnytska Sharhorod 16th C. No wall, gate with 

no lock 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01250103 Vinnytska Sharhorod 1958 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01250102 Vinnytska Sharhorod 17th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01160101 Vinnytska Shpykiv 18th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01080101 Vinnytska Soniashne 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01550101 Vinnytska Spichentsi 1907 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01570101 Vinnytska Stara Pryluka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

private farm 

500-5000 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

private farm 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

5000+ Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery, 

waste 


0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

two farms 

122

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

UA01900101 Vinnytska Ternivka 1945 Wall and fence, 


Markers/Signs 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01900102 Vinnytska Ternivka 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01900103 Vinnytska Ternivka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01030102 Vinnytska Tomashpil 1928 Continuous 

masonry wall & 


no lock 



Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery 


cemetery 


(cattle 



cemetery 

UA01030101 Vinnytska Tomashpil 1928 No wall or gate Signs 501 to 5000 Jewish 

cemetery, 

agricultural, 

waste 


UA01210101 Vinnytska Trostianets 19th C. Broken fence, 


UA01270101 Vinnytska Tulchyn 16th C. Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 



UA01270102 Vinnytska Tulchyn 1984 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01560102 Vinnytska Vachnivka 1921 Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01560101 Vinnytska Vachnivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01430101 Vinnytska V. Dashiv 1933 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01950101 Vinnytska Velyka Kosnytsia 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

UA01010102 Vinnytska Vinnytsia 1747 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 



UA01420101 Vinnytska V. Mezhyriv 1880 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01420102 Vinnytska V. Mezhyriv n/a Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA01590102 Vinnytska Voronovytsia 1936 Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01590101 Vinnytska Voronovytsia 1919 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01200102 Vinnytska V. Stanislavchyk 17th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01980101 Vinnytska Yakushyntsi 20th C. No wall or fence, 

no gate 

UA01940101 Vinnytska Yampil 1932 Broken masonry 

wall and fence, 


Sign or marker 


mentions Jews 


on gates or wall 


cemetery; 


commercial 


cemetery 


of municipal 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

5000+ Jewish part 

of municipal 

cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery 

1 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 

123

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

UA01890101 Vinnytska Yaruha 19th C. Broken masonry 

wall 

UA01890102 Vinnytska Yaruha 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

Markers/Signs 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01020101 Vinnytska Zhabokrychi 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01170102 Vinnytska Zhmerynka 18th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

UA01170101 Vinnytska Zhmerynka 1884 Broken masonry 


lock 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA01440101 Vinnytska Zhornyshche 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01440102 Vinnytska Zhornishche Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA01460101 Vinnytska Zoziv Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02240101 Volynska Bahiv Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02100101 Volynska Berestechko n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02280101 Volynska Chetvertnia 20th C. Continuous fence 

and a gate with no 

lock 



mentions 

Holocaust 

UA02320101 Volynska Horodok 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02110101 Volynska Horokhiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02300102 Volynska Kamin Kashyrskyj 20th C. No wall or gate Sign in Hebrew 

mentions 

Holocaust 

UA02160101 Volynska Kolky n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02040101 Volynska Kovel Unknown No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02270101 Volynska Kyselyn n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02330101 Volynska Lishnivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02050101 Volynska Liuboml 19th C. Continuous fence, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA02310101 Volynska Lobachivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

waste 



with 

vegetable 

garden 

1 to 20 Waste 


Unknown Agricultural 



cemetery 

with 

communal 

grave 


cemetery, 

forest 


commercial, 

residential 


cemetery 

0 On grounds 

of hospital 


commercial 

0 Waste 



waste 



cemetery, 

agricultural 


waste 


124

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

UA02010101 Volynska Lutsk n/a Continuous 

masonry wall, 


UA02010102 Volynska Lutsk n/a Continuous 

masonry wall, 


Markers/Signs 

UA02130101 Volynska Manevychi n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02150101 Volynska Olyka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02260102 Volynska Ozeriany n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02260101 Volynska Ozeriany n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02250101 Volynska Ozutychi n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02300101 Volynska Pnivno 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02060101 Volynska Rozhyshche 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 

Marker 0 Jewish 

cemetery 


house, 

residential 

Sign 0 Residential 

No sign or 

marker 

UA02290101 Volynska Sokil n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02190101 Volynska Staryj Chartoryjsk 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02020101 Volynska Torchyn 18th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02220101 Volynska Trojanivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02030101 Volynska Turijsk 16th C. Hedges or trees, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA02140101 Volynska Ustiluh n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02180101 Volynska V. Melnytsia n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02080101 Volynska 

Volodymyr 

Volynskyj 


commercial, 

storage 




(park, 

playground, 

sports) 



commercial, 

storage 


cemetery 




waste 





cemetery, 

agricultural 



18th C. No wall or gate Signs 1 to 20 Recreational 

(park, 

playground, 

sports), 


commercial 

UA02070101 Volynska V. Silets 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA02090101 Volynska V. Zhuravnyky 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 


cemetery 


waste 


125

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA06470101 Zakarpatska Agris n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06630101+ Zakarpatska Berehovo Unknown Some graves 

surrounded by 

metal fences 

Sign mentions 

Holocaust 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 

500-5000 / 

memorial 

markers 

Jewish 

cemetery 

UA06620101+ Zakarpatska Berehy 1854 Fence seems to be No sign or 

part of adjacent marker 

properties, no gate 

UA06650101+ Zakarpatska Bishtanie 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06330101 Zakarpatska Chepa 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06250101 Zakarpatska Chierna 19th C. Continuous fence, 


UA06300101 Zakarpatska Chornotysiv 19th C. Broken fence, 


UA06580101 Zakarpatska Danylovo 19th C. Hedges or trees, 

no gate 

UA06420101 Zakarpatska Drotintsi 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 


on gate or wall. 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

markers 

No sign or 

marker 

UA06190101 Zakarpatska Holiatyn 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06500101 Zakarpatska Horinchevo 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06270101 Zakarpatska Hudigai 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06210101 Zakarpatska Iza 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06450101 Zakarpatska Keretsky n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06030101 Zakarpatska Khust 19th C. Continuous 

masonry wall, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA06150101 Zakarpatska Kolachova 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06380101 Zakarpatska Komiaty 19th C. Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA06240101 Zakarpatska Korolevo 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06640101+ Zakarpatska, Kosiny 20th C. Continuous wall 

and fence 

UA06200101 Zakarpatska Majdan 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA06430101 Zakarpatska Matkiv 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06090101 Zakarpatska Mizhhirja 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 


250-350 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 



cemetery 



cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery, 

agricultural, 

road 

150 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

126

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


UA06320101 Zakarpatska 

Town 

Nevetlefalee 

(Diakovo) 

Oldest 

Stone 

19th C. 

Walls/Gates 



Markers/Signs 

No sign or 

marker 

UA06180101 Zakarpatska Novoselytsia 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06170101 Zakarpatska Nyizhnij Studenyj 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06230101 Zakarpatska Nyzhnij Veretskyj 19th C. Continuous 

masonry wall, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA06390101 Zakarpatska Onok 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06120101 Zakarpatska Pryslup 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06160101 Zakarpatska Pylypets 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06070101 Zakarpatska Rakhiv 19th C. Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA06480101 Zakarpatska Rokosiv 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06290101 Zakarpatska Sasivka 19th C. Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA06490101 Zakarpatska Sokyrnytsia 19th C. Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA06020101 Zakarpatska Solotvyno Unknown No gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06020102 Zakarpatska Solotvyno 1970 Gate with no lock No sign or 

marker 

UA06100101 Zakarpatska Synevir 19th C. Broken fence, no 

gate 

UA06280101 Zakarpatska Tekehaza 19th C. Continuous fence, 

no gate 

UA06050101 Zakarpatska Tiachiv 18th C. Continuous fence, 


UA06010101 Zakarpatska Uzhhorod 18th C. Broken masonry 


locks 

UA06010102 Zakarpatska Uzhhorod Unknown Continuous 

masonry wall, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 



cemetery 

And Yiddish 


on gate, wall 

UA06540101 Zakarpatska V. Aleksandrivka 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06520101 Zakarpatska V. Bereziv Nyhnij 19th C. Hedges, no gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06350101 Zakarpatska V. Bobovo n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06570101 Zakarpatska V. Chumalevo 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

500-5000 Jewish 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 



cemetery 

127

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA06400101 Zakarpatska Velyki Kopany n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06440101 Zakarpatska Verbovets n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06140101 Zakarpatska Verchnia Bystra 19th C. Continuous fence, 

no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA06080101 Zakarpatska V. Ilnycia 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06360101 Zakarpatska Vilok 19th C. Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA06600101 Zakarpatska V. Koshelvo 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06550101 Zakarpatska V. Nankovo 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06370101 Zakarpatska V. Nove Selo 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06560101 Zakarpatska 

V. Nyzhnie 

Selyshche 


marker 

UA06060101 Zakarpatska V. Torun 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06610101 Zakarpatska V. Veliatyn 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06530101 Zakarpatska V. Vyshkiv 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06220103 Zakarpatska Vynohradiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06220101 Zakarpatska Vynohradiv 18th C. Continuous fence, 


UA06220102 Zakarpatska Vynohradiv 1952 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA06040101 Zakarpatska Yaseniv Polnyj Unknown No gate No sign or 

marker 

UA06310101 Zakarpatska Yulivtsi 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA07020102 Zaporizka Huliaj Pole 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA07020101 Zaporizka Huliaj Pole 1879 Continuous fence, 


UA07080102 Zaporizka 

UA07080101 Zaporiz ka 

Kamjanka- 

Dniprovska 

Kamjanka- 

Dniprovska 

No sign or 

marker 


marker 


marker 

UA07030101 Zaporizka Melitopol 1892 Broken masonry 

wall, no gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA07090101 Zaporizka Novo-Zlatopol 1953 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 




cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 



cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


commercial 


cemetery 


of municipal 

cemetery 


cemetery 


of municipal 

cemetery 



cemetery 


waste 



cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

128

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 

UA07040102 Zaporizka Orikhiv 1962 Unknown Signs 1 to 20 Industrial or 

commercial 

UA07040101 Zaporizka Orikhiv 20th C. Gate that locks No sign or 

marker 

UA07050101 Zaporizka Polohy 1944 No gate No sign or 

marker 

UA07060101 Zaporizka Tokmak 1884 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Unknown 

Jewish part 

of municipal 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

UA07060103 Zaporizka Tokmak 1917 No wall or gate Signs 21 to 100 Jewish 

cemetery 

UA07060102 Zaporizka Tokmak 1949 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA07070101 Zaporizka Velyka Znamianka n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA07010101 Zaporizka Zaporizhzha 1930 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05440101 Zhytomyrska Andrushivka 1920 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 


of municipal 

cemetery 

0 Residential 



cemetery 

UA05010101 Zhytomyrska Baranivka 1917 Broken fence, 


UA05020101 Zhytomyrska Berdychiv 18th C. Fence, gate with 

no lock 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA05450101 Zhytomyrska Bilylivka 1909 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05530101 Zhytomyrska Brusyliv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05530102 Zhytomyrska Brusyliv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05250101 Zhytomyrska Cherniakhiv 1903 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05180101 Zhytomyrska Chervonoarmijsk 1911 Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA05480101 Zhytomyrska Chervone 1895 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05390101 Zhytomyrska Chopovychi 1916 No wall or fence, 


UA05210101 Zhytomyrska Chudniv 1885 Hedges or trees, 

no gate 

UA05040101 Zhytomyrska Dzerzhynsk 1891 Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA05050101 Zhytomyrska Emelchyn 1921 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05030101 Zhytomyrska Horodnytsia 1906 Broken fence, 


No sign or 

marker 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 



commercial 


cemetery, 

waste 



cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery, 


commercial 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

129

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

UA05070101 Zhytomyrska Kaminnyj Brid 1919 Continuous fence, 


Markers/Signs 

No sign or 

marker 

UA05360101 Zhytomyrska Khodorkiv 1870 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05590101 Zhytomyrska Kornyn n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05370101 Zhytomyrska Korostyn n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05370102 Zhytomyrska Korostyn 1914 Continuous 

masonry wall, 


UA05200101 Zhytomyrska Korostyshiv 1897 Continuous fence, 

with no lock 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA05210102 Zhytomyrska Korostyshiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05200102 Zhytomyrska Korostyshiv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05280101 Zhytomyrska Ksaveriv n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05230101 Zhytomyrska Leshchyn n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05230102 Zhytomyrska Leshchyn n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05090101 Zhytomyrska Liubar 1925 Continuous fence, 


UA05400101 Zhytomyrska Luhiny 1842 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA05460103 Zhytomyrska Malyn 1908 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05460101 Zhytomyrska Malyn n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05460102 Zhytomyrska Malyn 1939 Continuous fence, 


UA05100101 Zhytomyrska Myropol 1896 Broken masonry 


lock 

UA05320101 Zhytomyrska Narodychi 1914 Broken fence, 


UA05110101 Zhytomyrska 

Novohrad- 

Volynskyj 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 


marker 

UA05570101 Zhytomyrska Olevsk 1906 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA05570102 Zhytomyrska Olevsk 19th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery 


of municipal 

cemetery 


0 Jewish 

cemetery 



cemetery 

0 Residential 

0 Residential 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 






cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

agricultural 

501 to 5000 Bus station 


cemetery 


cemetery 



cemetery 

1 to 20 Waste 


130

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA05350101 Zhytomyrska Ovruch n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05350103 Zhytomyrska Ovruch 1938 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA05490101 Zhytomyrska Pavoloch n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05490102 Zhytomyrska Pavoloch 1913 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05650101 Zhytomyrska Pjatka 1864 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05220101 Zhytomyrska Radomysl 1910 Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA05660102 Zhytomyrska Rajhorodok 1910 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05660101 Zhytomyrska Rajhorodok 1882 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05140101 Zhytomyrska Rohachiv 20th C. No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05300101 Zhytomyrska Ruzhyn 1776 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05410101 Zhytomyrska Slovichno 1832 Broken fence, no 

gate 

No sign or 

marker 

UA05290101 Zhytomyrska Vcherajshe 1906 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05500101 Zhytomyrska Vilsk n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05060101 Zhytomyrska V. Ivnytsia 1910 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05080101 Zhytomyrska V. Kodnia 1912 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05470101 Zhytomyrska V. Norinsk 1856 Broken fence, no 

gate 





V. Novo- 

Chartoryja 

V. Novo- 

Kotelnia 

V. Novi 

Velednyky 

Volodarsk- 

Volynskyj 

No sign or 

marker 


marker 


marker 





No sign or 

marker 

No sign or 

marker 

UA05150101 Zhytomyrska V. Sokoliv 1923 No wall or fence No sign or 

marker 

UA05160101 Zhytomyrska V. Trojaniv 1897 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 

0 Jewish 

cemetery 




open market 


cemetery 




cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery with 

mass grave 



cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

0 Jewish 

cemetery, 

agricultural 



cemetery 


cemetery 




of municipal 

cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 


cemetery 

131

Commission 

Survey 

Number 


Town 

Oldest 

Stone 

Walls/Gates 

Markers/Signs 

UA05340101 Zhytomyrska Vzazivka 1929 No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05190103 Zhytomyrska Zhytomyr n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

UA05190101 Zhytomyrska Zhytomyr 1893 Continuous 

masonry wall, 

broken fence, gate 

with no lock 

No sign or 

marker 

UA05190104 Zhytomyrska Zhytomyr 1976 Continuous fence, 


No sign or 

marker 

UA05190102 Zhytomyrska Zhytomyr n/a No wall or gate No sign or 

marker 

Approximate 

Number of 

Gravestones 

Current Use 


cemetery 


commercial 

5000+ Jewish 

cemetery 


of municipal 

cemetery 

0 Residential 

132

Appendix IV: Mass Grave Sites 

Information in this table has been derived from survey forms completed between 1995 and 2000 

by the Jewish Preservation Committee of Ukraine. This is the most complete list of Jewish mass 

burial sites in Ukraine ever compiled; however, we know that there may be other unidentified 

mass graves in the country. More information on each site can be requested from the U.S. 

Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad at 

uscommission@heritageabroad.gov. 

Commission Survey 

Number 


Town 

Date 

of Survey 

UA23190501 Cherkaska Buky 01.10.98 





UA23180501 Cherkaska Konela 01.10.98 

UA23180502 Cherkaska Konela 01.10.98 

UA23090501 Cherkaska Mliiv 05.02.98 

UA23170501 Cherkaska Sokolivka 01.10.98 

UA23150501 Cherkaska Sorokotiaha 01.10.98 

UA23130501 Cherkaska Talne 05.02.98 

UA23160501 Cherkaska Vorone 01.10.98 

UA23140501 Cherkaska Zhashkiv 01.10.98 

UA23120501 Cherkaska Zvenyhorodka 05.02.98 

UA23080501 Cherkaska Bilozirja 06.03.96 

UA23220501 Cherkaska Khrystynivka 10.06.99 

UA23230501 Cherkaska Ivanhorod 01.06.99 

UA23300501 Cherkaska Kaniv 07.06.99 

UA23290501 Cherkaska Lysianka 15.07.99 

UA23290502 Cherkaska Lysianka 15.07.99 

UA23250501 Cherkaska Monastyryshche 12.06.99 

UA23250502 Cherkaska Monastyryshche 12.06.99 

UA23240501 Cherkaska Talalaivka 02.06.99 

UA23280501 Cherkaska Terlytsia 17.06.99 

UA23030501 Cherkaska Uman 17.09.95 

UA23060501 Cherkaska V. Zelena Dibrova 13.09.95 

UA23070501 Cherkaska Zolotonosha 17.09.95 

UA24110501 Chernihivska Berezna 02.04.96 

UA24010501 Chernihivska Chernihiv 01.04.96 

UA24010502 Chernihivska Chernihiv 01.04.96 

UA24220501 Chernihivska Horodnia 13.03.96 

UA24220502 Chernihivska Horodnia 25.03.96 

UA24140501 Chernihivska Korop 16.04.96 

UA24130501 Chernihivska Kozelets 16.04.96 

UA24060501 Chernihivska Mena 01.04.96 

UA24070501 Chernihivska Nizhyn 02.04.96 

UA24100501 Chernihivska Oster 02.04.96 

UA24180501 Chernihivska Pryluky 12.03.96 

UA24210501 Chernihivska Semenivka 12.03.96 

133


Number 


134 

Town 

Date 

of Survey 

UA24240501 Chernihivska Shchors 29.03.96 

UA24170501 Chernihivska Sosnytsia 16.04.96 

UA24230501 Chernihivska Borzna (V. Shapovalivka) 25.03.96 

UA25190501 Chernivetska Babyn 02.11.95 

UA25010501 Chernivetska Chernivtsi 02.10.95 

UA25120501 Chernivetska Chudyn 22.10.95 

UA05620501 Chernivetska Hlybochytsia 21.11.96 

UA25180501 Chernivetska Konstyntsi 02.11.95 

UA25090501 Chernivetska Novoselivka 18.10.95 

UA25090502 Chernivetska Novoselivka 20.10.95 

UA25200501 Chernivetska Shyshkivtsi 16.05.96 

UA03040501 Dnipropetrovska Apostolovo 05.06.95 

UA03010501 Dnipropetrovska Dnipropetrovsk 20.05.99 

UA03020501 Dnipropetrovska Kryvyj Rih 02.09.95 

UA03030501 Dnipropetrovska Nikopol 04.03.96 

UA08300101 Ivano-Frankivska Horodenka 2000 

UA08220501 Ivano-Frankivska Kolomyja 19.11.96 

UA08020501 Ivano-Frankivska Kosiv 28.06.95 

UA08230501 Ivano-Frankivska Nadvirna 19.11.96 

UA08200501 Ivano-Frankivska Rohatyn 18.11.96 

UA08310101 Ivano-Frankivska Semakovtsy 2000 

UA08240501 Ivano-Frankivska Zabolotiv 19.11.96 

UA20040501 Kharkivska Bohodukhiv 09.12.98 

UA20070501 Kharkivska Chuhuiv 25.12.98 

UA20010501 Kharkivska Kharkiv 28.10.98 




UA20030501 Kharkivska Krasnohrad 06.11.98 

UA20020501 Kharkivska Lozova 05.12.98 

UA20050501 Kharkivska Sakhnovshchyna 20.03.99 

UA21030501 Khersonska Beryslav 06.03.96 

UA21080501 Khersonska Borovyj Kut 12.09.95 

UA21020501 Khersonska Kakhovka 10.09.95 

UA21020502 Khersonska Kakhovka 10.09.95 

UA21060501 Khersonska Kujbyshevo 11.09.95 

UA21040501 Khersonska Novo-Vorontsovka 06.03.96 

UA21120501 Khersonska V. Brushintsi 13.09.95 

UA21110501 Khersonska V. Kalininske 12.09.95 

UA21090501 Khersonska V. Mala Semenukha 12.09.95 

UA21070501 Khersonska Vysokopillia 11.09.95 

UA22090501 Khmelnitska Chemerivtsi 31.08.95 

UA22220501 Khmelnytska Derazhnia 05.09.95 

UA22200501 Khmelnytska Hrytsiv 04.09.95 

UA22390501 Khmelnytska Huta Polonetska 06.03.96 

UA22020501 Khmelnytska Kamjanets Podilskyj 16.08.95 

UA22020502 Khmelnytska Kamjanets Podilskyj 17.08.95 

UA22170501 Khmelnytska Letychiv 06.09.95 

UA22360501 Khmelnytska Medzhybizh 08.09.95


Number 


135 

Town 

Date 

of Survey 

UA22190501 Khmelnytska Slavuta 04.09.95 

UA22190502 Khmelnytska Slavuta 04.09.95 

UA22070501 Khmelnytska Sudylkiv 30.08.95 

UA22290501 Khmelnytska V. Annopil 05.09.95 

UA22290502 Khmelnytska V. Annopil 05.09.95 

UA22290503 Khmelnyska v. Annopil 06.09.95 

UA22160501 Khmelnyska V. Chankiv 01.09.95 

UA22100501 Khmelnytska V. Demshyn 31.08.95 

UA22150501 Khmelnytska V. Demjanivtsi 31.08.95 

UA22300501 Khmelnytska V. Kilikiiv 06.09.95 

UA22210501 Khmelnytska V. Korchyk 04.09.95 

UA22230501 Khmelnytska V. Kutky 05.09.95 

UA22270501 Khmelnytska V. Manivtsi 05.09.95 

UA22280501 Khmelnytska V. Rosolivtsi 05.09.95 

UA22110501 Khmelnytska V. Stara Ushytsia 31.08.95 

UA22380501 Khmelnytska V. Staryj Kryvyn 06.03.96 

UA22240501 Khmelnytska V. Yarmolyntsi 06.09.95 

UA22370501 Khmelnytska V. Zhovtneve 06.03.96 

UA22140501 Khmelnytska Velykyj Zhvanchyk 31.08.95 

UA22180501 Khmelnytska Zinkiv 01.09.95 

UA22080501 Khmelnytska Shepetivka 30.08.95 

UA10110501 Kirovohradska Bereslavka 06.04.97 

UA10100501 Kirovohradska Bobrynets 06.04.97 

UA10130501 Kirovohradska Dobrovelychkivka 07.08.97 

UA10120501 Kirovohradska Dykivka 06.04.97 

UA10140501 Kirovohradska Hlyniane 07.08.97 

UA10010501 Kirovohradska Kirovohrad 07.08.97 

UA10150501 Kirovohradska Lypniazhka 06.08.97 

UA10220501 Kirovohradska Novo-Petrivka 08.08.97 

UA10020501 Kirovohradska Novoukrainka 07.08.97 

UA10040501 Kirovohradska Oleksandrivka 01.04.97 

UA10180501 Kirovohradska Stara Ulianivka 17.04.97 

UA10090501 Kirovohradska Svitlovodsk 04.04.97 

UA10230501 Kirovohradska Ternova Balka 08.08.97 

UA10210501 Kirovohradska Ustynivka 08.08.97 

UA10170501 Kirovohradska V. Losypivka 16.04.97 

UA10160501 Kirovohradska V. Markovo 16.04.97 

UA10190501 Kirovohradska Znamianka 07.08.97 

UA09230501 Kyivska Baryshivka 21.03.97 

UA09200501 Kyivska Bohuslav 14.03.97 

UA09200502 Kyivska Bohuslav 18.03.97 

UA09330501 Kyivska Hrebinky 06.03.97 

UA09010501 Kyivska Kyiv 27.01.98 

UA09310501 Kyivska Kovshevata 03.03.97 

UA09320501 Kyivska Medvyn 05.03.97 

UA09320502 Kyivska Medvyn 06.03.97 

UA09210501 Kyivska Perejaslav-Khmelnytskyj 20.03.97 

UA09280501 Kyivska Pjatyhory 25.03.97 

UA09280502 Kyivska Pjatyhory 26.03.97


Number 


136 

Town 

Date 

of Survey 

UA09290501 Kyivska Stavyshche 26.03.97 

UA09290502 Kyivska Stavyshche 27.03.97 

UA09300501 Kyivska Tarashcha 28.03.97 

UA09300502 Kyivska Tarashcha 31.03.97 

UA09070501 Kyivska Vasylkiv 04.08.97 

UA09170501 Kyivska Yahotyn 05.08.97 

UA13270501 Lvivska Dobromyl 13.08.97 

UA13240103 Lvivska Drohobych 2005 

UA13340501 Lvivska Holobutiv 10.11.98 

UA13300501 Lvivska Horodok 15.08.97 

UA13590501 Lvivska Kamjanka-Buzka 05.10.98 

UA13040501 Lvivska Komarno 11.08.97 

UA13330501 Lvivska Kurovichi 10.11.98 

UA13010501 Lvivska Lviv 13.08.97 

UA13010502 Lvivska Lviv 13.08.97 

UA13410501 Lvivska Sasiv 30.10.98 

UA13030501 Lvivska Skhidnitsa 10.08.97 

UA13490501 Lvivska Skole 09.11.98 

UA13520501 Lvivska Yavoriv 10.11.98 

UA13230501 Lvivska Zhovkva 14.08.97 

UA13230502 Lvivska Zhovkva 14.08.97 

UA13130501 Lvivska Zhydachiv 19.08.97 

UA13420501 Lvivska Zolochiv 30.10.98 

UA14180501 Mykolaivska Mariivka 02.12.96 

UA14140501 Mykolaivska Mykolaivka 28.11.96 

UA14130501 Mykolaivska Novo-Uman 02.12.96 

UA14130502 Mykolaivska Novo-Uman 27.11.96 

UA14270501 Mykolaivska Novo-Mykolaivka 02.12.96 

UA14280501 Mykolaivska Novo-Pavlivka 02.12.96 

UA14240501 Mykolaivska Porichchia 05.12.96 

UA14090501 Mykolaivska Slava 26.11.96 

UA14120501 Mykolaivska Sukha Balka 26.11.96 

UA14150501 Mykolaivska Vesele 28.11.96 

UA14050501 Mykolaivska Voznesensk 28.06.95 

UA14070501 Mykolaivska Yastrybunove 26.11.96 

UA14080501 Mykolaivska Zelenyj Yar 26.11.96 

UA14080502 Mykolaivska Zelenyj Yar 28.11.96 

UA14100501 Mykolaivska Zhovtneve 26.11.96 

UA14100502 Mykolaivska Zhovtneve 26.11.96 

UA15170501 Odeska Ananjev 29.06.95 

UA15170501 Odeska Ananjev 30.06.95 

UA15220501 Odeska Berezivka 11.07.95 

UA15030501 Odeska Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyj 29.06.95 

UA15160501 Odeska Dolynske 29.06.95 

UA15300501 Odeska Ivanivka 10.08.95 

UA15300503 Odeska Ivanivka 12.07.95 

UA15070501 Odeska Kodyma 29.06.95 

UA15070502 Odeska Kodyma 29.06.95 

UA15150501 Odeska Kotovsk 29.06.95


Number 


137 

Town 

Date 

of Survey 

UA15110501 Odeska Kozatske 29.06.95 

UA15340501 Odeska Mykolaivka-Novorosijska 13.07.95 

UA15010501 Odeska Odesa 03.12.96 





UA15230501 Odeska Perelety 11.07.95 

UA15200501 Odeska Savran 09.07.95 

UA15330501 Odeska Tarutino 13.07.95 

UA15260501 Odeska V. Anno-Pokrovka 11.07.95 

UA15270501 Odeska V. Balalajchuk 12.07.95 

UA15250501 Odeska V. Borshchi 11.07.95 

UA15240501 Odeska V. Honorata 11.07.95 

UA15300502 Odeska V. Ivanivka 12.07.95 

UA15090501 Odeska V. Krutne 29.06.95 

UA15320501 Odeska V. Pavlinka 13.07.95 

UA15290501 Odeska V. Sofiivka 12.07.95 

UA15280501 Odeska V. Vynohradne 12.07.95 

UA15180501 Odeska V. Yasinovo 09.07.95 

UA15140501 Odeska V. Zahnitkiv 29.06.95 

UA15310501 Odeska Velykyj Dalnyk 12.07.95 

UA16100501 Poltavska Hadiach 14.11.95 

UA16090501 Poltavska Hradisk 25.07.95 

UA16140501 Poltavska Khorol 01.08.95 

UA16110501 Poltavska Kobyliaky 31.07.95 

UA16150501 Poltavska Kremenchuk 31.07.95 

UA16030501 Poltavska Lubny 14.07.95 

UA16120501 Poltavska Myrhorod 31.07.95 

UA16060501 Poltavska Pyriatyn 05.02.96 

UA16080501 Poltavska Semenivka 18.07.95 

UA16070501 Poltavska V. Berezova Rudka 15.02.96 

UA16070501 Poltavska V. Berezova Rudka 14.07.95 

UA16130501 Poltavska Zinkiv 05.03.96 

UA17270501 Rivnenska Berezno 04.12.96 

UA17160501 Rivnenska Boremel 08.08.95 

UA17150501 Rivnenska Demydivka 08.08.95 

UA17030501 Rivnenska Dubno 06.03.96 




UA17230501 Rivnenska Dubrovytsia 04.12.96 

UA17280501 Rivnenska Suhovolia (Hamlet) 04.12.96 

UA17290501 Rivnenska Kalynivka 04.12.96 

UA17120501 Rivnenska Klevan 01.12.94 




UA17080501 Rivnenska Korets 08.08.95


Number 


138 

Town 

Date 

of Survey 

UA17040501 Rivnenska Kostopil 28.11.94 



UA17090501 Rivnenska Mizych 20.12.94 

UA17170501 Rivnenska Oleksandrija 23.05.96 

UA17130501 Rivnenska Ostroh 08.08.95 

UA17010501 Rivnenska Rivne 08.08.95 

UA17240501 Rivnenska Sarny 04.12.96 

UA17240502 Rivnenska Sarny 04.12.96 

UA17330501 Rivnenska Sosnove 04.12.96 

UA17330502 Rivnenska Sosnove 04.12.96 

UA17200501 Rivnenska Torhovytsia 09.08.95 

UA17350501 Rivnenska Tuchyn 03.12.96 

UA17070501 Rivnenska Velyki Mezhyrichi 05.12.96 

UA17250501 Rivnenska Volodymyrets 04.12.96 

UA17210501 Rivnenska Vysotsk 04.12.96 

UA17100501 Rivnenska Zdolbuniv 02.08.95 

UA18110501 Sumska Buryn 02.02.98 

UA18110502 Sumska Buryn 03.02.98 

UA18080501 Sumska Chervone 02.02.98 

UA18160501 Sumska Druzhba 20.08.97 

UA18060501 Sumska Herasymivka 08.09.97 

UA18050501 Sumska Hlynsk 02.02.98 

UA18070501 Sumska Hlukhiv 08.09.97 

UA18020501 Sumska Konotop 09.08.95 

UA18030501 Sumska Krolevets 10.08.95 

UA18150501 Sumska Okhtyrka 03.02.98 

UA18150502 Sumska Okhtyrka 03.02.98 

UA18090502 Sumska Putyvl 02.02.98 

UA18040501 Sumska Romny 20.08.97 



UA18130501 Sumska Serednia Buda 03.02.98 

UA18140501 Sumska Shostka 03.02.98 

UA18140502 Sumska Shostka 03.02.98 

UA18010501 Sumska Sumy 10.12.98 

UA18170501 Sumska Tulyholovo 20.08.97 

UA18120501 Sumska Velyka Pysarivka 03.02.98 

UA18100501 Sumska Volokitino 02.02.98 

UA19090501 Ternopilska Berezhany 20.12.96 

UA19160501 Ternopilska Buchach 10.12.96 

UA19050501 Ternopilska Katerynivka 29.09.95 

UA19200501 Ternopilska Khorostkiv 10.12.96 

UA19030501 Ternopilska Kremenets 27.09.95 

UA19250501 Ternopilska Plebanivka 10.12.96 

UA19060501 Ternopilska Pochaiv 11.12.96 

UA19070501 Ternopilska Shumsk 11.12.96 

UA19040501 Ternopilska Staryj Vyshnevets 28.09.95 

UA01480501 Vinnytska Akymivka 23.06.97


Number 


139 

Town 

Date 

of Survey 

UA01360501 Vinnytska Balanivka 04.03.96 

UA01230501 Vinnytska Bar 28.02.96 

UA01800501 Vinnytska Bilopillia 05.02.98 

UA01880501 Vinnytska Bershad 15.10.98 

UA01610501 Vinnytska Bortnyky 18.07.97 

UA01050501 Vinnytska Brailiv 30.01.98 

UA01050502 Vinnytska Brailiv 30.01.98 

UA01240501 Vinnytska Bratslav 17.07.97 

UA01340502 Vinnytska Chukiv 18.07.97 

UA01430501 Vinnytska Dashiv 09.06.97 

UA01730501 Vinnytska Diakivtsi 30.01.98 

UA01970501 Vinnytska Frankivka 15.10.98 

UA01100501 Vinnytska Hajsyn 15.07.97 

UA01650501 Vinnytska Hraniv 24.07.97 

UA01810501 Vinnytska Ivaniv 05.02.98 

UA01100502 Vinnytska Ivashkivtsi 10.05.99 

UA01110501 Vinnytska Kalynivka 26.02.96 

UA01840501 Vinnytska Koziatyn 06.02.98 

UA01860501 Vinnytska Khmilnyk 06.02.98 




UA01640501 Vinnytska Krasnopilka 18.07.97 

UA01690501 Vinnytska Ladyzhyn 04.07.97 

UA01720501 Vinnytska Lityn 04.02.98 




UA01660501 Vinnytska Mykhajlivka 09.07.97 

UA01960501 Vinnytska Mohyliv-Podilskyj 15.10.98 

UA01870501 Vinnytska Nekrasovo 06.02.98 

UA01870502 Vinnytska Nekrasovo 06.02.98 

UA01320501 Vinnytska Nemyriv 29.07.97 




UA01580501 Vinnytska Nova Pryluka 11.07.97 

UA01580502 Vinnytska Nova Pryluka 15.07.97 

UA01040501 Vinnytska Obodivka 12.04.97 

UA01470501 Vinnytska Orativ 04.07.97 

UA01910501 Vinnytska Ozaryntsi 01.10.98 

UA01600501 Vinnytska Pechora 21.07.97 

UA01600502 Vinnytska Pechora 22.07.97 

UA01180501 Vinnytska Pishchanka 27.02.96 

UA01540501 Vinnytska Pliskiv 18.07.97 

UA01540502 Vinnytska Pliskiv 15.06.97 

UA01500501 Vinnytska Pohrebyshche 01.07.97 


UA01500503 Vinnytska Pohrebyshche 06.07.97


Number 


140 

Town 

Date 

of Survey 



UA01380501 Vinnytska Rachnyj-Lisiv 04.03.96 

UA01710501 Vinnytska Rajhorod 25.07.97 

UA01850501 Vinnytska Samhorodok 06.02.98 

UA01200501 Vinnytska Stanislavchyk 28.02.96 

UA01570501 Vinniyska Stara Pryluka 08.07.97 

UA01820501 Vinnytska Stryzhavka 05.02.98 

UA01670501 Vinnytska Tarasivka 25.07.97 

UA01680501 Vinnytska Teplyk 28.07.97 

UA01620501 Vinnytska Torkiv 29.01.98 

UA01270501 Vinnytska Tulchyn 15.07.97 

UA01790501 Vinnytska Tyvriv 06.02.98 

UA01750501 Vinnytska Ulaniv 30.01.98 

UA01370501 Vinnytska V. Borivka 04.03.96 

UA01340501 Vinnytska V. Chukiv 04.03.96 

UA01350501 Vinnytska V. Kurinivka 04.03.96 

UA01400501 Vinnytska V. Matijkiv 04.03.96 

UA01420501 Vinnytska V. Mezhyriv 04.03.96 

UA01330501 Vinnytska V. Miziakiv 04.03.96 

UA01410501 Vinnytska V. Yaltushkiv 04.03.96 

UA01560501 Vinnytska Vachnivka 09.07.97 

UA01560502 Vinnytska Vachnivka 08.07.97 

UA01390501 Vinnytska Vapniarka 04.03.96 

UA01010501 Vinnytska Vinnytsia 28.01.98 



UA01590501 Vinnytska Voronovytsia 23.07.97 

UA01590502 Vinnytska Voronovytsia 23.07.97 

UA01700501 Vinnytska Zarudyntsi 18.07.97 

UA01700502 Vinnytska Zarudyntsi 18.07.97 

UA01020501 Vinnytska Zhabokrychi 15.01.97 

UA01780501 Vinnytska Zhezheliv 04.02.98 

UA01440501 Vinnytska Zhornyshche 09.06.97 

UA02100501 Volynska Berestechko 28.03.96 

UA02210501 Volynska Holoby 02.04.96 

UA02210502 Volynska Holoby 02.04.96 

UA02110501 Volynska Horokhiv 15.03.97 



UA02300501 Volynska Kamin Kashyrskyj 19.02.97 

UA02160501 Volynska Kolky 02.04.96 

UA02270501 Volynska Kyselyn 26.02.97 

UA02270502 Volynska Kyselyn 26.02.97 

UA02010501 Volynska Lutsk 11.03.96 

UA02150501 Volynska Olyka 30.05.96 

UA02260501 Volynska Ozeriany 13.02.97 

UA02250501 Volynska Ozutychi 13.02.97 

UA02060101 Volynska Rozhyshche 27.03.96


Number 


141 

Town 

Date 

of Survey 

UA02060501 Volynska Rozhyshche 28.03.96 

UA02290501 Volynska Sokil 14.02.97 

UA02020501 Volynska Torchyn 25.03.96 

UA02220501 Volynska Trojanivka 02.04.96 

UA02200501 Volynska Tsminy 02.04.96 

UA02130501 Volynska V. Manevychi 28.03.96 

UA02180501 Volynska V. Melnytsia 02.04.96 

UA02120501 Volynska V. Senkevychivka 28.03.96 

UA02190501 Volynska V. Stariy Chartoriysk 20.12.96 

UA02090501 Volynska V. Zhuravnyky 28.03.96 

UA02080502 Volynska Volodymyr Volynskyj 28.03.96 

UA02080501 Volynska Volodymyr Volynskyj 28.03.96 

UA02230501 Volynska Yaromel 02.04.96 

UA02230502 Volynska Yaromel 21.11.96 

UA06060501 Zakarpatska V. Torun 06.06.96 

UA07020501 Zaporizka Huliaj Pole 27.06.95 

UA07030501 Zaporizka Melitopol 27.06.95 

UA07030502 Zaporizka Melitopol 27.06.95 

UA07100501 Zaporizka Mykhajlivka 27.06.95 

UA07110501 Zaporizka Molochansk 27.06.95 

UA07110502 Zaporizka Molochansk 27.06.95 

UA07090501 Zaporizka Novo-Zlatopol 27.06.95 

UA07120501 Zaporizka Prijutnoje 27.06.95 

UA07060501 Zaporizka Tokmak 27.06.95 

UA07010501 Zaporizka Zaporizhzha 27.06.95 



UA05440501 Zhytomyrska Andrushivka 30.05.96 

UA05440502 Zhytomyrska Andrushivka 30.05.96 

UA05010501 Zhytomyrska Baranivka 23.04.96 

UA05580501 Zhytomyrska Barashi 21.11.96 

UA05450501 Zhytomyrska Bilylivka 30.05.96 

UA05020501 Zhytomyrska Berdychiv 15.08.96 



UA05250501 Zhytomyrska Cherniakhiv 26.06.95 

UA05480501 Zhytomyrska Chervone 31.05.96 

UA05480502 Zhytomyrska Chervone 31.05.96 

UA05210501 Zhytomyrska Chudniv 31.05.96 

UA05550501 Zhytomyrska Dovbysh 05.06.96 



UA05040501 Zhytomyrska Dzerzhynsk 26.06.95 

UA05040502 Zhytomyrska Dzerzhynsk 25.11.96 

UA05050501 Zhytomyrska Emelchyn 25.11.96 

UA05030501 Zhytomyrska Horodnytsia 26.02.97 

UA05330501 Zhytomyrska Ivanopil 25.04.96 

UA05520501 Zhytomyrska Kalynivka 01.06.96 

UA05070501 Zhytomyrska Kaminnyj Brid 25.11.96


Number 


Town 

Date 

of Survey 

UA05070502 Zhytomyrska Kaminnyj Brid 25.11.96 

UA05360501 Zhytomyrska Khodorkiv 29.04.96 

UA05370501 Zhytomyrska Korostyn 17.05.96 

UA05200501 Zhytomyrska Korostyshiv 26.06.95 

UA05200502 Zhytomyrska Korostyshiv 24.04.96 

UA05600501 Zhytomyrska Kupishche 13.08.97 

UA05090501 Zhytomyrska Liubar 30.05.96 

UA05710501 Zhytomyrska Liubomyrka 26.02.97 

UA05610501 Zhytomyrska Marjanivka 21.11.96 

UA05420501 Zhytomyrska Meleny 21.05.96 

UA05700501 Zhytomyrska Myrnyj 26.02.97 

UA05100501 Zhytomyrska Myropol 25.11.96 

UA05320501 Zhytomyrska Narodychi 25.04.96 

UA05130501 Zhytomyrska Novo-Chortoryja 23.04.96 

UA05110504 Zhytomyrska Novohrad-Volynskyj 12.08.96 




UA05350501 Zhytomyrska Ovruch 29.04.96 

UA05490501 Zhytomyrska Pavoloch 01.06.96 

UA05510501 Zhytomyrska Povchyno 01.06.96 

UA05650501 Zhytomyrska Pjatka 02.11.96 

UA05670501 Zhytomyrska Radomyshl 13.08.96 

UA05670502 Zhytomyrska Radomyshl 13.08.96 

UA05660501 Zhytomyrska Rajhorodok 04.08.96 

UA05140501 Zhytomyrska Rohachiv 25.11.96 

UA05140502 Zhytomyrska Rohachiv 25.11.96 

UA05300501 Zhytomyrska Ruzhyn 25.04.96 

UA05300502 Zhytomyrska Ruzhyn 25.04.96 

UA05410501 Zhytomyrska Slovichno 21.05.96 

UA05540501 Zhytomyrska Stara Kotelnia 05.06.96 

UA05540502 Zhytomyrska Stara Kotelnia 03.06.96 

UA05690501 Zhytomyrska Sukhovolia 12.02.97 

UA05160501 Zhytomyrska Trojaniv 31.05.96 

UA05080501 Zhytomyrska V. Kodnia 25.11.96 

UA05270501 Zhytomyrska V. Kolodianka 24.04.96 

UA05380501 Zhytomyrska V. Novi Velednyky 21.05.96 

UA05680501 Zhytomyrska V. Radianske 20.02.97 

UA05240501 Zhytomyrska V. Yarun 26.06.95 

UA05560501 Zhytomyrska Varvarivka 21.11.96 

UA05290501 Zhytomyrska Vcherajshe 26.06.95 

UA05630501 Zhytomyrska Verkhivnia 21.11.96 

UA05430501 Zhytomyrska Volodarsk-Volynskyj 30.05.96 

UA05430502 Zhytomyrska Volodarsk-Volynskyj 30.05.96 

UA05340501 Zhytomyrska Vzazivka 26.04.96 

UA05640501 Zhytomyrska Yosypivka 21.11.96 

UA05190501 Zhytomyrska Zhytomyr 23.04.96 

UA05190502 Zhytomyrska Zhytomyr 31.05.96 

142

Appendix V: Partial List of Holocaust Memorials in Ukraine 

Bila Tserkva (Kyivska). Rough hewn stone with plaque attached in Russian on stone. Erected 

1991. 

Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska). Stone obelisk with engraved Russian text in Jewish cemetery. 

(Figure 48) 

Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska). Trapezoidal stone with engraved Russian text in memory of 3,000 

children. 

Bolekniv (Ivano-Frankivska). 

Brailiv (Vinnytska). Stone monument and fence. Plaques with names of the victims are attached 

to the stone wall. 

Bratslav (Vinnytska). Concrete tablets with plaques inscribed in Russian. Monument is behind 

small iron fence. 

Brody (Lvivska). Large rectangular stone with engraved text in Hebrew, Russian, and English at 

one end of cemetery in forest. 

Chernihiv (Chernihivska). Large stone obelisk with plaque in forest on stone. 

Chernivtsi (Chernivetska). Square stone with engraved Russian text and two photos. 

Chetvertnja (Volynska). 

Derazhina (Khmelnytska). 

Drohobych (Lvivska). Memorial plaque at mass grave site. 

Dubno (Rivenska). Large metal sculpture at killing site with plaque of Russian text. Mounted 

on stones behind fence. 

Dubrovytsia (Rivenska). 

Hertsa (Chernivetska). 

Hlukhiv (Sumska). Large rough stone with plaque attached in English, Hebrew, and Russian is 

situated in forest. 

Horokhiv (Volynska). Large black stone with engraved Russian text. Stone has angled top and 

is behind a fence. The monument is at the killing site of 2,000 Jews. 

Horokhiv (Volynska). Two dark stones, one with Star of David and Russian text and the other 

with the engraved image of a woman and several crosses, mark the spot at which 3,000 Jews 

were shot by Nazis. 

Horodenka (Ivano-Frankivska). Light stone, in shape of tombstone, rests in field and is inscribed 

in Hebrew and Russian. 

Ivano-Frankivsk (Ivano-Frankivska). Large stone with engraved Hebrew text at killing site in 

forest. Set on raised platform behind fence. 

Kalush (Ivano-Frankivska). Very large stone monument. Engraved Hebrew, Russian, and 

English text on black slab set in arched white stone. 

143

Kamin Kashyrskyj (Volynska ). Black stone monument in center of town. Engraved in Russian 

and Hebrew. 

Kamin Kashyrskyj (Volynska). Large dark square stone at killing site. Engraved in Russian and 

Hebrew. 

Kamin Kashyrskyj (Volynska). Large dark stone with “rough” edges. Monument appears to be 

in forest, behind fence. The stone is at a killing site. 

Kamjanets-Podilskyj (Khmelnytska). Obelisk set upon sculpted base. Engraved Hebrew text. 

Kamjanets-Podilskyj (Khmelnytska). Obelisk with Russian text engraved and with plaque in 

Russian. In cemetery, standing alone. 

Kamjanets-Podilskyj (Khmelnytska). Square base with Hebrew plaque. Pyramidal peak. 

Monument is in cemetery, but stands alone. 

Khmilnyk (Vinnytska). 

Khmelnytskyj (Khmelnytska). Plaque in Russian and Hebrew. Set in stones arranged in bricklike 

manner. Monument stands alone in park. 

Kyiv (Kyivska). Stone sculpture of figures with plaques at their feet. Monument is a few miles 

from actual killing site. 

Kyiv, Babi Yar ravine (Kyivska). Sculpted metal menorah resting atop pyramidal steps at killing 

site. (Figure 38) 

Kyselyn (Volynska). 

Kodnya (Zhytomyrska). Two monuments on mass grave sites. 

Kolky (Volynska). 

Kolomyja (Ivano-Frankivska). Plaque in English, Russian, and Hebrew attached to roughlyhewn 

stone. Erected 1993. Memorial near edge of park/forest. 

Korets (Rivnenska). Large reddish stone set atop pedestal is in the forest. 

Kosiv (Ivano-Frankivska). Small light stone behind fence in cemetery. Inscribed in Hebrew. 

Kremenets (Ternopilska). Stone arrangement in form of cylinder with plaque in Russian and 

Hebrew. Monument is set atop two layers of stones. (Same stones used for building 

monument.) 

Liuboml (Volynska). Three-stone arrangement of grey stone with plaque engraved in Hebrew, 

Russian, and English text at killing site. 

Lutsk (Volynska). Granite and marble monument with inscription in Yiddish and Ukrainian. 

Lviv (Lvivska). Free-standing metal sculpture in memorial square, surrounded by smaller 

memorial plaques in Russian, Hebrew, Polish, and English. 

Lviv (Lvivska). Roughly hewn stone engraved in Hebrew, Russian, and English text 

commemorating the Janowska camp in L’viv. 

Mohyliv-Podilskyj (Vinnytska). Black stone with Russian and Hebrew text mounted on smaller 

grey stone with menorah. At site of ghetto. 

144

Nemyriv (Lvivska). Small concrete monument with plaque in Russian. 

Novohrad-Volynskyj (Zhytomyrska). Reddish stone pyramid with Hebrew engraved set atop 

triangle of black stone with engraving to form three-dimensional Star of David. Incorporated 

into red pyramid is stone sculpture of human figure. Monument is in park and dedicated on 

its own elevated ground. 

Odesa (Odeska). Rough stone in center of Odessa with engraved Russian. 

Ostroh (Rivnenska). Memorial plaque and round stone with attached plaque in Hebrew and 

Russian at killing site in forest. 

Ozeriany (Volynska). 

Pechora (Vinnytska). Stone monument with bust atop. Plaques in Russian and Hebrew. Erected 

1970. 

Polonne (Khmelnytska). Large stone obelisk with star atop and attached plaque in Russian at 

killing site in forest. 

Polonne (Khmelnytska). Rectangular stone with engraved text. Monument is fenced off at edge 

of park/forest. 

Putyla (Chernivitska). Large cylindrical, sculpted stone. Monument is reddish and engraved 

with faces, figures, and text in Russian and Yiddish. 

Rava-Ruska (Lvivska). Monument is constructed of assembled tombstones supporting each 

other in an open area behind a small, blue fence. 

Rivne (Rivnenska). Freestanding sculpted metal menorah. (Figure 39) 

Rivne (Rivnenska). Freestanding stone sculpture of human figures inside/under large metal 

pieces and trees. 

Rivne (Rivnenska). Monument in center of cemetery with engraved stone (Russian and Hebrew) 

set atop fragments of smaller stones. 

Rivne (Rivnenska). Plaques in Hebrew mounted on stones surround the monument square in 

Rovno. The plaques list the names of Rovno’s Jews who were murdered by the Nazis. 

Sambir (Lvivska). Plaque on wall of Jewish cemetery in Russian in memory of Sambir’s Jews 

murdered by Nazis. 

Sarny (Rivnenska). 

Semakovtsy (Ivavo-Frankivska). Marker at mass grave site. 

Shepetivka (Khmelnytska). Large rectangular stone memorial set on stone behind fence at 

killing site. 

Skalat (Ternopilska). Plaque in English and Russian on fence of Jewish cemetery in memory of 

martyred Jewish community of Skala. 

Skala Podilska (Ternopilska). Large black stone with engraved Hebrew and Russian text set on 

stone in field at site of destroyed Jewish cemetery. 

Skvira (Kyivska). Red stone with engraved image and Russian. Monument is set on stone 

blocks. 

145

Starokostiantyniv (Khmelnytska). Large white stone with rectangular base and obelisk peak. On 

stone is mounted plaque in black with gold lettering. Monument is fenced off. 

Stavyshche (Kyivska). Monument composed of three brown marble tablets engraved in Russian 

and Hebrew. Monument is in forest. 

Talne (Kyivska). Square grey stone with white lettering on stone base. Monument is fenced. 

Ulaniv (Vinnytska). 

Vinnytsia (Vinnytska). Stone obelisk set on black stone monument with Russian plaque. 

Monument is fenced. 

Volodymyrets (Rivnenska). Large square stone set in forest. Engraved in Hebrew and Russian. 

Monument is at killing site of 3,000 Jews. 

Voznesensk (Mykolaivska). Large light stone set on block. Engraved in Russian and Yiddish. 

Monument is at killing site of 20,000 Jews. 

Vysotsk (Rivnenska). 

Zhytomyr (Zhytomyrska). Slab of red granite with Hebrew and Ukrainian inscription set on 

concrete Star of David shaped base. (Figures 1&2) 

Zvenyhorodka (Cherkaska). Large, black, square stone with engraving. Monument is fenced. 

146

Appendix VI: List of Useful Contact Organizations, Institutions and 

Individuals 

JEWISH ORGANIZATIONS IN UKRAINE 

Chief Rabbi of Ukraine 

Address: Shchekavytska Str. 29 

04071 Kyiv 

Telephone:+(380 44) 463 7085 

Fax: +(380 44) 463 7088 

Internet: www.greatsynagogue.kiev.ua 

E-mail: Kievrabbi@yahoo.com 

Contact: Rabbi Y. D. Bleich 

Federation of Jewish Communities of 

Ukraine 

Address: Donetska Str. 11 

49080 Dnipropetrovsk 

Telephone:+(380 562) 325 574, 

325 757, 326 400 

Fax: +(380 562) 325 573 

Internet: www.fjc.ru 

Contact: Rabbi Meir Stambler 

Jewish Council of Ukraine 

Address: Nemanska Str. 7 

01103 Kyiv 103 

Telephone:+(380 44) 296 3961 

Fax: +(380 44) 295 9604 

Internet: www.jewish.kiev.ua 

Jewish Foundation of Ukraine 

Address: P.O. Box 6 

01001 Kiyiv 1 

International Centre of Jewish Community 

Programs “Migdal” 

Address: Mala Arnautska Str. 46-a 

65023 Odesa 

Telephone:+(380 48) 237 212 

Fax: +(380 48) 234 3968 

Internet: www.migdal.ru 

E-mail: migdal@tm.odessa.ua 

Contact: Kira Verkhovskaya 

Chairman of the Board 

Regional Association of Jewish 

Communities 

Address: Oktiabrskaya Str. 36 

83086 Donetsk 

Telephone:+(380 62) 345 00 51 

Fax: +(380 62) 334 35 28 

Contact: David Studenikin 

Union of Jewish Religious Organizations of 


Address: Bestuzheva Str. 32, Apt.5 

04123 Kyiv 

Telephone:+(380 44) 434 7098 

Fax: +(380 44) 463 7088 

E-mail: inna@ioffe@rambler.ru 

Contact: Faina Markovna Ioffe 

Regional Association of Jewish 

Communities of South Ukraine 

Address: Osypova Str. 21 

City: Post Code:65011 Odesa 

Telephone:+(380 482) 21 88 90, 21 87 36 

Fax: +(380 482) 49 63 01 

Email: awolff@shomrei.farlep.net 

Contact: Rabbi Avraham Wolf 

All-Ukrainian Jewish Congress 

Address: Mechnikova Str. 14/1 

01023 Kyiv 

Telephone:+(380 44) 235 7120 

Fax: +(380 44) 235 1067 

(Address was added from Internet) 

Internet: www.jewish.kiev.ua/ 

oldversion/index.htm 

E-mail: vek@i.kiev.ua 

Contact: Edvin Smelyanskiy 

Executive Vice-President 

Association of Jewish Culture 

Address: Mala Arnautska Str. 46a 

City: Post Code:65011 Odesa 

Telephone:+(380 482) 21 83 75 

Contact: Aleksander Vinogradsky 

147

Association of Jewish Organizations and 

Communities of Ukraine 

Address: Kurska Str. 6 

03049 Kyiv 

Telephone:+(380 44) 276 3431 

Fax: +(380 44) 271 7144 

Association of Jewish Communities of 

Mykolaiv Region 

Address: K. Libknekhta Str. 15 

City: 54001 MykolaivPost Code: 

Telephone:+(380 512) 35-55-39 

Fax: +(380 512) 58 05 36 

E-mail: shalom@gottlib.mk.ua 

Contact: Rabbi Sholom Gottlib 

Centre for Collecting and Preserving 

Jewish Heritage in Donetsk Region 


83086 Donetsk 

Telephone:+(380 62) 345 00 53, 334 36 52 

Contact: Vyacheslav Verkhovsky 

Federation of Jewish Communities of 

Zhytomyr and Region 

Address: Mala Berdychivska Str. 5 

City: 10014 Zhytomyr Post Code: 

Telephone:+(380 412) 22 27 17 

Internet: www.office@fjc.zt.ua 

E-mail: chabad@com.zt.ua 

Contact: Nochum Tamarin 

Jewish Communities Coordination Center 

in Kherson 

Address: Horkoho Str. 27 

73025 Kherson 

Telephone:+(380 552) 26 41 29, 26 28 14, 

22 33 34 

Fax: +(380 552) 32 53 67 

E-mail: chabad1@selena.kherson.ua 

Contact: Peisakh Eliezer Livshitz 

Vinnytsia Region Jewish Community 

Center MISHPAKHA 

Address: Kosmonavtiv Str. 8 

21021 Vinnytsia 

Telephone:+(380 0432) 468339 

E-mail: mishpakha@vinitsa.com 

Contact: Michail Eugene Zilbert 

Babyn Yar Memorial Fund 

Address: Nemanska Str. 7 

01103 Kyiv 

Telephone:+(380 44) 295 9604 

Fax: +(380 44) 228 7272 

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 

Agudath Israel World Organization 

Address: 84 William Str. 

New York, NY 10038 

USA 

Telephone: +(1 212) 797 9000 

Fax: +(1 212) 269 2843 

American Jewish Joint Distribution 

Committee 

Address: 

711 Third Avenue, 

10th Floor 


USA 

Telephone: +(1 212) 687 6200 

Fax: +(1 212) 370 5467 

Union of Councils 

American Jewish Organization for Human 

Rights 

Address: P.O. Box #581 

290054 Lviv 


Telephone: +( 38 0322) 622219 

Fax: +(38 0322) 631133 

E-mail: meylach@link.lviv.ua 

Contact: Meylakh Sheykhet 

Center for Jewish Art Hebrew University 

Address: Mount Scopus 

Humanities Building 

91905 Jerusalem 

Israel 

Telephone: +(972 2) 5882281 

Fax: +(972 2) 5400105 

148

Committee for the Preservation of the 

Jewish Cemeteries of Ternopal and 

Mickulintsy, Ukraine 

Address: 

1452 55 th Street 

Brooklyn, NY 11219 

USA 

Telephone: +(1 718) 972 2210 

Fax: +(1 718) 853 1633 

Gesher Galicia 

Special Interest Group for Galician Jewish 

Family History 

Internet: www.jewishgen.org/Galicia 

European Council of Jewish Communities 

Address: The Forum 

74/80 Camden Street 

London NW1 OEG 

UK 

Telephone: +(44) 207380 000 

Fax: +(44) 207691 1780 

Internet: www.ecjc.org 

E-mail: info@ecjc.org 

International Association of Jewish 

Genealogical Societies 

www.jewishgen.org/ajgs 

International Survey of Jewish Monuments 

Address: P.O. Box 201 

120 Julian Place 

Syracuse, NY 13210 

USA 

Telephone: +(1 315) 474 2350 

Fax: +(1 315) 474 2347 

Jerusalem Center for Documentation of the 

Diaspora Heritage 

Address: P.O.B. 39042 

Givat Ram 

91390 Jerusalem 

Israel 

E-mail: archives@vms.huji.ac.il 

JewishGen Ukraine SIG 

www.jewishgen.org/Ukraine/index.htm 

National Conference on Soviet Jewry 

Address: 

1640 Rhode Island Ave., N.W., 

Ste. 501 


USA 

Telephone: +(1 202) 898 2500 

Fax: +(1 202) 898 0822 

Ukrainian Cemeteries Preservation Society 

Address: 199 Lee Ave., Ste. 127 

Brooklyn, NY 11211 

USA 

Telephone: +(1 718) 887 0961 

Fax: +(1 718) 887 0977 

E-mail: ukrainiancps@juno.com 

Contact: Moshe Landau President 

Union of Councils of Jews in the Former 

Soviet Union 

Telephone: +(1 202) 775 9770 x107 

Fax: +(1 202) 775 9776 

www.fsumonitor.com/frames/whoweare.shtml 

World Jewish Congress 

Address: 501 Madison Avenue 


USA 

Telephone: +(1 212) 756 7570 

World Monuments Fund 

Jewish Heritage Program 

Address: 

95 Madison Ave., 9 th Floor 


USA 

Telephone: +(1 212) 517 9367 

Fax: +(1 212) 517 9494 

149

ARCHIVES, LIBRARIES, MUSEUMS, AND 

OTHER RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS IN 

UKRAINE 

Berdychiv Jewish Community Library 

Address: 9 Sichnia Str. 3 

13300 Berdychiv 

Telephone:+(380 4143) 212 89 

Internet: www.fjc.ru 

Contact: Hana Taler 

Instytut Yudaiky 

(Institute of Jewish Studies) 

Address: Kurska Str. 6. 

03049 Kyiv 

Telephone:+(380 44) 248 89 17 

Fax: +(38 044) 248 89 17 

Internet: www.judaica.kiev.ua 

E-mail: finberg@irf.kiev.ua 

judaica@svitonline.com 

Contact: Director Leonid Finberg 

Jewish Library of Odesa 

Address: Vodoprovidna Str. 13-a 

City: 65011 Odesa 

Telephone:+(380 482) 728 66 16, 37 56 06 

Contact: Larisa Verkhanova 

Jewish Library of Zhytomyr 

Address: Mala Berdyichivska Str. 7 

City: 10014 Zhytomyr 

Telephone:+(380 412) 37 34 28 

Fax: +(380 412) 22 66 08 

Merkaz Gutnick-Collel Chabad Library 


83086 Donetsk 

Telephone:+(380 62) 334 39 97, 334 36 52 

Contact: Vyacheslav Verkhovsky 

Museum of Kerchean Jews 

Address: Tsiolkovskoho Str. 16 

98300 Kerch 

Telephone:+(380 6561) 28 136 

Fax: +(380 6561) 20 356 

E-mail: malka@kerch.com.ua 

Museum of Mykolaiv Jewish Community 

Culture 

Address: Spaskyj Spusk 13 

54001 Mykolaiv 

Telephone:+(380 512) 47 40 84 

Fax: +(380 512) 47 72 21 

Internet: www.jewish.mk.ua/museum 

E-mail: noek@comcent.mk.ua 

Museum of the Sevastopol Jewish 

Community 

Address: Kulakova Str. 26 

99001 Sevastopol 

Crimea 

Telephone:+(380 692) 554 490 

Fax: +(380 692) 559141 

Museum of the History of Crimean Jewry 

(at the Jewish Welfare Center “Hesed 

Shimon”) 

Address: Millera Str. 58 

95048 Simferopol 

Crimea 

Telephone:+(380 652) 519 353 

Fax: +(380 652) 248 172 

E-mail: Shimon@utel.net.ua 

Museum of the History of the Jews of 

Odesa 

Address: Mala Arnautska Str. 46-a 

65023 Odesa 

Telephone:+(380 48) 7289743 

Email: migdalmuseum@tm.odessa.ua 

Contact: Mikhail Rashkovetsky 

Director 

Synagogue of Ivano-Frankivsk 

Archive/Synagogue 

Address: Strachenykh Str. 7 

76000 Ivano-Frankivsk 

Telephone:+(380 3422) 230 29, 348 94 

Fax: +(380 3422) 753 04 

Contact: Rabbi Moishe Leib Kolesnik 

150

JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE 

Note: Almost all of the Jewish communities listed in 

this directory can be located on the Internet at the 

site for the Federation of Jewish Communities of the 

CIS (www.fjc.ru). Communities for which an e-mail 

address is not given can generally be e-mailed from 

their page on the FJC site. 

CIS Central Office 

Address: 5A 2 nd Vysheslavtsev Provulok 

127055 Moscow 

Russia 

Telephone:+(7 095) 783 8472 

Fax: +(7 095) 783 8471 

Contact: Rabbi Avraham Berkowitz 

Executive Director 

CIS US Office 

Address: 580 Fifth Ave., Ste. 800 


USA 

Telephone:+(1 212) 262 3688 

Alchevsk “Mishpacha” of Alchevsk 

Address: Lenina Ave (Prospekt-DU). 5 

94200 Alchevsk 

Telephone:+(380 6442) 2 59 32 

Contact: Mikhail Sorokin 

Olexandria 

Address: Lenina Str.26 

27300 Olexandria 

Telephone:+(380 5235) 2 60 46, 4 43 65 

Contact: Anatoly Obukhovsky 

President 

Artemivsk 

Address: Lermontova Str. 11-72 

84500 Artemivsk 

Telephone:+(380 6274) 6 37 32 

Contact: llya Krichevsky 

Balta 

Address: Kotsiubynskoho Str. 10 

66100 Balta 

Telephone:+(380 4866) 2 29 91 

Contact: Vadim Vinyarsky 

Baranivka 

Address: Dzerzhynskoho Str. 31-2 

12700 Baranivka 

Telephone:+(380 4144) 4 35 20 

Contact: Svetlana Lataria 

Bila Tserkva 

Address: 1 Travnia Bulvar 10-5 

09100 Bila Tserkva 

Telephone:+(380 4463) 531 44 

Fax: +(380 4463) 9 9800 

E-mail: chabad_bel@magnus.kiev.ua 

Contact: Rabbi Meir Holzberg 

Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyj 

Address 67700 Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyj 

Telephone:+(380 4849) 225 76 

E-mail: chabad-bel@magnus.kiev.ua 

Contact: Vladimir Krichevsky 

Bilozerka 

Address: Karla Marksa Str. 58-2 

75000 Bilozerka 

Telephone:+(380 5547) 2 23 93 

Contact: Zakhar Vulakh 

Berdyansk 

Address: 8 Shevtshenko Str., Apt. 10 

71100 Berdyansk 

Telephone:+(380 6153) 4 32 91 

Contact: David Praisman 

Berdychiv 

Address: 9 Sichnia Str. 3 

13300 Berdichev 

Telephone:+(380 4143) 212 89 

Contact: Abram Gleiser 

Berehovo 

Address: Rozeshkert Str. 13 

90200 Berehovo 

Telephone:+(380 03141) 2 28 67 

Contact: Ernst Goldberger 

151

Bershad 

Address: Jakira Str. 4-47 

24400 Bershad 

Telephone:+(380 4352) 2 35 78 

Contact: Efim Vygodner 

Beryslav 

Address: Ostrovskoho Str. 29 

74300 Beryislav 

Telephone:+(380 5546) 3 21 85 

Contact: Viktor Kovnackiy 

Borodianka 

Address: Komsomolska Str. 2-17 

07800 Borodianka 

Telephone:+(380 4477) 5 17 65 

Contact: Elena Martenuk 

Boryslav 

Address: Hrushevskoho Str. 11-46 

82300 Borislav 

Telephone:+(380 3248) 5 16 61 

Contact: Leonid Milman 

Brianka (Jewish Community “Derech 

Yehoshua”) 

Address: Smolenska Str.3 

94100 Brianka 

Telephone:+(380 6443) 5 40 08 

Contact: Valeri Yudovich 

Cherkasy 

Address: Blahovisna Str. 213 

18000 Cherkasy 

Telephone:+(380 472) 47 33 97, 45 99 41 

Contact: Rabbi Dov Axelrod 

Cherniakhiv 

Address: Chervonoarmijska Str. 2-22 

12300 Cherniakhiv 

Telephone:+(380 234) 2 82 46 

Contact: Mikhail Sitnyakovsky 

Chernihiv 

Address: Lenina Str. 27-9 

14000 Chernihiv 

Telephone:+(380 4622) 211 69, 719 58 

Fax: +(380 4622) 7 56 63 

E-mail: musikant@cn.relc.com 

Contact: Semen Belman 

Chernivtsi 

Address: Shkilna Str. 16 

58000 Chernivtsi 

Telephone:+(380 372) 585 192 

Fax: +(380 372) 585 280 

Contact: Rabbi Menachem 

Chortkiv 

Address: Sichynskoho Str. 3-8 

48500 Chortkiv 

Telephone:+(380 3552) 2 37 64 

Fax: +(380 3552) 2 36 66 

Contact: Yakov Baranov 

Chuhuiv 

Address: Kharkivska Str. 155 

63503 Chuhuiv 

Telephone:+(380 5746) 2 39 91 

Contact: Vladimir Golshtein 

Derazhnia 

Address: 32200 Derazhnia 

Telephone:+(380 3856) 28 431 

Contact: Alexandera Voloshina 

Dniprodzerzhynsk 

Address: Arsenecheva Str. 5 

51900 Dniprodzerzhynsk 

Telephone:+(380 5692) 535 075 

Fax: +(380 5692) 778 33 

Contact: Dmitriy Tarnopolsky 

Dnipropetrovsk 

Address: Sholom Aleikhema Str. 4 

49000 Dnipropetrovsk 

Telephone:+(380 562) 34 21 20, 34 21 30 

Fax: +(380 562) 34 21 37 

Internet: www.jew.dp.ua 

Email: jewcom@e-mail.dp.ua 

Contact: Alexander Fridkis 

Donetsk 


83086 Donetsk 

Telephone:+(380 62) 345 00 51 

Internet: www.jewish.donetsk.ua 

E-mail: kelerman@ukr.net 

Contact: Yeguda-Uri Kelerman 

152

Druzhkivka 


84205 Druzhkivka 

Telephone:+(380 6267) 4 51 06 

Contact: Ehsfir Kolyada 

Dubno 

Address: D. Halytskoho Str. 29-41 

35600 Dubno 

Contact: Philip Kruchok 

Dunaivtsi 

Address: Shevchenka Str. 33-1 

32400 Dubno 

Telephone:+(380 3858) 21085, 21791 

Contact: Tatiana Roizner 

Dzerzhynsk 

Address: Molodizna Str. 3 

85295 Dzerzhynsk 

Telephone:+(380 6247) 2 11 84, 4 80 71 

Contact: Rimma Ponomareva 

Fastiv 

Address: Nekrasova Str. 16 

08500 Fastiv 

Telephone:+(380 4465) 54 901 

Contact: Ella Sheinfayn 

Telephone:+(380 4465) 69026 

Contact: Vladimir Boroshenko 

Hadiach 

Address: 50-littia Zhovtnia Str. 2-15 

37300 Hadiach 

Telephone:+(380 5354) 2 32 11 

Contact: Ivan Garansky 

Hajsyn 

Address: I. Franka Str. 57-3 

23700 Hajsyn 

Telephone:+(380 4334) 2 92 65 

Contact: Yuli Doroshev 

Henichesk 

Address: Vorovskoho Provulok 4-2 

75500 Henichesk 

Telephone:+(380 5534) 2 40 74 

Contact: Alexander Volik 

Hlukhiv 

Address: Shevchenka Provulok 31 

41400 Hlukhiv 

Telephone:+(380 5444) 2 47 85 

Contact: Igor Shishko 

Hola Prystan 

Address: Kalinina Str. 11 

75600 Hola Prystan 

Telephone:+(380 5539) 2 33 25 

Contact: Vladimir Kart 

Horlivka 

Address: Prospekt Peremohy. 100-39 

84646 Horlivka 

Telephone:+(380 6242) 2 17 94, 2 70 45 

Contact: Edhuard Braslavsky 

Horodnia 

Address: Volkovycha Str. 16-2 

15100 Horodnia 

Telephone:+(380 4645) 2 18 71 

Contact: Matvey Tcodtkovich 

Horodok 

Address: Smotrytska Str. 45 

32000 Horodok 

Telephone:+(380 3851) 3 13 81 

Contact: Raisa Omelchenko 

Irpin 

Address: 1-j Ukrainskyj Provulok 8 

08200 Irpin 

Telephone:+(380 4497) 5 35 06, 5 80 34 

Contact: Alisa Tevlina 

Ivankiv 

Address: 00720 Ivankiv 

Telephone:+(380 4491) 5 22 09 

Contact: Nelia Grigorovich 

Ivano-Frankivsk 

Address: Strachenykh Str. 7 

76000 Ivano-Frankivsk 

Telephone:+(380 3422) 230 29 

Fax: +(380 3422) 753 04 

Contact: Viktor Kolesnik 

153

Iziaslav 

Address: Nezalezhnosti Str. 21-3 

30300 Iziaslav 

Telephone:+(380 3852) 4 22 05 

Contact: Leonid Lys 

Izium 

Address: Kravtsova Str. 26 

64302 Izium 

Telephone:+(380 5743) 9 42 91 

Contact: Tamara Kostenok 

Izmail 

Address: Klushyna Str. 3, POB 32 

68600 Izmail 

Telephone:+(380 4841) 788 48 

Fax: +(380 4841) 788 55, 221 22 

Contact: Rabbi Shneur Alperovich 

Kaharlyk 

Address: 09200 Kaharlyk 

Telephone:+(380 4473) 5 40 33 

Contact: Lev Geisman 

Kakhovka 

Address: Dzerzhynskoho Str.4 

74800 Kakhovka 

Telephone:+(380 5536) 3 36 10 

Contact: Grigoriy Dubovsky 

Kalininske 

Address: Sovetskaya Str. 171 

74131 Kalininske 

Telephone:+(380 5532) 3 03 62 

Contact: Sima Starosvetskaya 

Kalush 

Address: Karakaya Str. 3-2 

77300 Kalush 

Telephone:+(380 3472) 2 76 55 

Contact: Igor Kerner 

Kamjanets-Podilskyj 

Address: Hrushevskoho Prospekt 32-93 

32300 Kamjanets-Podilskyj 

Telephone:+(380 03849) 3 25 00, 3 43 87 

Contact: Moisey Lam 

Kaniv 

Address: Vorovskoho Str. 75/3 

19000 Kaniv 

Telephone:+(380 4736) 4 73 09,4 20 58 

Contact: Boris Zhitnitskiy 

Koziatyn 

Address: Lenina Str. 27, Apt. 4 

22100 Koziatyn 

Contact: P. Karznerman 

President 

Kharkiv 

Address: Pushkinska Str. 12 

61057 Kharkiv 

Telephone:+(380 57) 712 80 31,712 65 26 

Fax: +(380 57) 712 65 26 

Internet: www.synagogue.kharkov.ua 

E-mail: Kharkiv@fjc.ru 

Contact: Alexander Kaganovsky 

Khartsyzsk 

Address: Mikrorajon Yuvilejnyj 3-23 

86700 Khartsyzsk 

Telephone:+(380 6257) 4 05 08 

Contact: Semen Vainshtein 

Kherson 

Address: Horkoho Str. 27 

73025 Kherson 

Telephone:+(380 552) 26 41 29, 26 28 14 

Fax: +(380 552) 32 53 67 

E-mail: kherson@fjc.ru 

chabad@selena.kherson.ua 

Contact: Rabbi Yosef-Ytzkhak Wolf 

Khmilnyk 

Address: 1 Travnia Str. 9-48 

22000 Khmilnyk 

Telephone:+(380 43388) 56 32 

Contact: Mariya Koltonyuk 

Khmelnytskyj 

Address: Kaminetska Str. 58/1 

29000 Khmelnytskyj 

Telephone:+(380 382) 29 01 59 

Fax: +(380 382) 29 01 59 

Email: raskinyehoshua@walla.co.il 

Contact: Rabbi Yehoshua Raskin 

154

Khotyn 

Address: Sviato-Pokrovska Str. 38-3 

60000 Khotyn 

Telephone:+(380 3731) 2 18 62 

Contact: Yakov Postelnik 

Khust 

Address: Svobody Str. 23-21 

90400 Khust 

Telephone:+(380 31422) 20 35 

Contact: Semen Repkin 

Kirovohrad 

Address: Dzerzhynskoho Str. 90 

25000 Kirovohrad 

Telephone:+(380 522) 32 16 58 

E-mail: zakuta@romb.net 

Contact: Rabbi Dan Zakuta 

Kolomyja 

Address: Fedkovycha Str. 16 

78200 Kolomyja 

Telephone:+(380 3433) 26 469 

Contact: Alexander Babichenko 

Komsomolsk “Menora” 

Address: Molodizhnyj Provulok 52-17 

39800 Komsomolsk 

Contact: Oskar Rozenberg 

Konotop 

Address: Shevchenka Str. 33 

41615 Konotop 

Telephone:+(380 5447) 4 13 61 

Contact: Arkadiy Konyavsk 

Konstantynivka 

Address: Horkoho Str. 18-7 

85114 Konstantynivka 

Telephone:+(380 6272) 4 51 57, 4 09 26 

Contact: Boris Kozlov 

Korosten 

Address: Melnikova Str. 4-67 

11500 Korosten 

Telephone:+(380 4142) 479 09, 495 17 

Contact: Ilya Korytny 

Korostyshiv 

Address: Radianska Str. 4 

12500 Korostyshiv 

Telephone:+(380 4130) 3 61 19 

Contact: Zhanna Kozachuk 

Korsun-Shechenkivsky 

Address: Shevchenka Str. 22 

19400 Korsun-Shechenkivsky 

Telephone:+(380 4735) 2 05 04 

Contact: Naum Goroisman 

Kostopil 

Address: Skliana Str. 2-29 

35000 Kostopil 

Telephone:+(380 3657) 2 15 07 

Contact: Vladimir Dynkin 

Kramatorsk 

Address: Dvirtseva Str. 47 

84300 Kramatorsk 

Telephone:+(380 6264) 3 19 05 

Contact: Ehduard Matveev 

Krasnoarmijsk 

Address: Stepana Tomanova Str. 10-19 

85301 Krasnoarmijsk 

Telephone:+(380 6239) 9 68 33, 2 73 13 

Contact: Aaron Zak 

Krasnodon “Ha-Tikva” 

Address: Radianska Str. 3/135 

94400 Krasnodon 

Telephone:+(380 6435) 2 50 25 

Contact: Yuri Litvinetz 

Krasnyj Luch 

Address: Komunistychna Str. 23 

94500 Krasnyj Luch 

Telephone:+(380 6432) 4 77 49 

Contact: Yakov Basin 

Krasyliv 

Address: Kotsiubynskoho Str. 1-3 

31000 Krasyliv 

Telephone:+(380 3855) 21317 

Contact: Tatiana Vengerovskaya 

155

Kremenchuk 

Address: Kvartalna Str. 3 

39600 Kremenchuk 

Telephone:+(380 5366) 251 71 

Fax: +(380 5366) 201 01 

E-mail: shlomo@vicard.net 

Contact: Rabbi Shlomo David Solomon 

Kryvyj Rih 

Address: Mikrorajon Soniachnyj 25a 

50026 Kryvyj Rih 

Telephone:+(380 564) 90 45 52 

Fax: +(380 564) 90 44 95 

E-mail: ira@alba.dp.ua 

Contact: Alexander Uchitel 

Krolevets 

Address: I. Franka Str. 2-2 

41300 Krolevets 

Telephone:+(380 5453) 9 77 80 

Contact: Bella Dubrovskaya 

Kyiv 

Address: Oblonska Str. 35, Apt. 23 

04071 Kyiv 

Contact: Rabbi Berl Karasik 

Letychiv 

Address: Kalinina Str. 7-4 

31500 Letychiv 

Telephone:+(380 3857) 9 18 58 

Contact: Zinaida Dres 

Lysychansk 

Address: Zhovtneva 4/18 

93100 Lysychansk 

Telephone:+(380 6451) 5 25 21 

Contact: Boris Ershengoren 

Lozova 

Address: 64600 Lozova 

Telephone:+(380 5745) 2 03 80 

Contact: Serafima Sheshmilova 

Lubny 

Address: Lunacharskoho Str. 9 

37500 Lubny 

Telephone:+(380 53615) 6 94 62 

Contact: Aleksander Lasutra 

Luhansk 

Address: Khersonskyj tupyk 7a 

91053 Lugansk 

Telephone:+(380 642) 50 13 36 

Contact: Iosif Lovin 

Lutsk 

Address: Sobornosti Prospekt. 25a-35 

43000 Lutsk 

Telephone:+(380) (67) 7886835/ 3784111 

Fax: +(380 3322) 2 80 00 

Contact: Ashortiya Murabi 

Lviv 

Address: Brativ Mikhnovskych Str. 4 

79018 Lviv 

Telephone:+(380 3223) 83804 

Fax: +(380 3223) 83804 

Contact: Mordechai S. Bald 

President 

Makariv 

Address: B. Khmelnytskoho Str. 12 

80000 Makariv 

Telephone:+(380 4478) 45235 

Contact: Ekaterina Fraevich 

Makiivka 


86100 Makiivka 

Telephone:+(380 6232) 9 40 70 

Contact: Aleksander Katz 

Marhanets 

Address: 53400 Marhanets 

Telephone:+(380 5662) 4 90 13 

Contact: Mikhail Bluvband 

Mariupol 

Address: Kharlampiivska Str. 6 

87500 Mariupol 

Telephone:+(380 629) 35 80 43 

Contact: Moisey Kertzer 

156

Melitopol 

Address: Beliakova Provulok 24 

72300 Melitopol 

Telephone:+(380 619) 428 161 

E-mail: kramer@mediana.net.ua 

Contact: Rabbi Eliahu Kramer 

Mohyliv-Podilskyj 

Address: Staviskaya Str. 65-131 

24002 Mogilev-Podolsky 

Telephone:+(380 4337) 2 31 06 

Fax: +(380 4337) 2 51 56 

Contact: Roman Trakhtengertz 

Mukachevo 

Address: Michurina Str. 1-13 

89600 Mukachevo 

Telephone:+(380 3131) 5 28 87 

Contact: Avraham Leibovich 

Mykolaiv 

Address: K. Libknekhta Str. 15 

54001 Mykolaiv 

Telephone:+(380 512) 35 55 39, 35 30 72 

Fax: +(380 512) 58 05 36 

Internet: www.mkjcc.org 

E-mail: nikolayev@fjc.ru 

shalom@gottlib.mk.ru 

Contact: Rabbi Shalom Gottlib 

Nikopol 

Address: Trubnikova Ave. 103/45 

53200 Nikopol 

Telephone:+(380 5662) 9 64 61, 1 17 75 

Contact: Aleksander Feldman 

Nizhyn 

Address: Podvojskoho Str. 6-9 

16600 Nizhyn 

Telephone:+(380 4631) 33757 

Fax: +(380 4631) 5 21 91 

Contact: Lev Sokolovskiy 

Nova Kakhovka 

Address: K. Marksa Str. 28-7 

74900 Nova Kakhovka 

Telephone:+(380 5549) 4 51 33 

Contact: Mikhail Vaisman 

Nova Odesa 

Address: Naberezhna Str. 69 

Nova Odesa 

Telephone:+(380 5167) 9 22 84 

Contact: Aleksander Prokopchuk 

Novohrad-Volynskyj 

Address: Kirova Str. 16-12 

11700 Novohrad-Volynskyj 

Telephone:+(380 4141) 5 56 58 

Contact: Haim Rudin 

Novomoskovsk 

Address: Zhovtneva Str. 8/3 

51200 Novomoskovsk 

Telephone:+(380 5612) 2 73 91, 2 61 01, 

2 47 20 

Contact: Aleksander Reznik 

Novyj Buh 

Telephone:+(380 5151) 9 17 14 

Contact: Efim Grichevsky 

Odesa “Shomrei Shabos” 

Address: Osipova Str. 21 

65011 Odesa 

Telephone:+(380 482) 21 88 90, 21 87 36 

Fax: +(380 482) 49 63 01 

Internet: www.odessa@fjc.ru 

E-mail wolffodessa@hotmail.co.il 

Contact: Rabbi Avraham Wolf 

Olevsk 

Address: 50 littia Zhovtnia Str. 54 

11000 Olevsk 

Telephone:+(380 4135) 2 16 94 

Contact: Mikhail Shapiro 

Ovruch 

Address: Saburova Str. 52-3 

11100 Ovruch 

Telephone:+(380 4148) 2 36 51 

Contact: Iosif Fridman 

157

Pavlovhrad 

Address: Poltavska Str. 107/15 

51400 Pavlovhrad 

Telephone:+(380 5632) 6 24 53,4 26 07 

Contact: Evgeny Didkovsky 

Perejaslav-Khmelnytskyj 

Address: Himnazychna Str. 26/22-14 

08400 Perejaslav-Khmelnytskyj 

Telephone:+(380 4467) 5 20 98 

Contact: Tzilya Gekhtman 

Pervomajsk 

Telephone:+(380 5161) 4 33 18 

Contact: Mikhail Shefkin 

Pjatykhatky 

Telephone:+(380 5651) 3 08 01 

Contact: Stanislav Sedler 

Polohy 

Telephone:+(380 6165) 2 17 69 

Contact: Boris Shlyakman 

Poltava 

Address: Hohola Str. 10-24 

36034 Poltava 

Telephone:+(380 532) 50 82 50 

Fax: +(380 532) 50 83 05 

E-mail: poltava@oravner.ru 

Contact: Rabbi Yosef Segal 

Pryluky 

Address: Perejaslovska Str. 37-5 

17500 Pryluky 

Telephone:+(380 4637) 5 25 70 

Fax: +(380 4637) 5 32 93 

Contact: Pavel Lipin 

Pyriatyn 

Address: V. Velyka Krucha, 

Pyriatynskyj rajon, 

Poltavska oblast 

Telephone:+(380 5358) 2 25 74 

Contact: Vladimir Gurevich 

Rakhiv 

Address: B. Khmelnytskoho Str. 81-4 

90600 Rakhiv 

Telephone:+(380 3132) 2 2265 

Contact: Sofia Stoliarskaya 

Rivne 

Address: Kniahyni Olhy Str. 14a, 8 

33000 Rivne 

Telephone:+(380 3622) 42605 

Contact: Moisey Fish 

Rokytne 

Address: Kirova Str. 14/b-36 

96000 Rokytne 

Telephone:+(380 4462) 6 17 28 

Contact: Elena Smelenko 

Rubizhne 

Address: Lenina Str. 3 

93000 Rubizhne 

Telephone:+(380 6453) 7 64 66 

Contact: Yevgeny Chernuy 

Sarny 

Address: Prosvity Str. 6/a-35 

34500 Sarny 

Telephone:+(380 3655) 3 33 03 

Contact: Lazar Fishman 

Sevastopol 

Address: Striletskyj Spusk Str. 1 

99009 Sevastopol 

Telephone:+(380 692) 55 91 41 

Contact: Alla Krasnovit 

Severodonetsk 

Address: Hohola Str. 25 

94427 Severodonetsk 

Telephone:+(380 6452) 4 03 82 

Contact: Rafail Rivkin 

Shakhtarsk 

Address: Haharina Str. 66 

86200 Shakhtarsk 

Telephone:+(380 6255) 4 37 99 

Contact: Leonid Vartanov 

Sharhorod 

Address: Karla Marksa Str. 41 

23500 Sharhorod 

Contact: Arkady Shmulevitsh 

President 

158

Shchors 


15200 Shchors 

Telephone:+(380 04654) 2 21 83 

Contact: Mark Lyustekman 

Shepetivka 

Address: Myru Pr. 36-31 

30400 Shepetivka 

Telephone:+(380 3840) 5 24 97 

Contact: Mark Maizlish 

President 

Shostka 

Address: Lunacharskoho Str. 7-1 

41100 Shostka 

Telephone:+(380 5449) 7 25 08 

Contact: Samuil Borschevsky 

Simferopol 

Address: Mironova Str. 24 

95001 Simferopol 

Telephone:+(380 652) 27 69 32 

Internet: www.chabadcrim@cris.crmer.ua 

E-mail: simferopol@fjc.ru 

Contact: Rabbi Ytzkhak Meir Lipshitz 

Chief Rabbi 

Skadovsk 

Address: Proletarska Str. 29-12 

75700 Skadovsk 

Telephone:+(380 5537) 2 56 10 

Contact: Lidija Shcherbak 

Skvira 

Address: Bohachevskoho Str. 48-2 

09000 Skvira 

Telephone:+(380 4468) 5 30 76 

Contact: Efim Shvartzburd 

Slavuta 

Address: Enhelsa Str. 28 

30000 Slavuta 

Telephone:+(380 3842) 2 30 59 

Fax: +(380 3842) 2 30 59 

Contact: Igor Karasik 

Slavjansk 

Address: Chubaria Str. 10-85 

84112 Slavjansk 

Telephone:+(380 6262) 2 82 37; 3 40 61 

Contact: Vladimir Ledniak 

Slavjansk 

Address: Karla Marksa Str. 45, Apt. 8 

84105 Slavjansk 

Contact: Yuchim Fayfer 

President 

Smila 

Address: Per. Fruktovyj 3 

20700 Smila 

Telephone:+(380 4733) 4 33 52, 4 61 65 

Contact: Petr Lozovatsky 

Stakhanov “Beit Menachem” 

Address: Dzerzhynskoho Str. 14 

94000 Stakhanov 

Telephone:+(380 6444) 2 63 83 

Contact: Mikhail Korsunsky 

Starokostantyniv 

Address: Myru Str. 1/144-2 

31100 Starokostantyniv 

Telephone:+(380 3854) 2 23 74 

Contact: Moisey Glikman 

Stavyshche 

Address: Kunytskoho Str. 4-8 

09400 Stavyshche 

Telephone:+(380 4464) 52527 

Contact: Mania Geisman 

Sumy 

Address: Skpruna Str. 17 

40001 Sumy 

Telephone:+(380 542) 25 53 30 

Contact: Aleksander Goron 

Svaliava 

Address: Lesi Ukrainky Str. 32-3 

89300 Svaliava 

Telephone:+(380 3133) 2 13 79 

Contact: Adolf Gershkovich 

159

Svitlovodsk 

Address: V. Bojka 10 

27500 Svitlovodsk 

Telephone:+(380 5236) 4 24 75, 2 55 49 

Contact: Aleksander Briker 

Synelnykovo 

Address: Petrovskoho Str. 31/1 

52500 Synelnykovo 

Telephone:+(380 4736) 4 33 62 

Contact: Minna Brovun 

Tarashcha 

Address: B. Khmelnytskoho Str. 17 

09500 Tarashcha 

Telephone:+(380 4466) 5 47 44 

Contact: Vasili Melnichenko 

Teofipol 


30600 Teofipol 

Telephone:+(380 3844) 12634 

Contact: Emma Zon 

Ternopil 

Address: D. Halytskoho Bulvar 14-26 

46000 Ternopil 

Telephone:+(380 3522) 263 24 

Fax: +(380 3522) 154 24 

Contact: David Fainshtein 

Ternivka 

Address: Lermontova Str. 4-24 

Dnipropetrovska oblast 

51502 Ternivka 

Telephone:+(380 50) 922 8549 

Contact: Viktor Kosarev, 

Sergey Trofimov 

Chairman 

Tokmak 

Address: Shevchenka Str. 47/8 

71700 Tokmak 

Telephone:+(380 6178) 2 32 82 

Contact: Ilya Komadey 

President 

Torez 

Address: Pushkina Str. 32-2 

86600 Torez 

Telephone:+(380 5254) 3 04 36 

Contact: Arkadiy Gershberg 

Truskavets 

Address: Ivasiuka Str. 15-72 

82200 Truskavets 

Telephone:+(380 3247) 43013 

Contact: Feliks Rivkin 

Cherkasy 

Address: 246 Shevchenko Str., Apt. 7 

18002 Cherkasy 

Contact: Boris Kaplun 

President 

Chernivtsi 

Address: Lukjana Kobylytsi Str. 53 

58003 Chernivtsi 

Contact: Noach Kofmansky 

Tsiurupinsk 

Address: Hvardijska Str. 44 

75100 Tsiurupinsk 

Telephone:+(380 5542) 2 19 20 

Contact: Valeri Svechnik 

Ukrainka 

Address: Enerhetykiv Str. 3-13 

08720 Ukrainka 

Telephone:+(380 4472) 2 28 47 

Contact: Maria Krasnyuk 

Uman 


20300 Uman 

Telephone:+(380 4744) 5 29 22, 5 51 49 

Contact: Mikhail Kogos 

President 

Uzhhorod 

Address: Tsvitna Str. 3 

88000 Uzhhorod 

Telephone:+(380 312) 22 65 88 

Contact: Ivan Moshkovich 

160

Vinnytsia 

Address: Soborna Str. 62 

21021 Vinnytsia 

Telephone:+(380 432) 32 66 82 

Email: chabvini@apexnet.com.ua 

Vorzel 

Address: Shevchenka Str. 3a-115 

08200 Vorzel 

Telephone:+(380 4497) 5 52 21 

Contact: Asya Rekes 

Voznesensk 

Address: Siniakova Str. 18-36 

56500 Voznesenk 

Telephone:+(380 5134) 4 03 96 

Contact: Dmitry Abramovich 

Vynohradovo 

Address: Krupska Str. 32, pos. Vilok 

90300 Vynohradovo 

Telephone:+(380 3143) 25 513 

Contact: Nikolay Vais 

Vyzhnytsia 

Address: Ruska Str. 1 

59200 Vyzhnytsia 

Telephone:+(380 3730) 2 17 59 

Contact: Aleksander Tausher 

Yenakievo 

Address: Peredovykiv Str. 5-12 

86429 Yenakievo 

Telephone:+(380 6252) 5 13 32, 5 42 93 

Contact: Mikhail Khaikin 

President 

Zhovti Vody 

Address: Pershotravneva Str. 34/51 

52200 Zhovti Vody 

Telephone:+(380 5652) 3 41 17, 3 27 01 

Contact: Evgeny Yudelevich 

Zhytomyr 

Address: Mala Berdychivska Str. 7 

10014 Zhytomyr 

Telephone:+(380 412) 22 66 08 

Email: 

uazhitomir@fjc.ru 

wilhelm@chabad.zt 

Contact: Vladimir Rozengurten 

Chief Rabbi 

Zolotonosha 

Address: Hohola Str. 31, Apt.1 

19700 Zolotonosha 

Telephone:+(380 4737) 5 40 60 

Contact: Mikhail Peretyatko 

President 

Zvenyhorodka 

Address: Sverdlova Str. 3a 

20200 Zvenyhorodka 

Telephone:+(380 4740) 5 21 61 

Contact: Leonid Braslavsky 

President 

Yuzhnoukrainsk 

Address: 55000 Yuzhnoukrainsk 

Telephone:+(380 5136) 2 20 71 

Contact: Sergei Rozbaum 

Zaporizhzha “Yachad” 

Address: Turgeneva Str. 22 

69063 Zaporizhzha 

Telephone:+(380 612) 63 06 12, 64 29 61 

Fax: +(380 612) 64 44 28 

Email: nachm@zp.ukrtel.net 

Contact: Chief Rabbi Boris Esterkin 

161

Appendix VII: The Survey Form 

Survey Instrument for Jewish Cemeteries 

Prepared by Samuel Gruber, Research Director, 

U.S. Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad 

888 17 th Street, NW, Suite 1160 

Washington, DC 20006, USA 

The following survey questionnaire is divided into 12 sections. 

I. The Town: Present Circumstances 

Information needed to place the data in a contemporary context, and to help organize the 

collected material. 

II. Contact People 

Information needed to update information, to help monitor sites, and to use if site should be 

revisited, or should the possibility of restoration arise. 

III. History 

Information needed to place site and data in a historical context, and also have available to help 

encourage interest in protecting and preserving the site. 

IV. Location, Markers, Access, Security 

Information needed to assess current situation and, possibly, security needs of site. 

V. Tombstones and Memorial Markers 

Information needed to assess condition of cemetery, and historic and artistic value of remaining 

tombstones. 

VI. Current Use of Cemetery Site 

Information needed to assess condition of cemetery and restoration needs, prior to preservation 

planning. 

VII. Appearance and Condition of Cemetery 



162

VIII. Care and Restoration of the Cemetery 



IX. Structures 



X. Recommendations 

An assessment of the most immediate dangers to the cemetery. 

XI. Survey Background 

Information concerning the completion of the survey needed should more work be required, if 

data needs to be checked, and if further questions need to be answered. 

XII. Basis for Completing the Survey 

Information concerning the completion of the survey needed to evaluate how complete and upto-date 

the survey data is. 

Note: 

Please answer as many of the questions as possible. It is understood that not every question is 

applicable to each site. If a question is not applicable please answer n/a. 

Please feel free to provide additional information about the site, its history and its condition if 

this information is available. 

Thank you. 

163

I. The Town: Present Circumstances 

1. Name of town or village in which cemetery is located, or town/village nearest to cemetery 

2. Address of cemetery or location vis-a-vis above named town or village 

3. Alternate/former names of town or village 

Yiddish: 

German: 

Hungarian: 

Polish: 

English: 

other: 

4. Province or region 

5. Longitude and Latitude 

6. Distance from larger towns or centers (specify) 

7. Present total town population 

a. under 1,000 

b. 1,000 - 5,000 

c. 5,000 - 25,000 

d. 25,000 - 100,000 

e. over 100,000 

8. Present Jewish population 

a. none 

b. under 10 

c. 10 - 100 

d. 100 - 1,000 

e. 1,000 - 10,000 

f. over 10,000 

II. Contact People 

(Give as complete information as possible, with names, titles, addresses and telephone numbers) 

9. Names of town officials (mayor, administrator, etc.) and offices (municipal office, records 

office, etc.) with addresses and telephone numbers 

10. Names of local government, conservation, and religious authorities or offices responsible for 

site 

11. Names of regional political, preservation, and religious authorities or offices responsible for 

site 

164

12. Names of local or regional individuals, institutions, or organizations interested in site, even if 

they are not responsible for it 

13. If the Jewish cemetery is locked, who has key? (Give address and telephone number) 

14. If the Jewish cemetery has a caretaker, give name and address 

15. List other individuals, offices, institutions or organizations who may have information about 

the cemetery 

III. History 

16. Date of earliest known Jewish community in town 

17. Jewish population as of last census before the Second World War (Give date, if known) 

18. Noteworthy historical events involving or affecting the Jewish community 

19. Noteworthy individuals who lived in this Jewish community 

20. Date Jewish cemetery was established 

21. Tzadakkim and other noteworthy Jews buried in cemetery 

22. Date of last known Jewish burial in cemetery 

23. Type of Jewish community which used this cemetery 

a. Orthodox (if Hasidic list branch): __________________________ 

b. Orthodox (Sephardic) 

c. Conservative 

d. Progressive/Reform 

e. Neolog 

f. other (specify) 

24. Did communities from other towns and villages use this cemetery? If so, which 

communities? 

25. Approximate distance of cemetery from congregations which used it 

26. Is the cemetery listed and/or protected as a local, regional, or national landmark or 

monument? 

a. yes 

b. no 

If yes, give details. 

165

IV. Location, Markers, Access, Security 

27. The cemetery location is 

a. urban 

b. suburban 

c. rural (agricultural) 

d. rural (woods/forest) 

e. between fields and woods 

f. other _____________________ 

28. The cemetery is located 

a. on flat land 

b. on a hillside 

c. at the crown of a hill 

d. by water 

e. other _____________________ 

29. The cemetery is 

a. isolated 

b. part of a municipal cemetery 

c. separate, but near other cemeteries 

d. other _____________________ 

30. The cemetery is marked by 

a. a sign or plaque in a local language (Specify language:____________________) 

b. a sign or plaque in Yiddish 

c. a sign or plaque in Hebrew 

d. inscriptions in Hebrew on gate or wall 

e. inscriptions on pre-burial house 

f. no sign, but Jewish symbols on gate or wall (Star of David, Menorah, etc.) 

g. no sign or marker 

h. inscriptions in other languages (Specify:___________________) 

30a. If you answered Question 30 by checking a, b, or c, does the marker 

mention 

a. Jews 

b. the Holocaust 

c. the Jewish Community 

d. famous individuals buried in cemetery 

e. other (Specify:___________________________) 

31. The cemetery is reached by 

a. turning directly off a public road 

b. turning directly off a private road 

c. crossing other public property (Specify:_____________________) 

d. crossing private property 

e. other (Specify:______________________________________________) 

166

32. Access to the cemetery is 

a. open to all 

b. open with permission 

c. entirely closed 

d. other __________________ 

33. The cemetery is surrounded by 

a. a continuous masonry wall 

b. a broken masonry wall 

c. a continuous fence 

d. a broken fence 

e. no wall or fence 

f. a hedge or row of trees or bushes 

g. other _________________________ 

34. The cemetery has 

a. a gate that locks 

b. a gate that does not lock 

c. no gate 

VI. Appearance and Condition of Cemetery 

35. Approximate size of cemetery before the Second World War in hectares 

36. Present size of cemetery in hectares 

37. Approximate number of gravestones in cemetery, regardless of condition or position 

a. no stones visible 

b. 1 to 20 

c. 21 to 100 

d. 101 - 500 

e. 501 - 5000 

f. more than 5000 

38. Approximate number of gravestones in original locations, regardless of condition 

a. none 

b. 1 to 20 

c. 21 to 100 

d. 101 - 500 

e. 501 - 5000 


39. Approximate number of stones in cemetery, but not in original locations 

a. none 

b. 1 to 20 

c. 21 to 100 

d. 101 - 500 

e. 501 - 5000 


167

40. Approximate percentage of surviving stones toppled or broken, whether or not in original 

locations 

a. none 

b. less than 25% 

c. 26% - 50% 

d. 51% - 75% 

e. more than 75% 

41. Is the location of stones that have been removed from the cemetery known? 

a. yes 

b. no 

c. not known 

41a. If the answer to 41 is (a), how many stones are 

a. in another cemetery (Location: ___________________________) 

b. in a museum or conservation laboratory (Location:________________) 

c. incorporated into roads or structures (Location:___________________) 

d. in private collections (Location: ___________________________) 

e. elsewhere (Location: ___________________________) 

42. Vegetation overgrowth in the cemetery is 

a. not a problem 

b. a seasonal problem, preventing access 

c. a constant problem, disturbing graves 

d. a constant problem, disturbing tombstones 

e. a constant problem, damaging tombstones 

43. Water drainage at the cemetery is 

a. good all year round (not a problem) 

b. a seasonal problem 

c. a constant problem 

VI. Tombstones and Memorial Markers 

(Note: Check as many answers as are appropriate) 

44. Is the cemetery divided into special sections? 

a. yes 

b. no 

c. unable to determine 

d. impossible to determine 

44a. If the answer to 44 is yes, which sections? 

a. men 

b. women 

c. unmarried men 

d. unmarried women 

e. rabbis 

f. Cohanim 

168

g. children 

h. women who died during childbirth 

i. suicides 

j. refugees 

k. other: _________________________ 

45. What is the oldest known gravestone in the cemetery? 

46. Tombstones in the cemetery are datable from 

a. before 1500 

b. 16th century 

c. 17th century 

d. 18th century 

e. 19th century 

f. 20th century 

47. Tombstones and memorial markers are made of 

a. marble 

b. granite 

c. limestone 

d. sandstone 

e. slate 

f. iron 

g. other ________________________ 

48. The cemetery contains tombstones that are 

a. rough stones or boulders 

b. flat shaped stones 

c. finely smoothed and inscribed stones 

d. flat stones with carved relief decoration 

e. double tombstones 

f. sculpted monuments 

g. multi-stone monuments 

h. horizontally set stones with Sephardic inscriptions 

i. obelisks 

j. other _____________________________ 

k. none of the above 

49. The cemetery has tombstones 

a. with traces of painting on their surfaces 

b. with iron decorations or lettering 

c. with bronze decorations or lettering 

d. with other metallic elements 

e. portraits on stones 

f. metal fences around graves 

g. none of the above 

169

50. Inscriptions on tombstones are in 

a. Hebrew 

b. Yiddish 

c. Polish 

d. German 

e. Czech 

f. Slovak 

g. Russian 

h. Hungarian 

i. other (specify ________________) 

51. The cemetery contains special memorial monuments to 

a. Holocaust victims 

b. pogrom victims 

c. epidemic victims 

d. Jewish soldiers 

e. other _________________________ 

52. The cemetery contains 

a. marked mass graves 

b. unmarked mass graves 

c. no known mass graves 

VII. Current Use of Cemetery Site 

(Note: Check as many answers as appropriate) 

53. The present owner of the cemetery property is 

a. the local Jewish community 

b. the national Jewish community 

c. the municipality 

d. a regional or national governmental agency 

e. private individual(s) 

f. unknown 

54. The cemetery property is now used for 

a. Jewish cemetery 

b. part Jewish and part_______________ 

c. agricultural use (crops or animal grazing) 

d. recreational use (park, playground, sports field) 

e. industrial or commercial use 

f. storage 

g. waste dumping 

h. residential 

i. other ________________________________ 

170

55. Properties adjacent to cemetery are 

a. recreational 

b. commercial or industrial 

c. agricultural 

d. residential 

e. other: __________________________________ 

56. Compared to 1939, the cemetery boundaries enclose 

a. the same area 

b. a larger area 

c. a smaller area 

d. not known 

57. The cemetery is visited 

a. frequently 

b. occasionally 

c. rarely 

If answer is a, b, or d, skip to question 57. 

56a. If the boundaries are smaller, they have been reduced as a result of 

a. new roads or highways 

b. housing development 

c. commercial or industrial development 

d. agriculture 

e. other ___________________________ 

58. The cemetery is visited by 

a. organized Jewish group tours or pilgrimage groups 

b. organized individual tours 

c. private visitors (Jewish or non-Jewish) 

d. local residents 

e. other ____________________________ 

VIII. Care and Restoration of the Cemetery 

59. The cemetery is known to have been vandalized (stones overturned, broken, or stolen; graffiti 

painted on walls or stones, etc.; graves desecrated) 

a. never 

b. prior to the Second World War 

c. during the Second World War 

d. never in last ten years (1981-1991) 

e. occasionally, between 1981 and 1991 

f. frequently, between 1981 and 1991 

g. between 1945 and 1981 

171

60. What care has been taken of the cemetery? 

a. re-erection of tombstones 

b. patching of broken tombstones 

c. cleaning of tombstones 

d. clearing of vegetation 

e. fixing of wall 

f. fixing of gate 

g. no maintenance 

h. other __________________________ 

If answer to Question 60 is (g), skip to Question 63 

61. If restoration has been carried out, who was responsible for the work? 

a. local non-Jewish residents 

b. other individuals or groups of non-Jewish origin 

c. local/municipal authorities 

d. regional/national authorities 

e. Jewish individuals within country 

f. Jewish individuals abroad 

g. Jewish groups within country 

h. Jewish groups abroad 

i. other (Specify: _______________________________________) 

62. If restoration work was carried out, when was it done? 

Specify: ______________________________________ 

62a. If restoration work was carried out, has there since been vandalism? 

a. yes 

b. no 

63. How is the cemetery cared for now? 

a. not at all 

b. occasional clearing or cleaning by individuals 

c. occasional clearing or cleaning by authorities 

d. regular caretaker 

e. other _________________________________ 

64. If there is a caretaker, how is he paid? 

a. not paid 

b. paid by the Jewish Congregation of __________________ 

c. paid by a local contribution 

d. paid regularly by Jewish survivors (specify: _________________________) 

e. paid by contributions from visitors 

f. paid by the government 

g. other _______________________________________________ 

h. n/a (no caretaker) 

172

IX. Structures 

65. Within the limits of the cemetery 

a. there are no structures 

b. there is a pre-burial house 

c. there is an ohel 

d. there is more than one ohel 

e. there is a well 

f. there are other structures (Specify:___________________________________) 

66. If there is a pre-burial houses, its has 

a. a tahara (table) 

b. a catafalque 

c. wall inscriptions 

d. a chimney 

e. other distinctive features (Specify:___________________________________) 

X. Recommendations 

Please rate the problems facing this cemetery, using the following code: 

1 = no threat 

2 = slight threat 

3 = moderate threat 

4 = serious threat 

5 = very serious threat 

67. Security 1 2 3 4 5 

(Uncontrolled access) 

68. Weather erosion 1 2 3 4 5 

69. Pollution 1 2 3 4 5 

70. Vegetation 1 2 3 4 5 

71. Vandalism 1 2 3 4 5 

(Destruction or defacement 

of stones and graves) 

72. Incompatible nearby 

development (Existing) 1 2 3 4 5 

73. Incompatible development 

(Planned or proposed) 1 2 3 4 5 

When possible, provide specific information on threats rated 4 (serious) or 5 (very serious) 

173

XI. Survey Background 

74. Name, address and telephone numbers of person or persons completing this survey 

75. Date this questionnaire was completed 

XII. Basis for Completing the Survey 

76. What documentation was used to complete this survey? 

77. Does other documentation exist? 

77a _____ yes 

_____ no 

_____ not known 

77b 

If yes, why wasn't it used? 

_____ it is too old 

_____ it is too general 

_____ it is not accessible 

_____ it is not reliable 

_____ other _________________ 

78. Was the site visited for this survey? 

_____ yes 

_____ no 

78a If yes, give the date(s) of the visit 

78b Who visited the site? (name and address) 

79. Were interviews conducted for this survey? 

_____ yes 

_____ no 

79a If yes, give name(s) of person(s) interviewed, date(s) of interview and place(s) of 

interview 

XIII. Recommendations: 

XIV. Additional Comments: 

174

Appendix VIII: 

Agreement Between the Government of the United 

States of America and the Government of Ukraine on 

the Protection and Preservation of Cultural Heritage 

The Government of the United States of America and the Government of Ukraine, 

Desiring to enhance the protection of cultural heritage and provide access to the treasures of 

national and world culture without discrimination, 

Seeking to promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial, or 

religious groups, 

Convinced that each culture has a dignity and a value which must be respected and preserved, 

and that all cultures form part of the common heritage belonging to all mankind, 

Considering that destruction or disappearance of items of the cultural heritage of any racial, 

ethnic or religious group constitutes an irreparable impoverishment of any nation and mankind 

as a whole, 

Reaffirming their determination to take steps to frustrate the objectives of those who sought or 

seek to eradicate the cultural heritage, 

Seeking to promote knowledge of and respect for world cultures and national heritage, 

Considering that the protection of cultural heritage can be effective only if organized both 

nationally and internationally among states working in close cooperation, and 

Desirous of elaborating concrete steps in furtherance of the principles and purposes of the 1972 

Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage with respect to items 

of the cultural heritage of the victims of genocide during the Second World War, 

Have agreed as follows: 

1. Each Party will take appropriate steps to protect and preserve the cultural heritage of all 

national, religious, or ethnic groups (hereinafter referred to as “Groups”) who reside or resided 

in its territory and were such victims of the Second World War. The term “cultural heritage” 

for the purposes of this Agreement means places of worship, sites of historical significance, 

monuments, cemeteries, and memorials to the dead, as well as related archival materials. 

2. The Parties shall cooperate in identifying lists of appropriate items falling within the 

scope of paragraph 1, particularly those which are in danger of deterioration or destruction. 

Such lists may be published jointly or by either Party. 

175

3. Each Party will ensure that there is no discrimination, in form or in fact, against the 

cultural heritage of any groups or against the nationals of the other Party in the scope and 

application of its laws and regulations concerning: 

the protection and preservation of their cultural heritage; 

the right to contribute to the protection and preservation of their cultural heritage; and 

public access thereto. 

4. In cases where the authorities and organizations concerned state that the Groups are 

unable, on their own, to ensure adequate protection and preservation of their cultural heritage, 

each Party shall take special steps to ensure such protection and preservation within its territory 

and shall invite the cooperation of the other Party and its nationals where assistance is required 

for this purpose. 

5. Properties referred to in paragraph 4 that are of special significance shall be designated in 

a list of properties, publicly announced and communicated to appropriate local agencies. 

Properties so designated shall be protected, preserved, and marked with a special plaque. Public 

access thereto shall be assured. The Commission referred to in paragraph 6 may designate 

properties for inclusion in the list at any time, which list will be communicated to the Parties 

through Diplomatic and other channels, as appropriate. 

6. (A) A Joint Cultural Heritage Commission is hereby established to oversee the 

execution of the Agreement. Each Party shall appoint one or more member(s) to the 

Commission who may be assisted by alternates or advisers. Decisions of the Commission shall 

require the assent of the members of both Parties. The Parties shall cooperate in supplying the 

Commission with access to properties and information necessary for the execution of its 

responsibilities. 

(B) The Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad shall be the 

Executive Agent for implementing this Agreement on the side of the United States of America. 

The authorities and organizations concerned, which are according to the applicable laws and 

regulations of Ukraine responsible for the protection of cultural monuments in accordance with 

this Agreement, shall be the Executive Agent for implementing this Agreement on the side of 

Ukraine. Either Party by diplomatic note to the other Party may change its Executive Agent. 

7. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to relieve either Party of its obligations 

under the 1972 Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage or any 

other agreement for protection of cultural heritage. 

8. This Agreement shall be subject to the laws and regulations of both countries and the 

availability of funds. 

9. Disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement shall be 

submitted to the Agents referred to in paragraph 6(B). 

176

10. This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature and shall remain in force subject to 

termination upon one year’s written notice by one Party to the other. 

Done at Washington this fourth day of March 1994, in duplicate, in the English and Ukrainian 

languages, each text being equally authentic. 

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 

Warren Christopher 

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF 

UKRAINE: 

Anatoli Zlenko 

Note: The signing was witnessed by U.S. President William J. Clinton and Ukraine President 

Leonid Kravchuk. 

177

Appendix IX: List of Illustrations 

1. Kamjanka-Buzka (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Broken gravestones at old cemetery. Photo: 

Sue Talansky 8/1997 

2. Zhytomyr (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Dedication of Holocaust memorial on site of 

mass grave. Speakers included U.S. Commission Member Irving Stolberg, Deputy Minister 

of Culture and Arts of Ukraine Leonid Novokhatko, and Rabbi Shlomo Wilhelm of 

Zhytomyr. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

3. Zhytomyr (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Dedication of Holocaust memorial on site of 

mass grave. Speakers included U.S. Commission Member Irving Stolberg, Deputy Minister 

of Culture and Arts of Ukraine Leonid Novokhatko, and Rabbi Shlomo Wilhelm of 

Zhytomyr. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

4. Busk (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

5. Busk (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

6. Sokil (Volynska oblast), Ukraine. Ruined synagogue. Exterior. Photo: Eleonora Bergman 

6/1995 

7. Sokil (Volynska oblast), Ukraine. Ruined synagogue. Interior. Photo: Eleonora Bergman 

6/1995 

8. Brody (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Ruined synagogue. Exterior. Photo: Eleonora Bergman 

6/1995 

9. Brody (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Ruined synagogue. Interior. Photo: Eleonora Bergman 

6/1995 

10. Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska oblast), Ukraine. Ohel of Ba’al Shem Tov. Photo: Samuel 

Gruber 5/2000 

11. Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska oblast), Ukraine. Re-erected gravestones. Photo: Samuel 

Gruber 5/2000 

12. Sadhora (Chernivetska oblast), Ukraine. View of cemetery. Photo: Raymond M. 

Guggenheim 8/1999 

13. Sadhora (Chernivetska oblast), Ukraine. Detail of grave of rabbis. Photo: Raymond M. 


14. Lviv (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Wall and fence of Old Jewish cemetery. Photo: Samuel 

Gruber 5/2000 

15. Lviv (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Entrance gate to Old Jewish cemetery, now a marketplace. 


178

16. Lviv (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Market on site of Old Jewish cemetery. Photo: Samuel 

Gruber 5/2000 

17. Lviv (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Market on site of Old Jewish cemetery. Photo: Samuel 

Gruber 5/2000 

18. Lviv (Lvivska), Ukraine. New Jewish Cemetery. Typical post-war graves. Photo: Samuel 

Gruber 5/2000 

19. Lviv (Lvivska), Ukraine. New Jewish cemetery. Recent encroachment of Christian burials. 


20. Ostroh (Rivnenska oblast), Ukraine. Synagogue. Photo: Eleonora Bergman 6/1995 

21. Rivne (Rivnenska oblast), Ukraine. Former synagogue, now Jewish cultural center. Photo: 

Jonathan Finley 2/1996 

22. Zinkiv (Khmelnytska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 7/1995 

23. Sharhorod (Vinnytska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 7/1995 

24. Chornotysiv, formerly Fekeardo (Zakarpatska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Photo: 

Abe Magid 10/1998 

25. Kamjanets-Podilskyj (Khmelnytska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Photo: Samuel 

Gruber 7/1995 

26. Rava-Ruska (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Monument on Jewish cemetery made out of 

recovered gravestones. Photo: Frank B. Jacobowitz 

27. Derazhnia (Khmelnytska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Photo: 7/1995 

28. Lutsk (Volynska oblast), Ukraine. Former synagogue, now a sports hall. Photo: 1990 

29. Dubno (Rivnenska oblast), Ukraine. Synagogue. Photo: Eleonora Bergman 6/1995 

30. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Half-built garage on periphery of Jewish 

cemetery – construction halted. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

31. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Garages built on land believed to be part of 

Jewish cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

32. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery used as marketplace. Photo: Samuel 

Gruber 5/2000 

33. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Wall of Jewish cemetery in disrepair. 


179

34. Belz (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Detail of fence and gate enclosing cemetery. Photo: 


35. Olesko (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Detail of new fence and ohel. Photo: Samuel Gruber 

5/2000 

36. BabynYar (Kyivska oblast), Ukraine. Remains of Jewish cemetery adjacent to massacre site 

prior to clearing and restoration. Photo: Albert Barr 

37. Babyn Yar (Kyivska oblast), Ukraine. Remains of Jewish cemetery after clearing and 

restoration. Photo: Albert Barr 

38. Babyn Yar (Kyivska oblast), Ukraine. Memorial at site of massacre. Photo: 1993 

39. Rivne (Rivnenska oblast), Ukraine. Memorial to 17,500 murdered Jews. Photo: Jonathan 


40. Sadhora (Chernivetska oblast), Ukraine. Former synagogue. Interior. Photo: Raymond M. 


41. Sadhora (Chernivetska oblast), Ukraine. Former synagogue. Exterior. Photo: Raymond M. 


42. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Synagogue. Exterior. 

43. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Synagogue. Exterior. 

44. Zhovkva (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. Synagogue. Interior. 

45. Medzhybizh (Khmelnytska oblast), Ukraine. Re-erected decorated gravestone with new 

synagogues/hostel in back. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

46. Belz (Lvivska oblast), Ukraine. One of the few surviving gravestones of the cleared and 

fenced cemetery. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

47. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Holocaust memorial. Photo: 


48. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Distinctive lion head 

memorial. Photo: Samuel Gruber 5/2000 

49. Berdychiv (Zhytomyrska oblast), Ukraine. Lion head gravestone. Photo: Samuel Gruber 

5/2000 

50. Ostroh Rivnenska oblast), Ukraine. Jewish cemetery. Grave of the Maharshua Rabbi. 

Photo: Jonathan Finley 2/1996 

180

United States Commission for the 

Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad 

888 17 th Street, NW, Suite 1160 


Phone: (202) 254-3824 Fax: (202) 254-3934 

e-mail: uscommission@heritageabroad.gov 

Website: www.heritageabroad.gov

jewish cemeteries, synagogues, and mass grave sites in ukraine

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