Annual Report 2006/07 - ETH - North-South Centre North-South ...

Swiss Centre for International AgricultureSchweizerisches Zentrum für Internationale LandwirtschaftCentre Suisse pour l’Agriculture InternationaleAnnual Report 2006/07

A portrait of the Swiss Centre forInternational Agriculture ZILVision, mission and objectives of ZILVisionZIL’s vision is to enhance the contribution of agricultural researchto sustainable development in order to achieve poverty alleviation,food security and environmentally sound management of naturalresources for the benefit of present and future generations.Organisation of ZIL1993 – 2007MissionZIL’s mission is to initiate, support, and coordinate collaborativeresearch by its members and partners that will enable resourcepoorfarmers in low-income countries to achieve sustainableimprovements of their livelihoods. This includes the mobilisationof Swiss research capacity and the promotion of awareness aboutthe role of agricultural and food science in meeting the humanand environmental challenges of low-income countries.Objectives• Promoting high-quality research to overcome the constraintsto sustainable development.• Fostering interdisciplinary research collaboration and partnershipsbetween scientists at the ETH Zurich and other actorsinvolved in development-oriented agricultural research.• Encouraging links and ensuring coordination among ETHZurich researchers, and assisting in identifying research needsto pressing development problems.• Building capacity and awareness among ETH Zurich studentsfor their contribution to sustainable development.• Providing policy support to Swiss decision-makers oninternational agriculture and food security.• Informing the Swiss public and ZIL’s stakeholders aboutthe contribution of strategic research to poverty alleviation,food security and environmentally sound management ofnatural resources.FundingZIL is supported primarily by the SDC (Swiss Agency forDevelopment and Cooperation), by the Swiss Federal Instituteof Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich) and by its members.Other contributions come from various donors.InformationETH Zurich, North-South CentreSEC / Scheuchzerstrasse 7CH-8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandBarbara Becker, Managing DirectorPhone Managing Director: +41 44 632 5339Phone Administration: +41 44 632 7935Fax: +41 44 632 1589E-Mail:northsouth@ethz.chInternet:www.zil.ethz.ch

Table of contentsZIL members. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2EditorialF. Escher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3ZIL’s profile and programmeB. Becker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Trees for poverty alleviation and environmental sustainabilityD. Garrity et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14The development impact of ZIL research on livestock systemsS. Hahn-Fornet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16The European Research Area inAgricultural Research for Development (ERA-ARD)M. Kaufmann. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22ZIL research projectsOverviewM. Egloff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Improved resistance to African Cassava Mosaic VirusP. Zhang, W. Gruissem et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Food chain legumes: Combining natural resourcesfor safe storage and favourable food processingS. Dorn et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Zinc fluxes from the soil into the food chain in aridagro-ecosystems – A case study in IranR. Schulin, R. Hurrell, E. Frossard et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27An ecosystem service approach to agricultural securityin a sacred landscape mosaicJ. Ghazoul et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28New policy mechanisms to mitigate wildlife-livestockconflicts in the Bandhavgarh National Park in IndiaS. Engel, A. Mayer et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Sustainable agroforestry for carbon sequestrationN. Buchmann, S. Dorn et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Reversing soil degradation by tropical legume treesusing GIS analysisP. Stamp, B. Lehmann, A. Grün et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Benefits of cover crop legumes in smallholder croplivestocksystems of the hillsides of Central AmericaE. Frossard et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Improved feeding for smallholder dairy cattleM. Kreuzer et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Adaptation of Brachiaria species to low-P soilsE. Frossard et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34The forage potential of tanniferous legumesM. Kreuzer et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Developing optimised cattle breeding schemesin sub-Saharan Africa – Economic aspectsE. Ouma, A. Abdulai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Developing optimised cattle breeding schemesin sub-Saharan Africa – Genetic aspectsU. Janßen-Tapken, H. Kadarmideen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Improving small ruminant productivity in dry areasM. Kreuzer, A. Mayer et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Camel milk products of high hygenic quality and safetyZ. Farah, C. Lacroix, L. Meile et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Animal source foods and nutrition duringinfancy and early childhoodR. Hurrell et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Improvements in the livestock production system ofsmall farmers’ householdsB. Lehmann et al . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Research Fellow Partnership Programme forAgriculture, Forestry and Natural ResourcesOverviewM. Zoss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Forest management in the walnut-fruitforests in KyrgyzstanK. Schmidt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Variability in Phythophthora infestans and itspotential role in breeding for resistance in potatoG. Chacón . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Participatory development of cassava green mitebiocontrol in the highlands of CameroonC. Zundel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Fiscal incentives for community forestryF. Muttenzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46The impact of organic cotton cultivationon the livelihood of Indian smallholdersF. Eyhorn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)for improved yam growth in West AfricaA. Tchabi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Development of a second generation anti-tickvaccine using a mimotope-virosome approachD. Odongo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Development of an in vitro protocol for theproduction of cassava doubled haploidsC. Wang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Exotic strains of Phythophthora infestans in the AndesR. Oliva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Enhancing livelihoods through sustainableforest management in MadagascarS. Bukobero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Drinking water treatment in Tanzania using seedextracts from the pan-tropical tree Moringa oleiferaM. Schneider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Participatory forest landscape management in MadagascarC. Dirac, L. H. Andriambelo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Understanding yam (Dioscorea spp.) response tofertiliser applicationV. K. Hgaza Kouasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Prosopis in arid and semi-arid regions of KenyaW. Ogutu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Controlling African root and tuber scale on cassavaA. Fotso Kuate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Analysis of resistance to wheat stem rust race Ug99P. Njau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Marker-based estimation of effective population sizein African cattleC. Flury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Making maize plants more attractive to beneficial insectsM. D’Alessandro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rapid yielddecrease of crops in Southern CameroonM. Jemo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Lists and tablesSeed money projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Development-related projects of ZIL members . . . . . . . . . 64Development-related teaching activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Supervision of development-related theses . . . . . . . . . . . 68Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72ZIL members, collaborators and partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92List of acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inside back cover1

ZIL membersPresidentProf. Dr. Felix EscherILW, ETH ZurichZIL BoardProf. Dr. Silvia DornIPW, ETH ZurichProf. Dr. Emmanuel FrossardIPW, ETH ZurichDr. Dominique GuenatACADE, FontanezierProf. Dr. Richard HurrellILW, ETH ZurichAnnette KolffIntercooperation, Berne(until June 2006)Prof. Dr. Michael KreuzerINW, ETH ZurichProf. Dr. Bernhard LehmannIAW, ETH ZurichDr. Jean-Pierre SorgD-UWIS, ETH ZurichZIL managementDr. Barbara BeckerExecutive ManagerDr. Mathias EgloffScientific AssistantManfred KaufmannScientific AssistantMarc ZossScientific AssistantDorota NiedzwieckaAdministratorZIL membersDepartment of Agriculturaland Food SciencesInstitute ofAgricultural EconomicsDr. Philipp AerniProf. Dr. Bernard LehmannInstitute ofAnimal SciencesDr. Michael R. GoeProf. Dr. Haja Kadarmideen(until September 2006)Prof. Dr. Michael KreuzerProf. Dr. Wolfgang LanghansDr. Andrea MayerProf. Dr. Caspar WenkInstitute of Food Scienceand NutritionProf. Dr. Renato AmadòProf. Dr. Felix EscherDr. Zakaria FarahProf. Dr. Richard HurrellProf. Dr. Christophe LacroixProf. Dr. Martin LoessnerProf. Dr. Leo MeileProf. Dr. Erich J. WindhabInstitute ofPlant SciencesProf. Dr. Nikolaus Amrhein(D-BIOL)Prof. Dr. Klaus Apel (D-BIOL)Prof. Dr. Nina BuchmannProf. Dr. Geneviève Défago(until July 2006)Prof. Dr. Silvia DornProf. Dr. Emmanuel FrossardProf. Dr. Wilhelm Gruissem(D-BIOL)Dr. Jan JansaProf. Dr. Bruce McDonaldDr. Astrid ObersonDr. Christof Sautter (D-BIOL)Prof. Dr. Peter StampDepartment ofEnvironmental SciencesProf. Dr. Harald BugmannProf. Dr. Peter EdwardsProf. Dr. Stephanie EngelProf. Dr. Jaboury GhazoulProf. Dr. Hans Rudolf HeinimannProf. Dr. Ottmar HoldenriederProf. Dr. Rainer SchulinProf. Dr. Klaus SeelandDr. Jean-Pierre SorgNADEL, ETH ZurichProf. Dr. Rolf KappelUniversity of ZurichDr. Claudia BinderCABI Bioscience, DelémontDr. Matthew CockDr. Ulrich KuhlmannSDC RepresentativeDr. Willi Graf(Observer)Member institutesAll institutes of theDepartment of Agriculturaland Food Sciences aremembers of ZIL:Institute ofAgricultural Economicswww.iaw.agrl.ethz.chAgri-food andAgri-environmental EconomicsInstitute of Animal Scienceswww.inw.agrl.ethz.chAnimal NutritionNutrition BiologyBreeding BiologyStatistical Animal GeneticsPhysiology and Animal HusbandryInstitute of Food Scienceand Nutritionwww.ilw.agrl.ethz.chFood BiotechnologyFood ChemistryFood Process EngineeringFood MicrobiologyFood TechnologyHuman NutritionInstitute of Plant Scienceswww.ipw.agrl.ethz.chPlant NutritionPlant BiotechnologyPlant GeneticsGrassland ScienceAgronomy and Plant BreedingApplied EntomologyPhytopathologyPlant Biochemistry and Physiology2

EditorialThe present Annual Report of the Swiss Centre of InternationalAgriculture (ZIL) at ETH Zurich appears at the sametime in the usual and in an unusual form. In the usual formbecause it reports on priority areas of ZIL activities in thesame manner as in the past years. The impressive picture onthe cover relates to the main topic of the Annual ZILConference 2006 and to several research projects on agroforestrysystems in developing countries. The dual use of landis still vital in many parts of the world to support man for hisbasic needs. However, agro-forestry systems are delicate inview of avoiding over-exploitation and conflicts of interestbetween agricultural and forestry use, but also between theprimary uses and tourism. Needless to say that the ZIL PriorityResearch Area “Livestock Systems in Support of Poor People”has addressed and still addresses part of its research activitiesto problems of the development of sustainable agroforestryconcepts.The unusual aspect of the present report is found in the factthat it covers a period of 18 months instead of only one calendaryear. The extension is connected to the initiation of thefifth phase of cooperation between ZIL and the Swiss Agencyfor Development and Cooperation (SDC), which so far hasbeen the main funding body for ZIL. In the course of the negotiationsfor the new contract between ZIL and SDC it becameclear that the financial commitment of ETH Zurich towardsZIL must increase in the future and that the activities of ETHZurich at large towards developing countries should be bundledand made more visible. Accordingly, a re-organisationprocess was launched right after the implementation of thenew SDC contract in Spring 2006. We were fortunate indeedthat SDC gave us enough time for this challenging projectand that the bottom-up process was supported by all institutionallevels of ETH Zurich from individualresearchers up to the Executive Board. As aresult, the Competence Centre North-Southat ETH Zurich (working title) was createdand inaugurated at the end of June 2007.Besides ZIL, the ETH Zurich “Network forInternational Development and Cooperation”(NIDECO) joined the new centre as amajor partner. The centre is also open tonew members outside the traditional circlesof ZIL and NIDECO.In this far-reaching reorganisation, theassociation ZIL was dissolved as a legal andFelix Escher, Presidentadministrative entity after 14 years of existence. Of course,this does not mean at all that the successful programme andthe great spirit of ZIL will cease to exist. On the contrary, ZILactivities present one of the core components of the new centreand will profit from the new financial model and fromnew opportunities of extended interactions with otherdomains of ETH Zurich.The transition from ZIL to the Competence Centre North-South was also the right moment for me to put board responsibilitiesinto new hands. I look back to five stimulating yearsof ZIL presidency, and I extend my sincere appreciation andpersonal thanks to everybody who has served and supportedZIL in one way or another. Special thanks go to the ZILManaging Director and her team. I trust that this service andsupport will continue in the new organisation for the benefitof development cooperation.Felix Escher, President of ZIL3

An introduction to ZILZIL’s profile and programmeThe reporting period from January 2006 to June 2007 wascharacterised by two major developments: Firstly, thepreparation and implementation of the new contractbetween ZIL and SDC (phase V, April 2006 to March 2010),and secondly the merger of ZIL with its sister institutionNIDECO (Network for International Development andCooperation) to become the North-South Centre of the ETHZurich. Therefore, this is the last ZILAnnual Report in its present form.Barbara Becker,Executive ManagerIn March 2006, ZIL formally concluded thethree-year funding phase IV, althoughmost of the individual research projectsstill continued into 2007. The new phaseV contract with SDC came into force inApril 2006, and for the first time it coversa four-year period, until March 2010. Thisis a great sign of the SDC’s confidence inZIL, permits longer-term planning, and ismore in line with the average duration ofdoctoral projects.The most important feature of the newcontract was the condition that ZIL secured the structural andfinancial commitment of the ETH Zurich for its managementand administration within the first two years of the contractperiod. ZIL achieved this objective by merging with NIDECO tothe North-South Centre, effective at the beginning of July 2007.ZIL research programmeLivestock systems research in support of poor peopleIn 2005, the ZIL constituency decided to continue its researchprogramme on “Livestock systems research in support ofpoor people” into the new SDC contract phase. In a series ofinternal and external consultations, ZIL members and theirpartners and advisors concluded that the need for livestocksystems research was as great as when ZIL started this programmethree years earlier. The animal sector remains thefastest growing agricultural activity in developing countries,undergoing rapid structural changes. Therefore, research hasto address technologies, institutions, and policies for povertyalleviation, environmental sustainability, and public health.The structural changes go along with the concentration ofanimal production in large industrialised units (mainly periurban),with changes in consumer behaviour and demand(urbanisation and “supermarketisation”), and the expansionof ruminant production into marginal areas. The environmentaland social impact of these changing patterns of animalproduction has to be addressed at different system levelsand on different scales, and has to take into accountcross-sectoral effects. In order to face these challengingresearch topics, ZIL has adjusted its programme structure tothese emerging issues by giving greater emphasis to environmentalaspects (diagramme on p. 24).In a further step, ZIL developed a project document with alogical framework for its intended activities over the nextfour-year contract period. Beyond specifying the livestocksystems research programme, this document linked the ZILprogramme to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),and presented the institutional development of ZIL as thecomplementary component of its contract with SDC.New research projectsBased on these considerations, ZIL launched two calls for projectproposals for the new funding phase V, one in December 2005and one in July 2006. The selection procedure remained the4

An introduction to ZILThe ZIL project framework links the programme components to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)same as in the preceding phase, with three to four independentpeer reviews of each project, and a final recommendation ofthe Selection Committee.* The ultimate decision on project selectionwas with the ZIL Board. The composition of the SelectionCommittee has remained the same since the beginning of thelivestock systems research programme in 2002. This has provedvery valuable, because of the positive group dynamics andthe institutional memory in this body . Beyond the quality ofscience, main criteria of the Selection Committee were developmentrelevance and programme coherence.Five projects were submitted on the first call, four in the livestocksystems programme, and one independent project. InMarch 2006, three of these projects were accepted with minorrevisions, one was returned for re-submission, and one wasrequested to re-orient its focus. The ZIL Board followed theserecommendations with the exception of the last one, and suggestedthat the applicants get in touch with the SelectionCommittee to discuss the re-orientation in more detail. Thisinteraction finally proved very constructive and yielded a fullyconvincing proposal in the second call which could evenmobilise additional resources for a complementary projectcomponent.Six projects were submitted at the second call, four in the livestocksystems programme – among them the resubmissionand the re-oriented proposal of the first call – and two independentproposals. In October 2006, the Selection Committeerecommended five proposals for funding – partially with minorrevisions – and rejected one project. The ZIL Board unanimouslyfollowed these recommendations. However, due to the limitationof remaining funds, all accepted projects of the second* The Selection Committee is composed of Klaus Apel (IPW, former member of the ETH research commission), Barbara Becker (ex officio), Giancarlo de Picciotto(Agronomist, Latin America Section, SDC), Mathias Egloff (ZIL Programme Facilitator, ex officio), Felix Escher (Chair, ZIL President), Irene Hoffmann (Chief, FAO AnimalProduction Service), Rolf Kappel (NADEL, former member of the ETH research commission), and Fritz Schneider (Livestock expert, Director of Research, SHL, Zollikofen).5

An introduction to ZILcall had to cut back their budgets to varying degrees. All newprojects are presented individually on the following pages.The new project portfolio has a strong focus on the environmentaldimension of the programme structure, with a numberof projects dealing with agroforestry or forestry-related issues.Therefore, it was most pertinent that the Annual Conference2006 focused on this topic, as presented in the special chapterby Dennis Garrity and colleagues (p. 14). Five of the eight newprojects represent groups of the ETH Zurich which had neverparticipated in the ZIL programme before (some of them newlyrecruited professors). Three of these new ZIL projects are led bycolleagues from the Department for Environmental Sciences,one is co-supervised by a member of the Department forAgriculture and Food Sciences, and in another one, a professorfrom the Department for Civil, Environmental and GeomaticEngineering collaborates. This composition indicates that theZIL research programme goes far beyond traditional agriculture,stretching into the fields of food, health, environmentand engineering.Programme developmentWhile the new projects (phase V) took up their activitiesbetween July 2006 and June 2007, the phase IV projects werein their final stages. All doctoral dissertations will be concludedin 2007 or early 2008.In the reporting period ZIL benefited from the two overlappingproject phases, most obviously at the Progress Fora in March2006 and June 2007. At both events a good number of projectpartners participated, permitting lively interaction among andbetween project teams. As in the previous year, Peter Reinhardfrom Agridea (former LBL) acted as facilitator and again stimulatedengaged participation of all attendees.6

An introduction to ZILThe Progress Forum 2006 drew attention to the SystemwideLivestock Programme of the CGIAR (SLP) by an input of its coordinator,Salvador Fernandez. This contribution triggered a complementarySLP project to the new ZIL project on fodderlegumes in Central America (p. 32). The SLP has a strong potentialinterface with the ZIL programme, due to its focus on theproduction side of livestock systems.The group discussions at the Progress Forum 2006 dealt withthe development relevance of ZIL research under the lead question“How can we make sure that our research is demanddriven?”The purpose of this discussion was to raise the awarenessof our responsibility towards the end users and beneficiariesas expressed in the goal of the new phase V programmeZIL contributes to improving sustainable land use and humanwell being through research on livestock systems. In his finalsynthesis of the one-day exercise, Bernard Lehmann remindedthe participants of the system approach of ZIL research: “Wemust bear in mind that each project is an intervention – a subsystemis changed by our activities and produces a result in theshort run. Impact or contributions in the long run, however, aremore difficult to pinpoint. Scaling out, scaling up, generalisation,dissemination, and monitoring will be needed as pathways forimplementation of the intended research results”.Willi Graf (SDC) collecting comments from the small working group during the ProgressForum 2006Peter Reinhard (Agridea) opening the Progress Forum 2007The impact topic was taken up again at the Progress Forum2007. While the discussion in 2006 served to focus the preparationof the new set of projects (phase V) on the intendedimpacts, it was triggered in 2007 by an impact study of thenearly concluded phase IV projects. This study was conductedby Sabine Hahn-Fornet, as an external consultant, betweenApril and June 2007. Her study was not only a valuable input tothe internal ZIL debate and reflection at the Progress Forum,but was also presented to the wider public at the InauguralConference of the North-South Centre one day later. Her analysisand conclusions are presented in a separate chapter (p. 16).The process of the impact study yielded many benefits, and wewill certainly define some new activities and procedures toprofit as much as possible from this process. A course to familiarisedoctoral students with the demand for impact will possiblybe among the first recommendations to consider.The transition from phase IV to phase V brought many newfaces to the ZIL community, which added up to yet anotherrecord participation at the Progress Forum 2007. Quite obviouswas the shift of project sites towards Asia. Our guests from thiscontinent were from Iran, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. The eightnew projects running until 2010 (six of which contributedirectly to the livestock programme) were presented in themorning session in the “info market” format. In phase V of ourlivestock systems research programme, ZIL is definitely goingbeyond the household level as was suggested during the planningprocess for phase V. We are even addressing global topics7

An introduction to ZILsuch as carbon sequestration, climate relevance of livestock, orthe international policy debate on biodiversity conservationand the respective convention.Other research activitiesZIL continued its SDC mandate on managing the ResearchFellow Partnership Programme (RFPP), which is presented onp. 42. The geographical distribution of all ZIL and RFPP projectsis shown on the map on p. 6.The Table on p. 62 shows all ZIL Seed Money Projects fundedsince the beginning of phase IV in 2003. In 2006 three newSeed Money Projects were accepted under the new phase Vcontract: One on the feed market in China, another one onthe effects of the European food standards EurepGap on agriculturalproducers in developing countries, both supervisedby Bernard Lehmann, as well as one on the potentially fertility-enhancingeffects of the Andean tuber plant “Maca”(Lepidium meyenii Walp) on bulls, initiated by MichaelKreuzer.Institutional development of ZIL – Towards theNorth-South Centre of the ETH ZurichIn the preparatory discussions of the new contract, SDC clearlyexpressed its demand for ZIL to become financially independentof SDC for its management operations. To achievethis objective, the most promising option was seen in amerger with the Network for International Development andCooperation (NIDECO). The new unit should be attached tothe School Domain of Earth, Environment and NaturalResources (S-ENETH). The rationale for this option was basedon two considerations: First, the merger of ZIL and NIDECOwould produce positive synergies because both units sharecommon goals and complement each other in their activities.In addition, ZIL and NIDECO presently share the samestaff in their headquarters, located in the same premises providedby the ETH Zurich.In the course of 2006, the integration of these two units waspursued through a series of meetings between the leadersand management of ZIL, NIDECO and S-ENETH. This“Steering Group” agreed on the essential elements to achieveits objectives:• A business plan outlining the future programme, structureand a tentative budget;• A Stakeholder Workshop with all members of ZIL andNIDECO and other interested participants;• Negotiations with the ETH Zurich School Board (Schulleitung)to confirm the integration of ZIL and NIDECO intothe so-called North-South Centre, and to make a substantialfinancial commitment to its programme andadministration;• Negotiation of the transfer of the position of theExecutive Manager into the core budget (Grundauftrag)of the Departments of Agriculture and Food Sciences, andEnvironmental Sciences, respectively.The “Steering Group” was an ad hoc group composed of theHeads of the Departments D-AGRL (Michael Kreuzer [outgoing]and Emmanuel Frossard [incoming]), D-ERDW (Jean-Pierre Burg), D-UWIS (René Schwarzenbach, at the same timeChair of S-ENETH), and the Presidents of NIDECO (WolfgangKinzelbach) and ZIL (Felix Escher), as well as the ExecutiveManager of both NIDECO and ZIL (Barbara Becker). Thisgroup met several times for strategic decisions and for negotiationswith the ETH Zurich School Board.The business plan suggests five programme areas of the newNorth-South Centre:• Research collaboration with developing countries andcountries in transition• Capacity development• Networking• Public relations• Strategic positioning within the ETH Zurich.8

An introduction to ZILOn September 8, 2006, the overall vision and mission of thefuture North-South Centre and the five programme componentsof the business plan were discussed in a StakeholderWorkshop with more than 40 representatives from NIDECO,ZIL, the ETH Zurich School Board and SDC. In parallel workinggroups, the workshop participants elaborated objectives andexpected results as a tentative logical framework for thefuture North-South Centre. The workshop was facilitated byPeter Reinhard from Agridea. He managed to create a mostconstructive atmosphere, which enabled the participants toexpress their expectations and fears concerning the integrationof the two existing units with rather distinct internalcultures. In this way, the workshop successfully generatedownership of the future programme among the participants.The broad mobilisation of ZIL and NIDECO members attendingthe Stakeholder Workshop was a convincing argument inthe negotiations with the ETH Zurich School Board. Similarly,the delegation of the heads of all S-ENETH Departments,together with the presidents and management of both ZILand NIDECO, demonstrated their strong support of the proposedNorth-South Centre at the first meeting with the ETHZurich President at the time, Ernst Hafen. In a series of consultationswith the ETH Zurich management, a proposal wasprepared for the School Board and – after minor revisions –finally accepted on November 29 2006. The main items ofthis decision comprise• Recognition of the new North-South Centre (workingtitle) as a Competence Centre of the ETH Zurich;• Substantial funding from 2007 – 2011, allowing the continuationand expansion of the former NIDECO activities,including new activities related to the Memorandum ofUnderstanding with the United Nations EnvironmentProgramme (UNEP);• Administrative affiliation with the Department forEnvironmental Sciences (D-UWIS) until the S-ENETH hasbeen approved as a fully functional legal entity.Furthermore, the School Board has encouraged the futureintegration of NADEL into the North-South Centre.Vision and mission of the North-South CentreVisionThe ETH Zurich is a leading institution on North-South mattersin its field. It has a long-term commitment to researchand teaching in favour of globally accessible knowledge forsustainable development.MissionThe ETH Zurich promotes research and education in the fieldof international development and cooperation. It facilitatescollaboration with relevant institutions in developing countries,countries in transition and Switzerland in the technical,natural, human and social sciences. These activities arenationally and internationally visible .Stakeholder Workshop on Sept. 8, 2006: The two presidents of ZIL and NIDECOin deep consideration of the creation of the North-South Centre.Independent of the negotiations with the ETH Zurich Managementfor the North-South Centre , the Steering Group succeededin convincing both the Departments of Agriculture andFood Sciences, and of Environmental Sciences (D-AGRL and D-UWIS) to incorporate 50 % each of the Executive Managerposition into their core budgets. This agreement allows theExecutive Manager to continue in her function on a permanentbasis. This commitment of the two departments was aconvincing argument in the negotiations with the ETH ZurichManagement. Furthermore, it is a strong signal towards theSDC (as the main donor for ZIL research) recognising the ETH’sinvestment in the management of the new Centre.9

An introduction to ZILWith these approvals, the North-South Centre obtained asolid financial and administrative basis for shaping its futurelegal and organisational structure.In 2007, representatives of the ZIL Board and the NIDECOSteering Committee formed a working group to design thefuture programme structure, the legal framework and theinternal organisation. They were assisted by BrigitteSchiesser of the ETH Zurich Legal Service and Hans Vettigeras an external consultant on change management. The proposalof this working group was presented to the governingbodies of ZIL and NIDECO. After intensive discussions, bothgroups agreed to become a Competence Centre of the ETHZurich (as in the case of the former NIDECO) with statutesreflecting as much as possible the spirit of an association (asin the case of the former ZIL). The future programme structurewill be based on the five programmeareas suggested in thebusiness plan, of which the threelatter areas will be combined intoone activity axis, i.e. it will becomposed of the three axes“Research Collaboration”, “CapacityDevelopment”, and “Networkingand Communication”.Key speakers at the ZIL 2006Annual Conference “Trees for This programme structure wouldpoverty alleviation”, DennisGarrity and Angela Cropper allow the transferral of formerprojects and lines of activities ofZIL and NIDECO to the newCentre by re-grouping them in anintegrated manner.One pre-condition of the legaltransformation of ZIL into thenew North-South Centre was theformal closure of the associationZIL, which took place during itslast General Assembly on June 26, 2007, three days inadvance of the Constituting Assembly of the North-SouthCentre on June 29, 2007.The Constituting Assembly of the North-South Centreapproved the Draft Statutes for final confirmation by the ETHSchool Board. More than 60 ETH professors and scientistshave signed the membership form, which includes the commitmentto pay an annual membership fee. This is a very solidexpression of support to the new Centre. About half of thefounding members are former ZIL members, thereby assuringcontinuity of the ZIL commitment and spirit.The Constituting Assembly elected the President of theNIDECO Steering Committee, Wolfgang Kinzelbach(Department of Civil, Environmental and GeomaticEngineering, D-BAUG), as President of the North-SouthCentre. Three members of the ZIL Board – among themMichael Kreuzer as new Vice-President – and four former ZILmembers will serve on the Steering Committee of the newCentre, thereby assuring the continuity of its governing body.Due to his retirement in September 2007, the ZIL PresidentFelix Escher terminated his service to ZIL with the foundationof the North-South Centre. ZIL owes him sincere thanks forhis dedication and leadership and especially for his contributionto the merger of ZIL and NIDECO, which was instrumentalto a smooth integration of the two units.Networking and communicationPublic relationsOn June 9, 2006, ZIL organised its Annual Conference on thetopic “Trees for poverty alleviation”. Key speakers wereDennis Garrity, the Director General of the World AgroforestryCentre (ICRAF), and Angela Cropper, the Chair of theBoard of Trustees of the Centre for International ForestryResearch (CIFOR). The choice of the conference theme coincidedvery well with the programme development of ZIL.Although livestock systems research remains the overalltheme within this programme and complemented by theindependent projects, the ZIL programme has shiftedtowards agroforestry research and the role of trees in theirproductive and ecosystem functions. In order to give creditto this important topic, this report includes a special chapteron “Trees for poverty alleviation” by Dennis Garrity andcolleagues from ICRAF (p. 14).10

An introduction to ZILIn 2007, the traditional ZIL Annual Conference was replacedby the inaugural event of the North-South Centre on June 29.Since the North-South Centre represents the entire disciplinaryscope of the ETH Zurich, the topic of “Relevance andimpact of research for development” was chosen for thisbroad target group. The three key speakers addressed thetopic from a macro-economic, socio-cultural, and engineeringperspective. Rolf Kappel (ETH Zurich) highlighted theimpact of science-based economic policy measures in LatinAmerica, Ruth Meinzen-Dick (IFPRI) presented a number ofcase studies on the impact of agricultural research at thehousehold level, and Eiman Karar (Water Research Council inSouth Africa) showed the links between water research andpolicy in her country. The session on examples fromSwitzerland included the impact study of the ZIL livestockresearch programme (p. 16). The conference was very wellattendedby about 180 participants and received muchpositive feedback.In addition to the organisation of these conferences, ZIL waspresent with a stand at the cinfoForum in Biel in September2006, and at the Open Door Event of the ETH Plant ResearchStation in Eschikon (together with Agridea and Strickhof) onthe same weekend. The ZIL programme and its transition tothe North-South Centre was presented at the AnnualConference of the Swiss Society of Plant Sciences (SGPW) inMarch 2007. In the bi-annual SVIAL lecture series on futureemployment options for agricultural and food engineers, theZIL management presented career opportunities in internationalagricultural research.As in the years before, ZIL participated in the AnnualConference on Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural andNatural Resource Management (Tropentag) in Bonn,Germany. Eight ZIL representatives took part with two oralpresentations, six posters and a stand. This event is not onlya useful platform for the ZIL doctoral candidates to presenttheir research, but has also developed into a means for interactionof the ZIL groups and the creation of increased knowledgeof and identification with the ZIL programme. Underthe umbrella of the North-South Centre, such activities willcontinue as before with a “ZIL” delegation travelling to theTropentag in Germany in October 2007.Networking within the ETH ZurichThe chapter on the institutional integration of ZIL with NIDE-CO demonstrates ZIL’s strong networking base within theETH Zurich, including its close ties with NADEL and S-ENETH.The strong support of the three Departments of theS-ENETH, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Environment andEarth Sciences, was instrumental in bringing about the institutionalchanges and the commitment of the School Board.In April 2007, the Institute for Environmental Decisions (IED)was inaugurated. This new institute of the ETH Zurich is animportant partner for ZIL and will be a strong player in theNorth-South Centre, of which the IED head, Renate Schubert,is one of its Vice-Presidents. The IED pursues an innovative,interdisciplinary approach by integrating scientists from theagricultural, environmental and social sciences. It works atthe interface of ecology and economy with a number ofactivities in developing countries. It is expected that the ETHZurich will contribute relevant research to policy decisionmakersin this important emerging field.Parallel to the integration of ZIL and NIDECO into the North-South Centre, the ETH Zurich has prepared a new institutionalbasis for ETHsustainability, which will remain a relevant,complementary ETH partner of the new Centre.11The key speakers at the North-South Centre inagural event,Rolf Kappel, Ruth Meinzen-Dick and Eiman Karar

An introduction to ZILLivestockNetLivestockNet is a Swiss network of university, private sector,NGO and government stakeholders working in livestockand development. Its overall goal is to improve Swiss actionsand to strengthen the Swiss position in livestock anddevelopment issues.The specific objectives of LivestockNet are• to enhance exchange of information between the members;• to discuss issues of common interest;• to link global and regional initiatives and operationalin-country work;• to catalyse work in thematically focussed groups;• to provide support and a sounding board for decision-makingthrough advice, reference and links to other networks andinstitutions;• to enhance the interest and the position of Swiss actors andprogrammes in livestock and development; and• to play an advocacy role and provide advice on policies.LivestockNet is a formal group of interested professionals workingin livestock and development, legally organised as an association.Members normally convene two times per yearfor a one-day meeting with time for informal interactions. Thenetwork establishes a working programme and the memberscontribute to the work required by this programme. It operateson a “give-and-take” principle, based on the inputs and commitmentsof all its members. The chair rotates between the membersand is currently held by Fritz Schneider (SHL, Zollikofen).Networking with Swiss partnersIn 2006, the members of LivestockNet voted to transfer theirsecretariat to the ZIL office. This transfer became effective inJanuary 2007 under the responsibility of the ZIL ProgrammeFacilitator Mathias Egloff, adding a 10 % position to his ZILmandate. This change came at an important time in the internationallivestock policy arena: In September 2007, the FirstIntergovernmental Conference on Animal Genetic Resourceswill be hosted by Switzerland in Interlaken. LivestockNet will bepresent with a stand at the public exhibition to promote itsactivities on livestock for development.ZIL continued its commitment to the Swiss Forum forInternational Agricultural Research (SFIAR), and its collaborationwith the various members of this Forum, e.g. Intercooperation,InfoAgrar and the Federal Office for Agriculture(BLW). Notably, the Swiss College of Agriculture (SHL) inZollikofen and the Centre for Development and Environment(CDE) of the University of Berne remained key partners, notonly in the ERA-ARD project (p. 22), but also through a numberof bilateral linkages and joint participation in workinggroups such as the ZIL and RFPP Selection Committees, andthe Commission for Partnerships with Developing Countries(KFPE).SDC has remained a most reliable and generous partner anddonor to ZIL, primarily thanks to the great understanding andcommitment of Willi Graf, as the direct counterpart of ZIL, aswell as the support of the SDC management.Networking with international partnersThe commitment of ZIL and its management to its partners inthe international agricultural research community hasremained as strong as before. Each individual ZIL membermaintains his or her own network of research partners, andvisits the partner institutions regularly for project supervisionand the development of new research ideas. Most contacts aremaintained through individual visits of our international partnersto the ETH Zurich, most notably in 2006 and 2007 by theirparticipation in the two Progress Fora. In addition, ZIL receivedthe key speakers at its Annual Conferences, and individualvisits of the Director Generals of IFPRI and CIAT, Joachim vonBraun and Joachim Voss, respectively, as well as JohnMcDermott, the Director of Research of ILRI.The CGIAR is still the most important partner for ZIL, primarilyin direct research collaboration, but also on the strategic levelin setting the international agricultural research agenda. TheZIL Executive Manager not only routinely attends the AnnualGeneral Meetings of the CGIAR – she also serves on the Boardsof Trustees of IITA and WARDA.12

An introduction to ZILThe ZIL Executive Manager has continued her service on theSteering Committee of the European Forum for AgriculturalResearch for Development (EFARD) as its Vice-Chair. EFARD succeededin nominating George Rothschild from the UK as itsnew Chairman, who took up his duties in June 2007, as successorof Hans Hurni from the University of Berne. In Spring 2007,the EC mandated an external evaluation of EFARD, which isnow working towards implementing the recommendations.The ERA-ARD project is another strong linkage to the EuropeanARD community (p. 22).As Vice-Chair of EFARD, Barbara Becker also represented theEuropean Forum in the Steering Committee of GFAR, theGlobal Forum for Agricultural Research. GFAR is in a transitionphase of its secretariat, and in a similar stage as EFARD withrespect to implementing the recommendations of its recentexternal evaluation.As delegate of the D-AGRL, Barbara Becker continued to representthe ETH Zurich at the General Assembly of NATURA, theNetwork of European Agricultural (Tropically and SubtropicallyOriented) Universities and Scientific Complexes related toAgricultural Development, thus ensuring the link to theEuropean universities engaged in teaching tropical agriculture.Internal developmentsZIL’s business year was dominated by the integration processwith NIDECO and the transition of the SDC contract fromphase IV to V. As an association, ZIL pursues a bottom-up philosophywhere all decisions must be approved by its members.The ZIL President was instrumental in leading the integrationprocess on behalf of the two institutions. He had the full supportof the entire ZIL Board, which took on the additional loadof consultations and meetings to guarantee a smooth transition.The final decision of dissolving the association ZIL wastaken by its General Assembly on June 26, 2007.The new contract phase required adjustments in its financeadministration, as agreed in several meetings with SDC in earlyThe ZIL Management Team (clockwise from upper left): Sabine Hahn-Fornet,Emma Lindberg, Barbara Becker, Dorota Niedzwiecka, Matthias Egloff,Mark Zoss, Manfred Kaufmann2006. Ultimately, these adjustments gave the ZIL managementgreater autonomy and responsibility, which was approved inJune 2006 by the General Assembly. The new external auditorproved to be a very constructive advisor concerning theincreasingly complex finance administration.The ZIL management team remained the same lively group asbefore. Barbara Becker attended a seven-weekend course onresearch management in 2006. Dorota Niedzwiecka went on atwo-month internship to FAO in Rome in late 2006. Her substituteduring this period was Nanina Gubler, who had done herpractical training in the ZIL management office in 2005. In2007, the team was complemented by Sabine Hahn-Fornet asconsultant for the Impact Study, and by Emma Lindberg asassistant for the preparation of the Inaugural Conference ofthe North-South Centre. The entire team is committed to continueits service to the ZIL community and its partners underthe new institutional umbrella with increased strength andresources.Barbara Becker, August 200713

Agroforestrying trees such as clonal Eucalyptus grandis may be veryimportant in water-scarce catchments across the tropics,including catchments where wet upland areas provide waterto drier areas downstream. Planting deciduous trees thatshed their leaves in times of water scarcity could offset thisproblem. With new measurement devices, scientists areseeking to quantify the seasonal water use of a range oftree systems, including popular evergreen species such aseucalyptus, deciduous indigenous trees, and bamboo.These field measurements are complemented by a componentthat seeks to identify areas where there is high potentialfor carbon sequestration projects to have significantnegative impacts on water supply. In addition, ICRAF alsosupports national agencies in afforestation and reforestationprojects in the tropical countries. In Indonesia, ICRAF andCIFOR have conducted an analysis of priority districts forCDM project development support, as well as scenariomodellingtools for assessment of baselines, additionalityand leakage.The World Agroforestry CentreThe World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) is the world’s leading researchinstitution on tropical agroforestry. The World Agroforestry Centreis part of The Alliance of the CGIAR Centres — a global network of15 centres funded by the Consultative Group on International AgriculturalResearch (CGIAR). An autonomous, non-profit research anddevelopment institution, the World Agroforestry Centre is supportedby over 50 different governments, private foundations, regionaldevelopment banks and the World Bank. The Centre uses science togenerate knowledge about the complex role of trees in agriculturalsystems and their effects on livelihood and the environment, andfosters the use of this knowledge to influence decisions and practicesthat affect the poor.E-Mail: icraf@cgiar.orgWebsite: www.worldagroforestry.orgA sap flow metre used to measure tree water use efficiencyThese studies suggest that programmatic approaches tosupport tree planting, that remove constraints to the profitabilityof trees on farm, can yield substantially largerreturns to farmers for given amounts of carbon, than projectbasedapproaches that attempt to directly reward farmersfor carbon. Overall, we remain optimistic that carbon tradingschemes can provide a modest topping-up on the marketbasedbenefits that trees provide to smallholder agroforesters,but only when appropriate incentive mechanismsare developed. In the long run, our work will contribute toenvironmental sustainability (MDG 7) and developing aglobal partnership for development (MDG 8).Dennis Garrity 2 , Meine van Noodwijk, Lou Verchot, andBrent Swallow2 This chapter is based on the oral presentation by Dennis Garrity at the ZIL Annual Conference in June 2006 and a chapter of the ICRAF Annual Report 2005, provided to ZILfor reprint in this report.15

Impact StudyThe development impact of ZIL research on livestocksystems: How targeted research can benefit the poorHow research might help people in developing countriesto escape the “poverty trap” is a question frequentlyasked by the public, the media and the politicians.The impact assessment survey covering ZIL’s programmephase IV (2003 – 2006), dedicated to the research onlivestock systems in support of poor people, indeedidentified actual and potential pathways to translateresearch results into concrete suggestions to improve thelivelihoods of livestock smallholders.this way, it was possible to pinpoint the common featuresthat characterise the successes obtained and the difficultiesencountered. This led to a set of recommendations asspecific and realisable as possible.This chapter summarises the impact assessment studyand thereby demonstrates what a coherently focussedresearch programme is able to achieve in terms of developmentimpact.Following a context analysis that highlights the mainpotentials and challenges of livestock-keeping for smallholdersin developing countries, the measured and perceivedimpacts generated in each ZIL research projectwere identified using questionnaires and interviews withthe research teams and the co-operation partners. Thisinventory covered the factors influencing (positively andnegatively) the actual as well as the potential impactgeneration, both within the projects and on an institutionallevel.The process of impact generation was analysed, thusdetermining how knowledge generation, technologicalinnovation and capacity development can have a developmentalimpact while scientific rigor is maintained.The study examined the tools and strategies employed inorder to bridge the gap between the scientific results andtheir direct or indirect application by the beneficiaries. InThe process of impact generationThe “Livestock Revolution”A prerequisite for impact generation is the relevance of theresearch topic. The priority area chosen by ZIL in 2002focussing on livestock systems is of particular relevance for therural poor in developing countries, who face the simultaneouschallenges of marginalisation and environmental degradationin the context of rapid globalisation and urbanisation.According to the joint OECD-FAO agricultural outlook for 2007 –2016, published in July 2007, the worldwide demand for animalsource foods (ASFs), in particular for meat, eggs and milk,will continue to rapidly increase in developing countries while16

Impact Studygrowing slowly or stagnating in industrialised countries. The“Livestock Revolution”, as this trend was defined when itemerged at the end of the 1990s, is determined by the globallyfast-growing middle classes who make their living in urbanand peri-urban areas and have new demands on food: Itshould contain more protein and micronutrients, be producedand marketed under hygienic conditions and take less time topurchase as well as to prepare.Parallel to the worldwide convergence of consumption patterns,the livestock production sector also shifts to developingcountries, the “Big Three” being Brazil, China and India.Livestock’s Long ShadowLivestock – in their numbers and in the present modes of production– enters direct competition for natural resources withhumans. It also contributes to climate change, land and forestdegradation as well as water and air pollution. According to“Livestock’s Long Shadow”, published by the FAO in November2006, livestock production presently generates more greenhousegas emissions (18 %) than transport does. It contributesPer capita consumption of livestock products 1966 – 2030(Source: FAO, 2005: Global and regional food consumption patterns and trends)to 70 % of dry land depletion and turned 70 % of previouslyforested land of the Amazon into pastures and feed crop fields.Livestock uses 8 % of the water needed by humans worldwide.Competing with wildlife and overexploiting other species forfeed (fish), it not only poses a threat to biodiversity but is alsoendangered itself in its genetic diversity as a consequence ofthe concentration on a few profitable breeds.Livestock remains a key asset for poor smallholders – but forhow long?Paradoxically, although it only generates 1.4 % of the world’s GDP,livestock is estimated to be an asset to one billion poor, i.e. the40 % of the world population who live on less than 2 USD per day.As a multi-purpose capital and revenue, livestock providesfood and raw material for all basic needs: draught power,income and savings, as well as employment. Poor smallholdersearn a larger proportion of their income from livestockthan wealthier farmers. Indeed, livestock is the only livelihoodoption for many poor who do not own land. This is particularlyimportant for women, since livestock-keeping requires noformal education and only few skills and investments.Additionally, livestock plays an important role in the social,cultural and religious life of (rural) societies in developingcountries.However, the economic changes of the last two decades inbreeding, keeping, trading and consumption of livestockproducts have unprecedented consequences for the ruralpoor. Because of the pressure on land resulting from theindustrialisation of production, processing and marketing,the poor are forced to resettle in less fertile and more remoteareas. This marginalisation leads, in turn, to a reduction in17

Impact Study18market opportunities and in productivity of their herds whileincreasing the pressure on the scarce natural resources, whichcontributes further to environmental degradation.In order to support poor livestock-keeping households in seizingthe opportunities of the Livestock Revolution, or at least in mitigatingits negative consequences, complementary approachesare necessary, such as reforms in policy and governance, technicaldevelopment programmes and pro-poor research.ZIL’s contribution to improving the livelihood of livestocksmallholdersZIL’s research programme tackled essential topics concerninglivestock in a context of poverty and vulnerability, dealingwith• improved feeds: low-cost high-quality animal nutrition;• improved breeds: disease-resistant, productive andculturally acceptable breeds;• improved policies: understanding the systems toovercome weaknesses in the supply chain in a context oftransition and conflict;• improved nutrition: reducing protein and micronutrientdeficiency;and, beside the livestock-focussed projects,• improved food security: reducing post-harvest and yieldlosses in beans and cassava.The various scientific results obtained are not only valuable forbeing published and made accessible to the community of scientificpeers; they also provide concrete positive solutions forpoor households keeping livestock in terms of increased incomesecurity, reduced vulnerability and emerging well-being.For example, the new screening methodology developed inthe project on low phosphorus tolerance in Brachiaria grasseswas adopted by CIAT, who cooperates with researchers of aninternational seed company to further improve the Brachiariahybrids and later disseminate them in Latin America, Africaand Asia.Similarly, the final results of the long-term research on thecombination of optimised natural resources for the safe storageand food processing of beans pursued at the ETH Zurichled to the crossing of the storage protein arcelin in every newbean line by CIAT (the worldwide mandate holder on beans).Either result-oriented through new knowledge and technologiesor process-oriented through capacity development, theZIL projects allow the suggesting of well-founded, viable andsustainable options for policy-makers to reduce the negativeconsequences of global changes in the livestock sector for thepoor, such as in the project on the relationship between livestock-keepingand the diet of young children in Ethiopia: ILRI,a partner of ZIL, is drafting practical recommendations for therelevant ministries to improve their nutrition campaigns andmessages conceerning nutritional security, substantiated onthe new findings of the abovementioned ZIL project.Targeting the final beneficiaries, these projects help identifyopportunities for smallholders to maintain, respectivelyupgrade, their livestock assets and to access the supply chain.As a consequence of the qualitative and quantitative improvementsdemonstrated in the scientific trials on dry-seasonfeeding systems, dairy cattle smallholders in Nicaraguaformed an association to qualify for government credit withthe purpose of extending their forage-planted surfaces.In Côte d’Ivoire, young livestock-keepers from the Northernregion formed an association in order to profit from theopportunities identified in the socio-economic analysis of theprevailing livestock systems.In terms of academic capacity development, twelve doctoraldegrees (six of them by women and five by students from

Impact Studydeveloping countries) as well as 14 other degrees wereobtained during phase IV. Capacity development is a key inputoffered by ZIL to young scientists who come from developingcountries. These researchers are the ones who will – oftenunder difficult circumstances – regenerate or construct thenational scientific communities. These communities will beable to suggest solutions for the long-term improvement ofhuman livelihoods as well as the sustainable use of naturalresources on national and regional levels and to participate inthe international scientific and developmental debates.The features of the impact-generating processThe examples listed above illustrate the follow-up processconsecutive or parallel to the ZIL research projects that has anactual or potential repercussion on the livelihoods of poorhouseholds. Analysing the scaling-up from single researchinitiatives to a development process pinpoints the commoncharacteristics that contribute to the generation of impact,which may plausibly be attributed – at least partially – to theZIL projects.The co-operation with the CGIAR as a strong partner allowssynergy of research capacity and initiatives, worldwide disseminationof research results and the optimal return oninvestment of public funds.Dedication to a research topic over long period (over severalZIL phases) allows thorough scientific investigations thatrequire a long time before they produce results relevant forthe rural poor.Innovation on a specific aspect of a complex research topicprovides cutting-edge findings that can be translated into targeteddevelopment messages and strategies.The composition of multi-disciplinary teams facilitatesaddressing the complex livelihood strategies of poor people.Interaction of ZIL projects with the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (Source: DFID1998, www.livelihoods.org); The terms H, N, F, S and P are explained in the text, below.Finally, the creation of learning alliances by planning theproject with the beneficiaries or at least sharing the resultswith them lends the research added legitimacy and guaranteesits development relevance.On the programme level, ZIL has followed an impact-orientedstrategy relying on thematic concentration, visibility and thenurturing of European and international alliances. It hasthereby consolidated its position as an acknowledged channelwhich enables scientific teams with members from theconcerned countries as well as from Switzerland to carry outagricultural research that is particularly relevant for developingcountries.The striking similarity between the ZIL Framework (p. 24) andthe Sustainable Livelihood Framework in use within all majordevelopment agencies is not only visual; it reveals a similarmethodical approach: each research project supported by ZILintends to influence one or several of the capital assetsdescribed in the polygon of the Sustainable LivelihoodFramework, be it any dimension or combination of the natu-19

Impact Study20ral (N), human (H), financial (F), physical (P), and social (S)wealth of poor rural households.ZIL’s challenges in generating development impactScientific exactness and development relevance are still consideredto be diverging priorities by some scientists whoargue that cutting-edge academic results are aimed primarilyat publication and the indication of new orientations for thescientific community. Any impact might emerge later on,either through a spontaneous trickle-down effect or througha transfer of technology propagated by national policies andextension services.However, the process of translating scientific results into theirapplications hardly takes place if not promoted and monitoredpro-actively from the very beginning.The duration of a project corresponds to the time needed bya student to obtain his/her doctoral degree (on the averagethree to four years) and is thus too short for realisticallyhaving sustainable consequences without accompanyingmeasures and follow-up activities.Finally, unexpected project expenses (such as the extensionof the project duration) often are covered by tapping thefunds initially foreseen for impact-generating measures.Recommendations for increasing the development impact ofthe ZIL research programmeZIL pursues a two-pronged strategy of both scientific rigorand impact generation; this double ambition is reflected inthe ZIL budget, the one half being funded by the ETH Zurichand the other half by the SDC.Nevertheless, the impact orientation needs to be tackled in asystematic and pro-active manner. To this effect, ZIL shouldconsider additional measures to more systematically inducedirect (and indirect) positive consequences of the researchactivities which it supports.Future-oriented but immediately applicable, the followingrecommendations aim at embedding the concept of impactin the projects and in the mindsets of the research teamsfrom the very beginning:1. Ensure that development-oriented criteria are included inthe selection process of the doctoral candidates;2. Develop and institutionalise (with credit points) a sensitisationtraining on impact orientation in research for doctoralcandidates, including:• basics in development topics, methods and tools,• individual introduction to the other disciplines of thefuture research teams, and• inputs by high-ranking scientists who carry outresearch for development;3. Define as specifically as possible in the project documentand in the project budget:• the positive consequences (qualitative and quantitative)expected from the research activity, and• the respective measures envisaged to transmit theseresults to the beneficiaries;4. Monitor the generation of impact: Develop a reportingframe that includes a chapter on impact and mechanismsfor regular communication between the ZIL managementteam and the research teams;5. Secure the backstopping of the projects (support to theresearch teams in organisational matters so as to liberatecapacity for impact-oriented activities);6. Design phasing-out measures in order to bring the projectsto a controlled end;

Impact Study7. Design concrete follow-up measures together with theproject partners;8. Network and lobby for follow-up measures with institutionsable and willing to implement follow-up projects inapplied research and /or development;9. Increment the ZIL budget so as to earmark funds forimpact-oriented phasing-out and follow-up measures(e.g. with a new “seed money” equivalent budget line).Regarding the programme phase IV, the list of recommendationsstarts with point 6. This should include, as a first priority,a feedback of the project results to the stakeholdersinvolved during the research and a broad dissemination ofproject results (pamphlets, technical handbooks, workshops).Project Cycle Management and impact monitoring are synchronised processes.PerspectivesThe opportunities for ZIL to extend the positive impact of itsresearch programme beyond the duration of the single projectsare numerous and thrilling.Possessing solid foundations for generating impact out of itscapital (the research projects, the research teams, the managementteam and the tools already in place) and hopefullymaking use of some of the above-listed suggestions, ZIL canat first elaborate an impact-generating strategy and see to itsfinancing, then put the strategy in place and thus demonstrateby good practice that development-oriented researchhas a positive impact on the livelihoods of the people it ismeant to benefit.Sabine Hahn-Fornet21

ERA-ARDThe European Research Area inAgricultural Research for Development (ERA-ARD)Promoting collaboration in European ARD to strengthen agricultural research for the world’s poor22Agricultural Research for Development (ARD) plays a criticalrole in fighting poverty and hunger and in supporting rapidand sustainable development of the poorest countries of theworld. For historical, socio-economic and cultural reasons,European States have developed a unique field-based scientificexpertise in ARD and support ARD directly or indirectlythrough their bilateral and multilateral programmes.However, on the national level, the responsibility for ARD programmeplanning and funding is often dispersed and sharedbetween different ministries, public institutions and otherfunding bodies. On the European level, there is a need forincreased coordination and cooperation between theresearch activities of the different member states and for thelaunching of joint ARD research programmes.The European Research Area in Agricultural Research forDevelopment (ERA-ARD) responds to the need to betterunderstand how European ARD programmes are identified,selected, designed, funded and managed at the national level.The project seeks to improve synergies between the nationalARD programmes in Europe, to increase the effectiveness andefficiency of European agricultural research planning, fundingand implementation and to launch new transnationalprogrammes. 13 EU member states plus Switzerland – representedby the SDC – are taking part in this project. ZIL hasbeen entrusted by the SDC to manage and coordinate theSwiss contribution to the project. ZIL leads the Swiss consortiumfor the ERA-ARD project, additionally comprising theSwiss College of Agriculture (SHL, Zollikofen) and the Centrefor Development and Environment (CDE, Berne). The ERA-ARDproject started in April 2005 and will end in March 2009.ERA-ARD is a project within the ERA-NET scheme of the 6 thFramework Programme of the European Commission. Theobjective of the ERA-NET scheme is to enhance the cooperationand coordination of research activities carried out onnational or regional levels in the Member States andAssociated States.ERA-ARD activities in 2006 and 2007In early 2006, ERA-ARD project partners conducted extensivesurveys to map national ARD programmes in each participatingcountry with the aim of identifying areas of complementarity,duplication and potential synergy between differentprogrammes. Based on the results of this mapping exerciseand by complementing consultation processes, a series ofstudies are being conducted:• ERA-ARD and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs):This study surveys the extent to which the current ARD ofEU Member States and Associated States is designed tocontribute to the realisation of the MDGs and on how thiscontribution could be improved in the future.• Innovative capacity development approaches for the ERA-ARD project: This study explores best practices and innovativeapproaches to strengthen capacity development inARD. An action plan for joint capacity development activitiesis currently in preparation.• A strategic vision for European ARD in 2015 and beyond:In 2007, a consultation process was launched and ERA-ARDconsortium members provided inputs to this strategicvision during two workshops in March and May 2007. In thestrategic vision, a number of scenarios and their potentialimpact on the future ARD research agenda are summarised.It discusses how the future ARD landscape and context willlook like, what options exist for positioning and shapingEuropean ARD in the context of evolving global ARD, andhow the contribution of ERA-ARD to the MillenniumDevelopment Goals could be enhanced.

ERA-ARDThe strategic vision for European ARD was presented and discussedduring the ERA-ARD International Conference on“Agricultural Research for Development in Europe: Towards aShared Vision”. More than 150 people, representing the mostimportant stakeholders in the ARD sector from the differentregions of the world, participated in this conference whichtook place in Brussels in June 2007. Representatives fromARD networks, national and international research centres,producers and farmers’ organisations and agrobusinessdebated on the future of ARD in Europe, the needs andexpectations of the partner countries and the added value ofimproved cooperation and coordination for two days.The three abovementioned studies and the conference proceedingsare available on the internet:http://conference.era-ard.org/content/view/3/4/The implementation of joint or transnational activities andprogrammes will require a common methodology for ARDprogramme management. A task force has been establishedfor the design of common or compatible methodologies forARD planning, monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment.This task force presented a first draft of guidelines formanaging joint programmes under the ERA-ARD project inJanuary 2007.ZIL hosted the meeting of the ERA-ARD Management Team in September, 2006.The representatives pictured here (above: from Hungary, France, Lithuania and Austria;below: from Italy, Switzerland, Poland and the Netherlands) enjoyed a guided excursionto the Masoala Rainforest Hall in Zurich’s zoo.During the third Steering Committee meeting in Brussels inOctober 2006, the ERA-ARD Consortium Members agreed todevelop joint activities in two sub-programmes on FoodSafety and Capacity Development in ARD and to launch atransnational programme on Energy and Food (Biofuels).Manfred Kaufmann23

ZIL research projectsOverviewLivestock systems research in support of poor peopleThe programme phase IV and its respective contract withSDC ended in 2006. Therefore, a series of exercises was put inplace in 2005 to find a new structure and a new topic for theZIL research priority area. It was no small surprise that aftersuccessfully going through all steps necessary to find thenew focus of our research programme, it turned out thatcontinuation with rather small adjustments was the bestand most well-accepted option. Phase V will therefore be afour-year programme with “Livestock systems research insupport of poor people” as its core theme*.From a total of eleven project proposal submissions, eightwere selected (of which six contribute to the livestock systemsresearch programme). The selection process was developedfurther, in particular with two projects that had to beresubmitted. These projects benefited greatly from thisprocess, but it was also evident to the Selection Committee(D-UWIS)that the quality of the proposals had generally improved. Thenew projects brought us new active members and new partners– in particular from Asia –, and more weight to researchon the impact of livestock on the environment, as shown inthe diagramme. This is in timely alliance with FAO’s 2006publication “Livestock’s Long Shadow”, which deals with theenormous burden that livestock-keeping has or will have onthe environment – if it cannot be improved.The Progress Fora of March 2006 and June 2007 were importantin developing the programme, the institution and thecapacity of our stakeholders. While the Progress Forumaimed at defining the new research programme in 2006, wechose the topic “Impact of research for development” in 2007.In alignment with the institutional transition, this topic setout to create awareness for impact and to foster efforts tomanage and achieve impact in terms of poverty alleviationand other developmental goals. We could start out with astudy on the projects of the ending research phase, as presentedon p. 16 ff. The project groups contributed much valuableinformation, that will be helpful to improve not only theoverall output, but even more so our institutional structures,processes, and tools. To see the new groups engage on sucha high level in the impact discussion was a real joy and hasallowed ZIL to build its livestock systems programme on agrowing, sustainable, and solid foundation which will be veryhelpful when we transform ZIL’s research programme into amain pillar of the new North-South Centre.The ZIL tradition of attending the Tropentag in Germany wasvery successful in that way. A record number of ten participantscontributed to the event in Bonn in 2006 with two oralpresentations and with four of the 600 posters.Mathias Egloff24* In spite of the programmatic focus on livestock systems, ZIL funding permits a small number of non-livestock-related projects. These are portrayed on the following fourpages. They either continue former ZIL investments in technology development (phase IV, pp. 25–26), or they relate to new complementary research areas (phase V, pp. 27–28).

ZIL research project, Phase IVProject leaderWilhelm GruissemContact personsPeng ZhangHervé VanderschurenCollaboratorsHernan Ceballos, CIAT, Colombia /Alfred Dixon, IITA, Nigeria /Linda Hanley-Bowdoin, NCSU, USA /Thomas Hohn, University of BaselDurationMarch 2003 – December 2006ZIL research projectsCassavaresearchDevelopment and testing of cassava lines with improvedresistance to African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV)Cassava genotype (a), geminivirus genome (b) and whitefly as vector (c)are the key components of cassava mosaic disease in Africa.abcOur project aims at developing and testing transgenic cassavaresistant to cassava mosaic disease (CMD), which is one ofthe major problems encountered in cassava fields in Africa.CMD is caused by whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses, agroup of DNA viruses with bipartite components. Synergism,recombination and pseudo-recombination between differentcassava geminivirus species have conferred these species virulencewhich has led to the recent pandemics of severe CMDin Africa. To tackle the major constraint of cassava, we developedthe RNA-mediated virus resistance in transgenic cassavavia either antisense technology or small RNAs. Finally,we expect that our technology could not only support theproof-of-concept but also provide local farmers with geminivirus-resistantlines to secure cassava production in thesubsistence farming system.In the first generation of CMD-resistant transgenic lines,antisense expression of ACMV viral genes had proven to beeffective against the virus system infection via inhibition ofits replication. These lines are about to be field-trialed inAfrica. To engineer broad-spectrum geminivirus resistance incassava, a new approach has been developed in transgeniccassava based on down-regulation of viral protein productionthrough the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. RNAinterference is a conserved silencing mechanism whichaccounts for mRNA regulation via post-transcriptional genesilencing (PTGS) and/or transcriptional gene silencing (TGS).Transgenic cassava expressing hairpin double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) homologous to gemini-viral sequences was able tosuppress viral mRNA production, therefore leading to adecreased level of viral replication and movement in theinfected plant. We have successfully accelerated the recoveryprocess in infected cassava plants by expressing hairpindsRNA targeting the gemini-viral promoter region.Concurrently, complete resistance has been achieved intransgenic cassava expressing high levels of small RNAshomologous to the conserved region of cassava geminivirusreplication-associated protein (AC1/Rep) via an intron-containinghairpin RNA construct. The robustness of resistanceto various cassava geminiviruses will be evaluated in differentlocations in Africa.25

ZIL research projectsIntegratedPestManagementZIL research project, Phase IVProject leaderSilvia DornContact personsGuido Velten / Anja S. RottCollaboratorsCesar Cardona, CIAT, Colombia /Béatrice Conde Petit, ETH ZurichDurationJanuary 2003 – December 2006Food chain legumes: Combining natural resourcesfor safe storage and favourable food processingThis project elucidated favourable host-plant traits, which, inconcert with a parasitic wasp, suppress post-harvest damageby the bruchid pest Acanthoscelides obtectus, and allow forgood food processing. Using the model tritrophic system ofbean, the pest A. obtectus and the parasitoid Dinarmus basalis,we investigated which bean plant resistance factors areoptimal in combination with the parasitoid to suppressbruchid damage, and how these factors influence food processing.The studied host-plant related traits comprisedphysical traits, in particular seed coat parameters, andchemical traits, in particular the storage protein arcelin.The study demonstrated that a combined application of thebiological control agent D. basalis with arcelin-expressingbean genotypes (i.e. hostplantresistance factors)holds the potential tosuccessfully protectstored beansfrom attackby the bruchidA. obtectus. Intermediatearcelinconcentrations sufficientlyinhibit bruchid growth toThe natural storage protein arcelin in beans is a promising componentfor integrated storage systems. It is highly compatible in a tritrophic contextand does not detectably alter cooking quality in dry beans.enhance parasitoid performance without affecting food processingkinetics through the altered protein composition.Even intermediate concentrations of the storage proteinarcelin cause an inhibitory effect on the development of thebruchid A. obtectus, which is sufficient to enhance the potentialof the parasitoid D. basalis to control the already partlysuppressed bruchid. Neither the application of the parasitoidas a biological control agent against A. obtectus, nor food processingis affected by the expression of arcelin. Based on thisnew finding, the continued use of arcelin is strongly encouragedas an important natural genetic resource in breedingprogrammes for the development of pest-resistant bean lines.The generated data provide empirical evidence of the reliableeffect of D. basalis as a biocontrol agent in an integratedmanagement programme. The system developed can beapplied directly where A. obtectus is the only bruchid pest (athigher elevation zones in Colombia). Cost-effective largescaleproduction of D. basalis shall be based on the reportedspecialised life history traits of this synovigenic host-feedingparasitoid. Application in the field, i.e. the technique andtiming of parasitoid release, can be based on experimentalfield releases (documented in the previous ZIL project bySchmale and colleagues, 2005).It is of great advantage that, in addition, arcelin causes resistanceagainst the second most important bean pest in LatinAmerica, Zabrotes subfasciatus. We recommend that theefficiency of the combined use of arcelin-expressing beansand the parasitoid D. basalis is further validated for storagesituations at lower altitudes with sympatric occurrence ofA. obtectus and Z. subfasciatus.The successful implementation of an integrated pest managementsystem including the two proposed components,arcelin and the parasitoid, would enable resource-poorfarmers to protect their yields, thus improving the livelihoodof their families.26

ZIL research project, Phase VProject leadersRainer Schulin / Richard Hurrell /Emmanuel FrossardContact personManouchehr Amini, Mahin Karami,Nazamin Roohani SharakiCollaboratorsMajd Afyuni, Amir Khoshgoftarmanesh,Isfahan University of Technology, Iran /Claudia Binder, University of Zurich / ArminKeller, Agroscope Reckenholz-Taenikon (ART)DurationJuly 2007 – June 2010ZIL research projectsMicronutrientmodellingFood quality and public healthZinc fluxes from the soil into the food chain inarid agro-ecosystems – A case study in IranZinc (Zn) deficiency is now recognised as a major problem ofhuman nutrition worldwide. It is particularly severe wherepopulations depend on cereals as staple food and have aninsufficient dietary intake of Zn from legumes or animalproducts (a widespread situation in arid regions of developingcountries). Biofortification of food crops is a promisingstrategy to fight mineral malnutrition in these countries. Inaddition to breeding for crop varieties with enhanced Znefficiency,the adaptation of farming practices such as fertilisationand other soil amendments has potential, as well, toimprove the Zn density of consumed parts of food plants.Independent of the chosen strategy, sustainable solutionsmust consider the system of land use, agricultural managementpractices, food production, consumer behaviour, andhuman nutrition as a whole. Such an approach requires theknowledge and understanding of the relevant Zn fluxesthrough the system.Irrigation agriculture in central IranThe objective of this project is to develop a system of modelbasedprocedures by which the fluxes of the essentialmicroelement zinc through the food chain from soil throughplants and livestock to the human population can beassessed on a regional or larger scale and that can be used (i)to identify dominant Zn pathways in human nutrition forarid regions where Zn deficiency is a major problem; (ii) toanalyse effects of soil, climate, land use and agricultural practiceson the nutritional quality of the produced foodstuffswith respect to Zn availability for humans; and (iii) to evaluateagricultural options to reduce dietary Zn deficiency.For this purpose, an existing model which has been developedfor the assessment of regional-scale heavy metal fluxesin Swiss agro-ecosystems will be extended to include thefood chain from crops to humans and adapted to the conditionsof arid regions, using central Iran as an exemplary case.27

ZIL research projectsEcosystemservicesEnvironmentZIL research project, Phase VProject leaderJaboury GhazoulContact personsVirginie Boreux / Smitha KrishnanCollaboratorsJean-Pierre Sorg, ETH Zurich / R. UmaShaanker, University of AgriculturalSciences, Bangalore, India /C.G. Kushalappa, College of ForestryPonnampet, Karnataka, India /Doug Sheil, CIFOR, IndonesiaDurationOctober 2007 – September 2010An ecosystem service approach to agricultural securityin a sacred landscape mosaicThe ecosystem service concept has been promoted as providingan effective framework by which economic and ecologicalvalues can be integrated within the scope of developmentand poverty alleviation. We adopt the ecosystem approach toensure optimal agricultural productivity while simultaneouslyenhancing options to improve the livelihoods of therural poor and securing biodiversity conservation. This objectiveis to be addressed in the Kodagu district, Southern India,an area renowned for coffee production and its “sacredgrove” forests. These forest patches are repositories of nativebiodiversity and sources of non-timber forest products harvestedby local poor and marginal communities, but whichare now subject to threats from agricultural encroachment,illegal logging, overgrazing and invasive species. The costs ofcontinued encroachment include the potential loss of importantecosystem services that are indispensable for the productivityof coffee, cardamom, pepper and other crops thatform the economic mainstay of the region.We intend to determine and quantify the ecological and economiclinks between traditionally conserved “sacred grove”forests and the productivity of the surrounding agriculturalmatrix using the ecosystem service approach, in order todevelop an improved basis for management of this uniqueagricultural landscape. The project will focus on pollinationservices provided by sacred grove forests to the surroundingcoffee plantations. Quantifying pollination services, and raisingawareness of the economic values of this and otherecosystem services among coffee growers, could potentiallycontribute to improved quantity and quality of coffee yields.The ecosystem service approach we have chosen thereforeprovides an opportunity for realising the mutually beneficialobjectives of poverty alleviation, conservation and agriculturalproductivity.The Asian giant honeybee, Apis dorsata, is one of a number of pollinators ofcoffee in Southern India. This bee provides an important ecosystem service,but this may not be sufficient to justify the conservation of native tree coveras these bees persist in highly anthropogenically-altered landscapes.28

ZIL research project, Phase VProject leadersStefanie Engel / Andrea MayerContact personAstrid ZabelCollaboratorsAnil Gupta, Indian Institute of Management, India /Robin Reid, Mohammed Said, ILRI, Kenya / PoojaSawhney, Adelphi Research GmbH, Germany / JeffSayer, WWF International, Switzerland / GöranBostedt, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences /Thomas Sterner, Göteborg University, Sweden /Michael Kreuzer, ETH ZurichDurationApril 2007 – March 2010ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchEnvironmentNew policy mechanisms to mitigate wildlife-livestockconflicts in Bandhavgarh National Park in IndiaAround the world the population sizes of many large carnivorespecies have dramatically dropped in recent years.Although appreciated by many as charismatic and beautifulanimals, large carnivores can impose serious hardships onpoor farmers who herd livestock in or close to a carnivore’shabitat. In consequence, herders often seek to eliminate theproblem-causing carnivores. Many programmes such as expostcompensation have been launched as an attempt toalleviate the economic hardship of predation incidents, butfew have successfully reduced incentives to poach.The goal of this interdisciplinary project is to assess thepotential of new policy mechanisms, in particular performancepayments, to mitigate wildlife-livestock conflicts.Performance payments are made to livestock herders basedon the number of carnivore offspring that are certified on thelivestock’s grazing grounds.The research project can be subdivided into three parts. Thefirst part focuses on developing theoretical models to comparethe strengths and weaknesses of performance paymentswith conventional ex-post compensation.The second part of the project is devoted to an empiricalassessment of the determinants of success of the Swedish –and world-wide first – performance payment scheme in acarnivore-livestock context.The third part focuses on the transferability of a performancepayment scheme to a developing country context. Forconcreteness we intend to assess the applicability of thescheme to the Bandhavgarh National Park Tiger Reserve inIndia. In the Park we will conduct both interviews and fieldstudies. In order to fathom why domestic animals enter theforest where the tiger lives and where conflicts with tigers orSolving wildlife-livestock conflicts is essential to preserve biodiversity and safeguardlivelihoods of poor livestock owners. (Source: Save The Tiger Fund)tigers’ prey species might occur, we will assess which plantspecies they browse and graze through direct observations ofthe grazing animals (including bite counts). A major researchfocus will be on assessing the nature of dependenciesbetween vulnerability to wildlife-livestock conflicts (in particularpredation issues and competition for food), livestockhusbandry systems, and poverty.29

ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchEnvironmentZIL research project, Phase VProject leadersNina Buchmann / Werner EugsterSilvia Dorn / Karsten ModyContact personsSebastian WolfMirco PlathCollaboratorsCatherine Potvin, STRI, Panamaand McGill University, Canada /Hector Barrios, Universidad dePanama and STRI, PanamaDurationJuly 2006 – December 2009Sustainable agroforestry for carbon sequestrationto improve small farmers’ livelihood in the tropicspotentials of the two land use types in Panama. The responsibledoctoral student started in November 2006 and preparedthe set-up of two flux tower sites over winter.Unfortunately, the quality of the old data sets provided byC. Potvin was insufficient for the extraction of flux data orC sink information from earlier times. In November 2006, aproject meeting took place with partners from Switzerlandand Germany. In January/February 2007, the two towerswere installed (after recalibration, upgrades or replacementof old sensors, provided by C. Potvin). First continuous measurementsstarted in February 2007 (http://biology.mcgill.ca/faculty/potvin/sardinilla.htm). Currently, telecommunicationis established so that data acquisition can be monitored anddata quality remotely checked online.Flux tower at the pasture site at Sardinilla, Panama. CO2 and water fluxesare measured continuously to quantify carbon sequestration potentialsof different land use types in Panama.This project has a twofold objective, investigated in twosubprojects.Subproject 1 aims at assessing the response of plant productivityto future climate change in different land use systemsin Panama, and to quantify their carbon sequestrationpotentials, providing baseline information for adaptive managementdecisions and the very first data sets to policy-makers.Using two flux towers, one in pasture and one in theimproved afforestation system (with native tree species ofvarying plant diversity), water and CO 2 fluxes will be measuredcontinuously in order to quantify carbon sequestrationSubproject 2 aims at taking novel natural-based approachesto increase plant health and reduce insect pests in afforestationand silvopastoral systems. This subproject shall supporttimber tree establishment on current pastures as a futuresource of income to rural poor. New plantations were establishedon the STRI-owned Sardinilla site near Panama City byAugust 2006, thanks to the close collaboration between theETH Zurich, STRI, the University of Panama and PRORENA.*The pasture-afforestation system focuses on mixed stands ofnative timber trees on pastures planted at relatively highdensity. The nearby silvopastoral system combines pasturewith native timber and selected fodder trees in low densitystands. The trial design was almost completely realisedaccording to our plan. A biweekly survey scheme of plantdamage and associated insects has been implemented, andspecies identification has been initiated, thus taking advantageof insect collections and expertise at the University ofPanama and the ETH Zurich.30* The “Proyecto de Reforestación con Especies Nativos” (PRORENA) is a joint venture between STRI and Yale University.

ZIL research project, Phase VProject leadersPeter Stamp, IPW / Armin Grün, D-BAUG /Bernard Lehmann, IEDContact personsIngrid Aulinger Leipner, IPW /Martijn Sonnevelt, IED /Henri Eisenbeiss, D-BAUGCollaboratorsRavi Sangakkara, Cyril Bogawahatte,Peradeniya University, Sri Lanka /Lal Samarakoon, AIT, ThailandDurationOctober 2006 – September 2009ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchFodder resourcesEnvironmentValue chains and policy analysisReversing soil degradation by tropicallegume trees using GIS analysisSelling wood for dendrothermal electricity production is a newsupplemental and stable income opportunity for smallholderfarmers in the Walapane region of Sri Lanka. To guarantee anadequate supply of wood, the introduction of legume foddertrees (e.g. Gliricidia sepium) has been promoted. This allows foran innovative combination of increased income by sellingwood and by raising goats using fodder leaves, as well as byregenerating the soil fertility of degraded land.The main goal of this project is the establishment of a GISbasedmodel to evaluate changes of the agronomic and thesocio-economic situation in the Walapane region through theincorporation of Gliricidia trees in the agricultural systems.For the on-farm research approach chosen for the presentproject, a set of focal points situated in representative fieldsand linked to single farms was selected with the aid ofsatellite images and digital maps. These focal points will bethe basis for an extensive on-site analysis. It will encompassagronomic and socio-economic aspects of the introductionof Gliricidia sepium into smallholder farms, including, besidesanalyses of soil properties, large on-farm field tests of twomodel crops.Farm families manage a large variety of annual and perennial crops in fields and home gardens.Scope of the research: Farmers’ decisions based on the institutional framework and theirattitudes, values and perceptions about ecological problems and their intentions to face them.The remote sensing data, the agronomic and socio-economicfield survey data and the results from field tests will finally beintegrated into the Walapane GIS, a platform for the storage,administration, analysis and visualisation of all spatially-relatedproject data, with the inclusion of conceptual and physicaldata models for the realisation of the analysis functions.On this basis, we will be able to deliver decision tools on howlegume trees can be used in an optimal way to stabilise incomesand remediate soil degradation in tropical hillside regions.31

ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchFodder resourcesZIL research project, Phase VProject leaderEmmanuel FrossardContact personsAstrid ObersonSabine DouxchampsCollaboratorsIdupulapati Rao, Axel Schmidt,Rein van der Hoek, CIAT, Colombia /Martin Mena, INTA, Nicaragua /Andrea Mayer, Michael Kreuzer,ETH ZurichDurationJanuary 2007 – December 2009Benefits of cover crop legumesin smallholder crop-livestock systems ofthe hillsides of Central AmericaDue to population growth in poor rural areas of theNicaraguan hillsides, land use has been intensified in a waythat adversely affects soil fertility. Crop and livestock productivityhas therefore declined, leading to the decrease of incomeand to food insecurity. Cropping is limited to two shortand successive rainy seasons, and livestock suffers from forageshortages during the following five-month dry season.We will evaluate the effects of introducing Canavalia brasiliensis(canavalia), a highly drought-adapted cover legume, eitheras green manure for improving crop productivity or as foragefor improving animal productivity, into the traditional maizebean-livestockproduction system. We hypothesise that itmakes a significant N input in the soil-plant system throughsymbiotic N 2 fixation, decreases water losses and provides agood quality animal feed during the dry season.In May 2007, trials were set up on eleven smallholder farmsin the district of Condega. Green manure trials aim to comparemaize yields and the N budget of the maize-bean rotationwith the maize-canavalia rotation, where canavalia ispartially removed or not during the dry season to serve asanimal feed. Yield and quality of milk from cows grazing thetraditional maize stover versus a maize-canavalia mixturewill be compared in livestock trials. N dynamics in thesoil/plant system will be studied in depth in an on-stationfield experiment, using direct and indirect 15 N-labelling techniques.Forage quality of canavalia will be assessed in feedingtrials with sheep.The project is carried out in collaboration between twogroups of the ETH Zurich (Plant Nutrition and AnimalNutrition), the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) and the Nicaraguan Institute of AgriculturalTechnology (INTA).The socio-economic aspects of this work are addressed by aparallel project funded by the Systemwide LivestockProgramme of the CGIAR, and conducted by CIAT (F. Holmannet al.), INTA (M. Mena) and the University of Zurich (C. Binder).Left: Livestock in smallholder farms of Condega (Department of Esteli, Nicaragua)Right: Canavalia brasiliensis in the field trial of San Dionisio (Department of Matagalpa, Nicaragua)32

ZIL research project, Phase IVProject leaderMichael Kreuzer /Christoph Morger, IntercooperationContact personKarin BartlCollaboratorsJorge Gamarra, Carlos Gómez, Univ. La Molina,Peru / Federico Holmann, Carlos Lascano,CIAT, Colombia / Axel Schmidt, CIAT, Nicaragua /Hans-Dieter Hess, ALP / Urs Scheidegger,SHL / Andrea Mayer, Christophe Lacroix,Hans-Rudolf Wettstein, ETH ZurichDurationJuly 2004 – March 2008ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchFeeding strategiesImproved feeding systems for smallholder dairy cattlewith emphasis on dry season feedingand its effect on milk production and qualityIn the mountainous regions of Peru and Nicaragua, milk productionis an important source of income for smallholders.The effects of feed quality, cattle genotype and altitudinalposition of the production site on yield and composition ofmilk has been analysed in a feeding experiment carried outat 3 600 m asl in Peru. Six local Criollo cows and six BrownSwiss cows were fed three diets with contrasting quality. Thealtitude effect was determined by analysing the datatogether with the results of an identical animal trial carriedout last year at 200 m asl. Diet and genotype bothsignificantly affected milk production (P

ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchFodder resourcesZIL research project, Phase IVProject leaderEmmanuel FrossardContact personsAnnabé Louw-GaumeAlain GaumeSergio Mejía KerguelénCollaboratorsIdupulapati Rao, Joe Tohme,Carlos Lascano, CIAT, Colombia /Michael Kreuzer, ETH ZurichDurationAugust 2003 – August 2007Adaptation of Brachiaria species to low-P soilsmagnitude of the tissue P concentration required for theinduction of these root-mediated rhizospheric mechanismsfor P acquisition. We found evidence that the manifestationof these biochemical markers preceded the appearance ofP-limited plant growth in B. ruziziensis. In relation to functionality,it is proposed that: (i) oxalic acid exudation mightprovide a dual ecological solution to alleviate the effectsof P deficiency and Al toxicity, two major co-existing soil constraintsfor Brachiaria pasture productivity; (ii) acid phosphatasesinvolved in the hydrolysis of organic P might alsooffer an important way to enhance P availability, particularlyas a large proportion of tropical soil P occurs in organic forms;and (iii) functional synergism between oxalic acid and acidphosphatases in Brachiaria species for P acquisition cannotbe excluded.Functional relationships between plant morphology and root physiologyand the plant P nutritional status have been identified. Changes inplant growth and root biochemical mechanisms for enhanced P acquisitionare activated upon decreasing plant P concentrations.Investigations at the ETH Zurich focused on possible relationshipsbetween the phosphorus (P) nutritional status andphysiological markers for P stress in hydroponically grownB. decumbens and B. ruziziensis. The contribution of root exudates,both organic acids and acid phosphatase enzymes,during the development of plant P deficiency was examined.In addition, changes in biomass and root length productionas well as biomass allocation, acting as morphological markersfor P deficiency, were studied. Results indicate that thetemporal induction of oxalic acid exudation and acid phosphatasesecretion are linked to decreases in internal plantP concentrations. Species differed with regard to theEvaluation of a segregating population of 191 Brachiariahybrids for shoot and root traits (work done at CIAT) permittedthe selection of 18 genotypes (8 each considered to bewell-adapted and poorly-adapted in addition to the twoparental lines, B. decumbens and B. ruziziensis) using P-deficientMatazul soil. Further testing included targeted screeningfor root morphological parameters e.g. root length/diameter and root biomass and the identification of a developmentalstage where genotypic differences in these traitsare maximised. The improved screening criteria are currentlyapplied and plant material that is suitable for gene expressionstudies and, subsequently, for candidate gene identificationcould be collected.Progress made during the past year in the identificationof morphological and physiological markers reiterates theimportance of root morphology and root physiology in theelucidation of the adaptive mechanisms for low-P adaptationin Brachiaria grasses.34

ZIL research project, Phase IVProject LeadersHans-Dieter Hess, ALP /Michael Kreuzer / Emmanuel FrossardContact PersonTassilo TiemannCollaboratorsJuan E. Carulla, Barbara Moreno, Univ. Nacionalde Colombia / F. Holmann, C. Lascano, M. Peters,M. Pabón, CIAT, Colombia / Fernando Rodríguez,Corpoica, Colombia / Carla Riccarda Soliva,Hans-Rudolf Wettstein, ETH ZurichDurationJanuary 2004 – December 2006ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchFeeding strategiesThe forage potential of tanniniferous legumes:Search for sustainable ways to cope withnutritional limitations in smallholder livestockA large variety of tropical tree and shrub legume species withpotential as forage plants in regions with acidic soils exists.However, many of these species contain tannins which mightadversely affect their quality as animal feed but seem toenhance their agronomic performance under biotic and abioticstress compared to non-tanniniferous species.Environmental factors including soil fertility might be importantfor the feeding value as they seem to influence typeand concentration of tannins and other plant properties.Two experiments with cattle and sheep conducted in 2006gave insight to feed intake and production data of animalssupplemented with those tanniniferous shrub legumes(Calliandra and Flemingia), which had previously shownpromising results in vitro. In dairy cows, milk production significantlyincreased when small amounts of the high qualitylegume Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) were included in a supplementmainly based on a tanniniferous legume (e.g.Calliandra). Such an improved system might be considered,where farmers could grow small amounts of high qualitylegumes, which is relatively time-consuming and costly, andmix these with a high percentage of well-growing tanniniferouslegumes to supplement dairy cattle. The respiratoryexperiment conducted with growing sheep demonstratedthat supplementation with tanniniferous legumes significantlydecreases methane emission compared to diets withoutsuch legumes.A total of over 60 students, technicians and scientists participatedin the final project workshop conducted to communicatethe results of this research.During the last three years we conducted a field study withfive promising shrub legumes with and without tannins(Calliandra calothyrsus, Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena leucocephala,Desmodium velutinum, Cratylia argentea) on twosoil types with contrasting fertility and various fertilisationlevels. Large differences in plant properties were observedbetween species, sites, fertilisation levels and seasons. Theevaluated properties were growth performance, biomassproduction, forage in vitro degradation dynamics, fiber andmineral composition, tannin content and tannin composition,and their biological activity. All of these plant propertieswere influenced by one or more of the above-mentioned factors.Sheep housed in respiratory chambers in order to assess forage quality and effects onmethane emission35

ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchAnimal production and healthZIL research project, Phase IVProject leaderAwudu Abdulai,Kiel University, GermanyContact personEmily Awuor OumaCollaboratorsAdam Drucker, ILRI /Charles Darwin University, AustraliaDurationOctober 2003 – May 2007Developing optimised cattle breeding schemes, with aspecial focus on trypanotolerance, based on the demands andopportunities of poor livestock-keepers – Economic aspectsIn spite of the crucial role livestock plays in the economies ofmany sub-Saharan African countries, livestock productivityremains relatively low in the region due to several constraints.Demand-driven breed improvement programmesserve as natural entry points for productivity increases, especiallyin areas plagued by diseases such as trypanosomiasis.This study evaluates cattle-keepers’ preferences for cattletraits, which could be used in designing breeding schemes,by using a choice experiment survey of 508 households inKenya and Ethiopia. Mixed logit and latent class models areemployed to empirically model preference behaviour. Theresults reveal significant heterogeneity in preferences mainlybased on the production systems under which cattle husbandrytakes place. For instance, traction potential is a highlyvalued trait among livestock owners in cropping systems,while fertility and reproduction ability are highly valued inthe pastoral systems, reflecting the different cattle-keepingobjectives between production systems. These findingsreveal the importance of distinguishing differences in preferencesbetween population segments as it provides aframework for adapting breeding policy interventions tospecific segments.Livestock grazing in a crop-livestock production system in Lambwe valley inEthiopia (one of the project study areas)The study also investigates pathways by which cattle-keeperscan access improved breeds based on their traits of preference.The use of artificial insemination is limited in therural areas due to inadequate infrastructure. An alternativepathway is through communal breeding bull initiatives. Abinary logit model has been employed to investigate factorsthat influence an individual’s choice to take up collectiveaction decisions through communal based initiatives. Theresults show that resource-poor households with no accessto off-farm income have a higher probability of participatingin collective action initiatives. This implies that an importantpathway for poor cattle keepers to access improved breeds isby means of community-based breeding initiatives.36

ZIL research project, Phase IVProject leaderHaja Kadarmideen, ETH Zurich /CSIROContact personUlrike Janßen-TapkenCollaboratorJack Dekkers,Iowa State University, USADurationOctober 2003 – October 2007ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchAnimal production and healthDeveloping optimised cattle breeding schemes, with aspecial focus on trypanotolerance, based on the demands andopportunities of poor livestock-keepers – Genetic aspectsThe livelihood of resource-poor farmers in sub-Saharan Africadepends largely on livestock production. Cattle play a key rolein subsistence farming by converting resources like grass andcrop wastes that cannot otherwise be exploited into milk,meat, fertiliser, hides, building material and power for tractionor transport (among others). Trypanosomiasis, a protozoandisease transmitted by the tsetse fly, poses a majorthreat to the productivity of this mainstay in an area ofapproximately 10 million km 2 of Africa. Projects aiming tocontrol trypanosomiasis in livestock are mainly directedtowards vector control in combination with chemotherapy.Past experiences in many regions of the tsetse-belt haveshown that the attempts are not sustainable and need a frequentinput of labour and money to be effective. This projecttherefore focuses on the opportunity to exploit the feature oftrypanotolerance generally associated with short horn cattlefrom West Africa which would make farming in tsetse-flyinfestedareas possible with no or very limited aid of drugs orother control methods.community-sensitive multiplication and dissemination ofimproved livestock is expected to be sustainable becausegenetic gain persists in an individual without further input.Group discussion in Ethiopia (crop-livestock system)Bush fires to control the vegetation and to destroy the tsetse-fly habitat in EthiopiaSince different environments, production systems and culturesresult in different demands on cattle breeds, a fieldstudywas conducted to evaluate farmers’ preferences forcattle traits in three sites of Eastern Africa and to define theconditions for the development of a breeding programme inthat area.Population parameters for a cattle herd from a cross-breedingexperiment of N’Dama (trypano-tolerant taurine breed)with Boran (trypano-susceptible zebu breed) show a greatpotential of combining improved production capacity withtrypanotolerance in a synthetic breed by strategic breedingwith a selection programme that could even involve markerinformation to gain production potential without losingdisease tolerance. Applying a nucleus breeding scheme with37

ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchFeeding strategiesFood quality and public healthZIL research project, Phase VProject leadersMichael Kreuzer, Andrea MayerContact personAndrea MayerCollaboratorsLuis Iñíguez, Barbara Rischkowsky, SafouhRihawi, Muhi El-Dine Hilali, Aden Aw-Hassan,Asamoah Larbi, ICARDA, Syria / ChristopheLacroix, Bernard Lehmann, Martin Scheeder,ETH Zurich / Hans-Dieter Hess, ALPDurationOctober 2003 – May 2007Improving small ruminant productivity in dry areasthrough cost-efficient animal nutrition and improvedquality of milk and dairy productsIn dry areas, small ruminant production contributes substantiallyto the livelihood of small-scale and resource-poor farmers.A common limiting factor to all arid regions is feed scarcity.Farmers try to include non-conventional feeds, e.g.by-products of the food industry, and attempt to integratecropping and livestock activity, e.g. by making use of cropresidues. This ZIL project develops new, participatory andWoman milking Awassi sheep in the El-Bab region of SyriaAwassi sheep feeding on olive branches, which were collected bylivestock farmers for their animals after olive tree pruning in Autumnmarket-oriented approaches to improve resource use efficiencyand productivity and profitability of small ruminantproduction systems, in particular fat-tailed Awassi sheep, indry areas by more cost-efficient feeding, enhanced milk quality,and increased farmers’ income.In order to get an overview on the feeds actually used by thefarmers, feed markets were visited in Autumn 2006 and asurvey was conducted with 30 farmers in the El-Bab region ofSyria. A master student will analyse the importance of qualityissues in the market chain of dairy products. In Octoberand November 2007, two digestibility experiments will becarried out at ICARDA, Syria, in order to assess intake,digestibility and nitrogen balance of eight diets (olive leaves,lentil straw, vetch hay and Atriplex halimus leaves as foragetypefeeds, and olive cake, tomato pulp, molasses/sugar beetpulp and broken lentil as concentrate-type feeds) comparedto a traditional control diet. In order to assess the influenceof the different feeds on the whole system, the effect of thefaeces of the experimental animals on certain soil propertieswill be tested in an additional soil experiment. Based on theresults of the digestibility experiment, five diets will beselected for a subsequent feeding experiment with Awassiewes in order to determine the response in milk productionand milk and dairy product quality (e.g. cheese and yogurtquality). In an on-farm experiment, two of the best dietsidentified based on the ewes experiment will be tested onfarmin close collaboration with farmers. Applying Life CycleAssessment (LCA), the ecological sustainability of certainfeeding options will be tested.38

ZIL research project, Phase VProject leadersChristophe Lacroix / Leo MeileContact personsZakaria Farah, Christoph Jans, ETHZurich / Murigu P. Kamau,Muhura Dasel, Univ. of Nairobi, KenyaCollaboratorsJakob Zinsstag, Swiss Tropical Institute,Basel / John Wangoh, Institute of FoodTechnology and Nutrition, Universityof Nairobi, KenyaDurationJune 2007 – June 2010ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchFood quality and public healthCamel milk products of high hygienic quality and safety,for increased income and reduced health risks in KenyaIn Kenya, camels play a central role as milk suppliers. Due tothe advancing urbanisation, camel milk is increasingly commercialisedand consumed in urban areas mainly in the formof fermented milk products. There are important publichealth concerns regarding the risk of commercialised camelmilk. In addition, there are considerable losses caused byfrequent spoilage due to the absence of appropriate conservationmethods.wastage and generation of additional income for the farmersand processors; (iii) regionally, the improved technologieswill offer possibilities for direct adaptation in other similarproduction and market systems in many parts of the continent.The project partners are the Department of Food Technologyand Nutrition at the University of Nairobi and the KenyanCamel Association.The overall objective of the project is to increase the addedvalue of camel milk through development of market-orientedfermented milk products of high quality and prolonged shelflife, creating income and improving (in the long term) thestandard of living in the region.This objective will be achieved through: (i) better knowledgeon the diversity of beneficial and pathogenic microorganismsof traditional fermented products, development of newstarter cultures and controlled fermentation processes fornew marketable camel milk products, all based on modernfood biotechnology and advanced microbiological methods;(ii) studies of the hygienic quality of camel milk on productionand marketing levels, and introduction of simpletechniques to improve the hygiene status on all levels. Theproject is being carried out by two doctoral students (Swissand Kenyan) and one Kenyan MSc student. The first milksample collection in Kenya was started in June 2007 togetherwith analyses carried out by the ETH student.One of the camel herds used for milk sample collection in Nanyuki, KenyaMilking camels: Milk samples are collected directly from the udderThe expected outputs are: (i) improved production processesand new product development; (ii) improved processing andhandling technologies impacting public health, reduced food39

ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchFood quality and public healthZIL research project, Phase IVProject leadersRichard Hurrell /Lena Davidsson, IAEA, AustriaContact personsStephanie Good /Yoseph Shiferaw, ILRI, KenyaCollaboratorsThomas Fitz Randolph, ILRI, Kenya /Belay Kassa, Alemaya University,EthiopiaDurationSeptember 2004 – December 2007Animal source foods and nutritionduring infancy and early childhood300 families with infants who were six months old at thestart of the study were visited during one year to collect dataon dietary consumption patterns, growth and morbidity. Ablood sample was drawn at the end of the study. Informationabout the socio-economic status of the families was collected.The mean family size in rural households was 5.4 comparedto 4.9 in urban households. In general, the yearly income ofurban households was higher than of rural households (4561± 368 Birr compared to 3418 ± 277 Birr). Cows’ milk had beenintroduced to 46 % of children by the age of six months (atleast once daily in 93 % of these children, but many mothers[64 %] diluted milk with water). At six months, 9 % of childrenwere fed eggs at least once a week, while at 18 months 44 %were fed eggs at this frequency. The most frequently consumedfood at 18 months (98 % of children) was “injera”, afermented staple food made of the cereal tef (Eragrostis tef).Mother with her children in the rural area of Debre Zeit, EthiopiaThe diets of populations in developing countries are based onstarchy staple foods. Animal source foods (ASFs) are importantsources of energy, high quality protein and bioavailablemicronutrients but are often consumed in small quantities.This project is focussed on consumption patterns of ASFs inyoung children in Ethiopia and the pathway by which livestock-keepinginfluences their consumption patterns. AlmostGrowth was impaired during the period from six to 18months, a pattern typically found in resource-poor areas. Atsix months, less than 10 % of the children were stunted. Oneyear later, almost 50 % were stunted (height-for-age Z-scorebelow -2 standard deviations of mean of reference population).Blood analysis (n=242) indicated high prevalence ofanaemia at 18 months; 68 % (cut-off 110g/l). These resultshighlight the poor nutritional status of young children inthe Ethiopian highlands. Further analysis will evaluate dataon agricultural economics, consumption of ASFs and childnutrition in more depth.40

ZIL research project, Phase IVProject leaderBernard LehmannContact personsMichel Dumondel, IED / Daouda Dao, CSRSand University of Cocody, Côte d’IvoireCollaboratorsYouan Bi Athanase, CSRS and University ofCocody / Gisèle Sedia, CSRS and Universityof Bouaké / Andres Tschannen, CSRS, Côted’Ivoire / Olivier Girardin, Agricultural Schoolof Delémont / Jakob Zinnstag, STIDurationSeptember 2004 – December 2007ZIL research projectsLivestocksystemsresearchValue chains and policy analysisImprovements in the livestock production systemof small farmers’ householdsIn Côte d’Ivoire, population growth and urbanisation increasethe demand for meat, eggs and milk. Poorly-adapted andinefficient local trade networks hamper supply and causehigh transportation costs. Since September 2002 disruptionsdue to the war have slowed down regional economic integration.As a consequence, there are serious shortages ofmeat supply with massive price fluctuations and the countryincreasingly relies on meat imports.Our project aims at analysing the livestock production systemto identify improvement strategies. A system approachusing group mapping contributes to a model reflecting theviews of the major actors, namely producers, traders, butchers,veterinarians, extension agents, researchers, NGO representatives,and others. The price for the sale of livestock isperceived to be too low by the producers. Group mappingexplains this by limited market access and a lack of information.On the other hand, an analysis of the supply chain indicatesthat the high consumer price is due to a substantialincrease in transportation costs caused by the war-relatedroadblocks.From 2005 to 2006 a survey among about 400 livestock-keepersin Central and Northern Côte d’Ivoire was conducted. Onethird of the respondents were female, justifying a gendersensitiveapproach. More than half of the producers weresmallholders (less than 20 cows), less than a third are illiterate,and only a tenth were members of a farmers’ organisation.A low proportion of farmers has received formal educationor training from the national extension service.Old, illiterate owners prefer a large number of animals, whileyoung ones who are literate and trained in livestock-keepingaim at maximising their profits. 85 % of the stock-keepershave their own herds, 15 % keep their animals in communityherds, 80 % of this latter group mostly for common herdingduring night time. An input-output analysis indicates a differenceof 30 % input costs between less and more efficientcattle owners. Furthermore, owners of individual herds tendto be less efficient than those using common herds.Focus group discussions demonstrated the pre-eminent role ofthe Peulh (Fulani) shepherds in the management of the herds.This will be examined in the following phase of our work.The Korhogo municipal abattoir and the person in charge of hygieneFour types of livestock owners could be distinguished accordingto the level of management and intensification. Twothirds of the livestock owners practice extensive livestockkeepingwithout herders, while the animals of the remainingthird are kept by family members and employed herders.41

Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Research Fellow Partnership Programme for Agriculture,Forestry and Natural Resources – OverviewThe Research Fellow Partnership Programme for Agriculture,Forestry and Natural Resources (RFPP) is a long-standing programmeaiming at fostering the links between the Swissdevelopment-oriented research community and internationalagricultural research institutions, mainly the centres of theCGIAR. RFPP is a support programme targeting young postgraduatesfrom developing countries as well as fromSwitzerland at the beginning of their academic career.The programme is funded by the SDC, and its management ismandated to ZIL. In 2005, a new programme phase lastinguntil 2009, has been agreed upon. Besides administrativechanges, this new contract now includes modest support fortraining at the MSc level by supporting internships at centresof the CGIAR or associated centres, which complements thetraditional RFPP support for doctoral and post-doctoral fellows.This new activity of internships will be implemented inthe second half of 2007.Eight fellowships were concluded during the reporting period.Matthew Abang, Thomas Koellner, David Odongo and NicolasRoost successfully finished their post-doctoral projects. All ofthem are pursuing their academic careers as senior scientistsat major international research institutions. Gabriela Chacón,Frank Muttenzer, Kaspar Schmidt, Joachim Sell and ChristineZundel have successfully obtained their doctoral degrees, andare employed in positions validating their earlier researchexperience.stem rust Ug99, which is rapidly spreading from Eastern Africaand threatening the world’s agriculture, as resistance breedingagainst this strain has not been successful to date.Christine Flury’s post-doctoral project is developing a markerbasedtool to assess the effective population size of Africancattle breeds for conserving genetic diversity. This tool isexpected to be a valuable instrument for future interventionsfor the conservation of animal genetic resources of Africancattle. The doctoral candidate Fotso Kuate will be investigatingthe interactions of the ant Anoplolepis tenella and the Africanroot and tuber scale, which is an emerging major pest of cassavain Central Africa. The post-doctoral fellow Martin Jemo iscontinuing the RFPP partnership between the ETH Zurich andIITA, investigating whether the rapid yield decrease after forestclearance in Cameroon is caused by changes in structure ofthe arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil. MarcoD’Alessandro’s post-doctoral fellowship examines how thescents emitted by maize plants when attacked by parasiticwasps may be used in future maize breeding.Finally, we have to mourn the death of Walter Ogutu. Hebegan his doctoral work on the invasiveness of Prosopis inKenya and died in a car accident while working for the project.Our thoughts are with his family and we keep him in mind asa great person who never lost his sense of humour whileworking hard and pursuing ambitious science.Marc ZossIn 2006/07, six fellowships have been started. Peter Njaustarted his doctoral fellowship on the analysis of the wheat42

Research fellowKaspar Schmidt, ETH ZurichSupervisorsJohn Northridge, IRDD, University of Reading,UK / Jean-Pierre Sorg, ETH Zurich / BronislavI. Venglovsky, Forest Research Institute,KyrgyzstanCollaboratorsCarol J. Colfer, CIFOR, Indonesia / Jean-MarieSamyn, Intercooperation / Gulnaz T. Jalilova,Forest Research Institute, KyrgyzstanDurationMay 2001 – October 2006Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Knowledge and strategies of local peopleinvolved in forest managementin the walnut-fruit forests in KyrgyzstanThe walnut-fruit forests of Southern Kyrgzystan are part of arich cultural landscape, a mosaic of natural forest stands,plantations, arable fields and open areas. They offer a widerange of agricultural and forest products that are used bylocal communities. This research project was aimed at exploringways in which local people can contribute to the sustainablemanagement of these state-owned forests. Researchfocused on forestry-relevant knowledge of local people, theirforest use practices seen in the context of their overall livelihoodsystems, on governance issues and on questions regardingbiodiversity conservation.This project has also contributed to scientific capacity building.Gulnaz Jalilova, a young female Kyrgyz scientist andformer member of the project team, succeeded in securing ascholarship to continue her studies at the University of NaturalResources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) in Vienna, Austria.In terms of knowledge, the study found that, generally, localpeople have solid forestry skills and relevant technical andmarketing knowledge. Applied ecological knowledge, however,is less widespread. This underlines the need forsilvicultural advice to be provided by foresters. Other socioeconomicresults show that the walnut-fruit forests are a keyresource for subsistence and an important, but rather unreliablesource of cash income. Key governance aspectscovered in the analysis include equity issues regarding accessto forest resources, different models to involve local people inforest management, and decision-making regarding forestmanagement. From the findings, recommendations formobilising and extending the knowledge available with localpeople are derived. New roles for local people, state bodiesand civil society are envisaged as these stakeholders movetowards a more participatory management system for thewalnut-fruit forests.An Uzbek leaseholder and his son show seedlings of walnut, dogroseand other fruit trees.43

Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Research fellowGabriela Chacón, CIP, EcuadorSupervisorsCesare Gessler, IPW, ETH Zurich /Gregory Forbes, CIP, PeruCollaboratorMeridith Bonierbale, CIP, PeruDurationAugust 2001 – February 2007Variability in Phytophthora infestans and itspotential role in breeding for resistance in potatoLate blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is the maindisease of potato worldwide. Since the pathogen attacksother plant species in the Solanaceae family, a series of studieswere carried out on the pathogen population in Ecuadorto have a better understanding of its interaction with theseother solanaceous hosts. Isolates of Phytophthora infestanssensu lato (PISL) were collected from at least 20 host species,“Tomatillo”, a host of the section Anarrhichomenum, infected byPhytophthora infestans sensu lato.including the crops potato, tomato, pear melon, tree tomato,and naranjilla, and characterised with a set of phenotypicand genotypic markers. The results showed the existence offour pathogen groups. Three of these (EC-1, US-1, and EC-3)appeared to be clonal lineages, whereas a fourth group (EC-2),associated with hosts of the section Anarrhichomenum,included sexual forms. Isolates of both the EC-3 and the EC-2groups have genotypes distinct from all P. infestans genotypesdescribed in other parts of the world. This was confirmedwith the SSR characterisation, which showed the existenceof two major groups among PISL in Ecuador: one that correspondsto the “classical” P. infestans (EC-1 and US-1) and asecond group (EC-3 and EC-2), that corresponds toP. andina, a new species closely related to P. infestans.Although the different pathogen groups can infect morethan one host species, host specificity apparently plays amajor role in determining host range through quantitativedifferences in pathogen aggressiveness. Wild and cultivatedpotatoes are attacked by the same group (EC-1) and it seemsthat host specificity within this group does not exist. Thisimplies that potato breeders could use wild potatoes assources of resistance to late blight without worrying aboutthe eventual effects of widely diverse and host specificpathogen groups. Finally, the results showed a generalcorrelation between pathogen and host phylogenies, suggestinga process of co-evolution between solanaceoushosts and PISL in the tropical highlands of South America.44

Research fellowChristine Zundel,SHL, ZollikofenSupervisorPeter Nagel, NLU,University of BaselCollaboratorsRachid Hanna, IITA Cotonou, Benin /Urs Scheidegger, SHL, ZollikofenDurationMarch 2002 – December 2006Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Participatory development of cassava green mitebiocontrol in the highlands of CameroonWhat is the most effective way of cassava variety selection inan agro-ecologically diverse environment such as the hillyNorth-West Province of Cameroon? This question arose duringa project dealing with biological options to control thecassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa (see ZIL AnnualReports 2002 – 2005). The low multiplication rate of cassavais a specific challenge which requires that selection, targetedpromotion, multiplication and distribution of new geneticmaterial are optimally interlinked.To explore the extent to which decentralised and participatorycassava variety selection is useful, and how much wecan build on farmers’ own experimentation, we (i) studiedthe interactions between cassava genotype and environmentin formal on-farm trials, and (ii) asked farmers to design andmonitor their own cassava variety trials.We found that, due to high heterogeneity between farmers’fields, decentralised selection is a prerequisite for farmers tomake decisions concerning new varieties. We observed thatfarmers set up their own experiments in a systematic andpurposeful way, with subsequent experimental cycles, eachwith its specific objectives: In the first cycle, they multipliedthe planting material and collected their first experiences.In a second cycle, they tested the varieties in mixturesand/or on different soils. The farmers made decisions ondropping genotypes or on how to integrate these into theirproduction system (in which soils, which cropping patterns,for which purpose) after the second cropping cycle at theearliest.Farmers discuss differences in cassava varietiesThus, we see the role of agricultural institutions mainly indeveloping new genetic material and in making this materialphysically available to farmers. For the selection of newgenetic material, we propose a decentralised scheme that islargely based upon the farmers’ own experience in cassavavariety testing.45

Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Research fellowFrank Muttenzer, IUED GenevaSupervisorMarc Hufty,IUED, GenevaCollaboratorBruno Ramamonjisoa,University of Antananarivo,MadagascarDurationMarch 2003 – December 2006Fiscal incentives for community forestry:Procedural legitimacy in co-management of forestsby multiple stakeholdersDiscourses on environmental governance must be seen in thehistorical context of borrowing foreign legal models. It appearsthat common property is not only a means to legitimise thegovernance model, but also to ensure some endogenous politicalcontrol over the ongoing transformation of ruraleconomies. This reflects a particular conception of justice butis not limited to exclusive ethnic identities. Taking into accountthe needs of migrants, it differs from the recent model of integratedconservation which reinforces predominant customs.Charcoal-making in Marovoay, Ankarafantsika National ParkSince the enactment of a local resource management law in1996, Malagasy land tenure policy has been re-discoveringcommon property regimes, a trend confirmed by the newtenure legislation enacted in 2005. This doctoral dissertationdeals with the particular implications of this paradigm changefor the organisation of the forest sector. It looks at deforestationas a tenure problem whose solution may require therecognition of local laws.Five ethnographies of contrasting settings and populationsshow how property relations are conceived, contested andsecured in the context of the Malagasy forest economy. Thecases analysed include the agricultural colonisation of rainforestsin the Sambirano region and the biological corridornear Ambalavao, the organisation of rural charcoal markets inthe lowlands of Mahajanga, as well as the extraction of raphiapalm fibres on the Eastern coast. They show that people’s participationin the protection of nature is difficult to reconcilewith existing representations of labour, ancestral domain, andpolitical ethnicity.Yet local resistance to new laws does not lead to a legitimacycrisis, as ancient customs are usually reinterpreted accordingto present needs and circumstances. I discuss theories ofinternational environmental policy-making and link these tothe wider question of international development aid. Themechanisms of transmitting environmental norms throughpilot projects, forest tax reform, and conditional legislation areanalysed as three separate aspects.46

Research fellowFrank Eyhorn, NADEL, ETH ZurichSupervisorsUrs Wiesmann, CDE, University ofBerne / Ruedi Baumgartner, NADEL,ETH ZurichCollaboratorsMahesh Ramakrishnan, InternationalCompetence Centre for OrganicAgriculture, Bangalore, India / TushaarShah, IWMI, Anand, IndiaDurationDecember 2003 – December 2006Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)The impact of organic cotton cultivation onthe livelihood of Indian smallholdersThe aim of this doctoral project is to assess to what extentorganic farming could be a way to improve the livelihoodsof smallholders in developing countries in general and ofIndian cotton farmers in particular. The specific project objectivesare:• to provide a framework for a livelihood-oriented designand analysis of organic cotton production projects;• to generate profound data and knowledge on the agronomicperformance and the socio-economic impact oforganic cotton cultivation on farm households in theMaikaal project, Central India, compared to the prevailingconventional production system; and• to explore ways of utilising the potential of organic cottonfarming as a development option for smallholders.As the field work and data collection for the research projectwere already completed in 2005, the main tasks in 2006 wereto finalise data processing, to write the thesis and to publishthe results in a scientific journal. Uma Rani, who had collaboratedin the field work on the adoption analysis, visitedNADEL for three months in order to join in the interpretationof the qualitative results. The results were presentedin a NIDECO colloquium, a course contribution on “Gatheringinformation in development cooperation” at NADEL and in alecture on “Sustainable development: Foundations andapproaches from a socio-economic perspective” at theUniversity of Berne.2003 2004Gross margins from organic and conventional (Conv.) cotton fields in 2003 and 2004(Indian Rupees per hectare). The percentages in the upper sections of the barsindicate the deviation from mean income of conventional cotton fields (*p < 0.05).In order to make the results known among organisations,policy-makers and businesses working on cotton anddevelopment, the thesis was published as a book(www.vdf.ethz.ch/loadAllFrames.asp?showArtDetail=3111).After having completed his doctoral degree, Frank Eyhornjoined Helvetas (Swiss Association for InternationalCooperation) where he is in charge of the Organic CottonCompetence Centre and of organic cotton projects in Mali,Burkina Faso and Senegal.47

Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Research fellowAtti Tchabi, University of BaselSupervisorsAndres Wiemken, Fritz Oehl,University of Basel /Danny Coyne, IITA, NigeriaCollaboratorsFabien Hountondji, IITA, Benin /Paul Mäder, FiBL, Frick /Robert Asiedu, IITA, NigeriaDurationSeptember 2004 – August 2007Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) fromthe “yam belt” for improved yam growth and reducedyam nematodes infestation in West AfricaYam tubers harvested from yam plantlets (plants) of tropical Dioscoreacayenensis uninoculated (control, above) and inoculated (Ben 10, below) with theindigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus etunicatum.Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is the most important tuber crop in termsof area coverage in West Africa, particularly in Benin and Togo.Alarmingly, over the last years, the annual yam production perhectare has been decreasing considerably due to a loss of soilfertility and nematode damage. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) isthe most widely occurring symbiosis with higher plants. AMfungi play a major role in plant nutrient assimilation, plantwaterrelations and may provide resistance againstpathogens. This project aims to explore indigenous AM fungiand assessing their effect on yam growth and yam nematodecontrol. About 60 different AM fungal species of almost allknown AM fungal genera, so far described, were detected. Itwas generally found that species diversity decreased withincreasing land use intensity. Roots of Dioscorea spp. showedhigh mycorrhization potential; about 30 different AM fungalspecies formed spores on yam as host plant in “trap cultures”.The most common species recovered were Glomus etunicatumand Acaulospora scrobiculata. In a first experiment, singlespore-derivedG. etunicatum isolates from Benin, other tropicalareas (India and Bolivia), and some “exotic” isolates fromCentral Europe have been assessed in the greenhouse for theirimpact on yam growth using yam tissue culture plantlets.All isolates from tropical areas significantly improved yamtuber weight when compared to the non-mycorrhizalcontrols. Remarkably, the most beneficial were the indigenousisolates of G. etunicatum. These will also be testedalong with other AM fungal isolates recently cultured fromthe West African “yam belt”. In a final experiment, we willscreen these isolates for their potential to suppress theharmful nematodes Scutellonema bradys and Meloidogyneincognita during yam growth.48

Research fellow (Post-doc)David Odongo, ILRI, KenyaSupervisorsClaudia Daubenberger, STI, Basel /Richard Bishop, ILRI, KenyaCollaboratorsGerd Pluschke, STI, Basel /Rinaldo E. Zurbriggen, Pevion Biotech /Evans Taracha, ILRI, KenyaDurationSeptember 2004 – August 2006Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Development of a second generation anti-tick vaccineusing a mimotope-virosome approachThis project pursued a novel approach to synthetic vaccinedesign and delivery by using a virosome strategy with theaim of improving TickGARD, an existing commercial anti-tickvaccine. TickGARD vaccine protects cattle against Boophilusmicroplus and B. decoloratus tick infestation. These ticks are amajor veterinary problem affecting cattle health, causingeconomic losses due to the diseases they transmit and highcosts of control.We identified four immuno-dominant peptide regions representingimmuno-dominant epitopes and recognised by serain TickGARD vaccination. Extended versions of these syntheticpeptide candidates (mimotopes) were synthesised andcoupled to virosomes and their performance was evaluated.These mimotopes produced high tick-gut-binding antibodiesin mice evidenced by immuno-histochemical staining of tickgutsections. One mouse was used to generate a hybridomacell line for monoclonal antibodies binding to tick-gut cellsexpressing the native protein.We determined immunogenicity of the mimotope-virosomeconstructs in cattle. Antibody and cellular immune responsesagainst both the synthetic peptides and the virosomeswere not detected in vaccinated cattle suggesting thatimmunisation was unsuccessful and that virosomes maynot be suitable as antigen delivery system for antigens incattle. However, a group of cattle immunised with theC-terminal end (where three of the immuno-dominantepitopes were located) of the recombinant protein yieldedhigh antibody titres after the second inoculation, and weresubsequently challenged with B. decoloratus ticks. The meanEngorged B. decoloratus adult female ticks are harvested and incubated in order toassess their survival and egg-laying capacity in an anti-tick vaccine experimentweight per individual engorged female tick and meanweight of eggs laid per surviving female adult were significantlyreduced in ticks fed on immunised animals relative tothose fed on control calves.Strategic partnerships with academic and research institutionswere established during the duration of this project.Collectively, these partnerships provide crucial expertise forvaccine development, open future capacity building opportunitiesand will considerably strengthen the capacity ofthe academic institutions to conduct research in tropicalanimal health.49

Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Research fellow (Post-doc)Changhu Wang, CIAT, ColombiaSupervisorsZaida Lentini, CIAT, Colombia /Peng Zhang, ETH ZurichCollaboratorsHernán Ceballos, Zaida Lentini,CIAT, ColombiaDurationJanuary 2005 – December 2007Development of an protocol for the productionof cassava doubled haploids and its use in breedingThis project aims to develop a protocol for the production ofdoubled-haploids from anther or microspore cultures incassava. The thick and auto-fluorescent exine walls of cassavamicrospores hinder the use of fluorescence staining fordevelopmental stage examination and subsequent cell divisionmonitoring. A histological study was conducted on themicrosporogenesis, generating useful knowledge for theidentification of the most responsive microspore stage forandrogenesis, i.e. the late uninucleate to early binucleatestage as revealed in most model systems. The processes ofmicrosporogenesis and the sporopollenin deposition in theexine were analysed using electron microscopy. The microsporesat the late uninucleate to early binucleate stage incassava are characterised by (i) an oppressed significantlyreduced cytoplasm, harbouring the nucleus/nuclei with oneor two nucleoli, (ii) one or several large vacuoles, accountingfor more than 95 % of the cell in volume, and (iii) welldevelopedexine walls with strong auto-fluorescence. InHMC-1 and TAI-8 cassava clones, this stage of microspore iscontained in flower buds of 2.5 – 2.6 mm in diameter,collected from field-grown plants during the rainy season.Different treatments were tested to induce microspore division, the first step for standardisation and development of areproducible haploid technology. Some microsporesincreased their volume about fourfold (enlarged microspore,EM) compared to “uninduced” microspores. EM is usuallyassociated with the acquisition of embryogenic potential inmodel systems. Optimal treatments reproducibly induced20 % of EM in the culture. In some cases, multi-cellular structures,embryo-like structures and microcalli were observedindicating more advanced structures than EM.Two students participated in the project in 2006, GodwinAmenorpe, a cassava breeder from the Ghana AtomicCommission, and Zhu Wenli from CATAS, South ChinaUniversity for Tropical Agriculture.Detail of a microspore at the late uninucleate to early binucleate stage, showingthe vacuole (V), nucleus (N), nucleolis (arrow) and exine (E)50

Research fellowRicardo Oliva,CIP, Quito, EcuadorSupervisorsCesare Gessler, IPW, ETH Zurich /Gregory Forbes, CIP, Lima, PeruCollaboratorWilbert Flier,PRI, Wageningen, The NetherlandsDurationJanuary 2005 – January 2008Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Exotic strains of Phytophthora infestans in the Andes –Genetically isolated curiosities ortime bombs for native Solanaceous crops?The plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans sensu lato, thecause of the disease known as late blight, is an importantthreat for Solanum-dependent farmers in the Andean highlands.In Ecuador, late blight can severely affect productionof different cultivated Solanum species including potato(S. tuberosum), tomato (S. lycopersicum), tomato tree(S. betaceum), naranjilla (S. quitoense) and pear melon(S. muricatum). In addition to crop species, several wild relativesare also attacked by strains of the pathogen population.The aim of this project is to better understand the complexrelationship between different groups within the pathogenpopulation and the hosts they attack.During this period we have focused on the possibility thatthe pathogen co-evolves with Solanum hosts in the Andeanhighlands. The initial approach was to increase pathogensampling, to develop a marker-based pathogen phylogenyand then to compare this with a published host phylogeny.Overall, the two phylogenies were congruent, and the congruencybetween them appeared consistent with a model ofhost tracking co-evolution. There were, however, severalexceptional cases that could be explained by host jumping.These data suggest that pathogen populations might beancestral and support the hypothesis of an Andean origin forat least part of the pathogen population. These resultsincrease our knowledge of Phytophthora infestans sensu lato,which can facilitate efforts to develop sustainable diseasecontrol strategies for Solanum crops in the region.Cesare Gessler looking for Phytophthora infestans lesion in a potato field in thehighlands of EcuadorSolanum juglandifolium, one of the new hosts of Phytophthora infestans (inset)found in the highlands of Ecuador51

Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Research fellowSajad Bukobero, IUED GenevaSupervisorsMarc Hufty, IUED, Geneva /Jean-Pierre Sorg, ETH ZurichCollaboratorsBruce Campbell,CIFOR, Indonesia /Bruno Ramamonjisoa,ESSA, MadagascarDurationMay 2005 – May 2008Social practices and conservation policies:Enhancing livelihoods throughsustainable forest management in MadagascarThe objective of this project is to develop a pro-poor strategyaimed at enhancing rural livelihoods through a more effectiveand sustainable use of forests.The strategy will be based on a clear understanding of localpractices and people-forest interactions. Surveys were carriedout by way of participant observation, interviews, groupdiscussions, and transects to assess (i) factors influencinglocal practices, (ii) rules of the game (institutions, norms andrules), and (iii) the impact of devolution on livelihoods as wellas on the factors and rules as above.The pernicious effect of devolution: Since the introduction of devolution,cashew nuts are no longer allowed to ripen; they now are cooked as stew.Conservation and livelihood strategies in forest areas reciprocallypresent synergies and trade-offs. However, trade-offsare most often observed in tropical countries, especially inbiodiversity “hotspots” such as Madagascar. Various approacheshave been tried to curb increasing deforestation,yet with limited success. As of the late 1990s, Madagascanpolicy-makers enacted a law related to devolution* of naturalresources which was implemented from then onwards.Despite the change in governance of formerly state-managedforests, livelihoods did not improve nor do they presenta rosy future as things stand at present in our study siteslocated in Mahajanga and Moramanga.The results achieved so far show that devolution altered theperception and resulted in unexpected outcomes. The production-to-consumptionsystems of forest products havedrastically changed and the former control over forestlandand trees is moving from inside the forest outward, turninginto a bottleneck on processed forest products and extendingto other livelihood assets. Devolution clearly increases thetraditional social differentiation; hence, it magnifies thedependence of the poor and powerless on the landownersand moneylenders.In conclusion, there is a poor match between the intendedbenefits and the real impact of devolution. The processshould move its centre of gravity from inside the forest outwardto encompass a wider social section.The surveys are now focused on perceptions and forestpeopleinteractions.52* “Devolution” is defined here as the transfer of rights and responsibilities over natural resources from the state to user groups at the local level.

Research fellowMarkus Schneider, EPFLSupervisorsIan W. Marison, EPFL /Tolly S. A. Mbwette, University ofDar-es-Salaam, TanzaniaCollaboratorsJamidu H. Y. Katima, UDSM, Tanzania /Peter Lüthy, ETH Zurich / Ahmed Hassanali,ICIPE, Kenya / Sixtus Kayombo,Harishchandra B. Pratap, UDSM, TanzaniaDurationOctober 2005 – September 2008Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Drinking water treatment in Tanzania using seed extractsfrom the pan-tropical tree Moringa oleiferaThe Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)has undertaken considerable efforts to improve the extractiontechniques for distinct water-clarifying proteins fromthe press-cake of oil-bearing M. oleifera seeds. The droughttoleranttree M. oleifera is naturalised throughout the aridand semi-arid tropics and has been increasingly cultivated insmall- to medium-scale agroforestry systems in Tanzania.The main objective of the present project in Tanzania istherefore to evaluate M. oleifera seed protein extracts as apotential substitute to imported inorganic coagulants extensivelyused in water treatment processes.The specific research objectives are:(i) to evaluate the effectiveness of the seed protein extractsaccording to international (WHO) water quality standards;(ii) to provide a risk assessment of the seed protein extractsfor the water treatment;(iii) to assess the impact of the M. oleifera provenance sourcefound in Tanzania on the final quality of the seed proteinextracts.Conventional water treatment processes in tropical developingcountries depend substantially on imports of inorganiccoagulants. A locally available and producible bio-coagulantfor water treatment therefore may be of threefold socio-economicvalue:• On a rural village level: The promotion of M. oleifera as anew cash crop particularly in the arid and semi-arid tropics,which are among the poorest regions in the world.• On an urban industrial level: The various productsderived from mature seeds may create employmentopportunities.• On a national level: Dependency on imports of inorganiccoagulants may be reduced.Unlike for inorganic coagulants, there are no apparentenvironmental concerns for 100% bio-degradableM. oleifera seed extracts.A major part of research is carried out at the University ofDar-es-Salaam (USDM) in Tanzania. Both laboratory testingand consecutive trials in a containerised water treatmentplant are employed for the thorough assessment of theseed extracts.Moringa oleifera in an inter-cropped plantation with cowpea53

Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Research fellowsLanto Herilala Andriambelo, ESSA, Madagascar /Clémence Dirac, ETH ZurichSupervisorsJean-Pierre Sorg, ETH Zurich / A. Buttler, EPFL /G. Rajoelison, ESSA, MadagascarCollaboratorsR. Solomampionona, CFPF, Morondava, Madagascar /B. Campbell, CIFOR, Indonesia / S. Razanaka, CNRE,Antananarivo, Madagascar / R. Steppacher, IUED, Geneva, /L. Rakotomalala, SAHA Menabe, Morondava, Madagascar /E. Hertz, Univ. de NeuchâtelDurationNovember 2005 – October 2008Enhancing the livelihood of the local population ina biodiversity hotspot in Madagascar: Scientific bases fora participatory forest landscape managementThe overall aim of this project is to set up scientific bases fora multifunctional and sustainable management of a forestlandscape in Central Menabe, Madagascar. Following thisgoal, the specific objectives are (i) to assess the role of forestproducts and local knowledge about forest and tree managementin the livelihood strategies, (ii) to determine productionpotential and regeneration capacity of the mostimportant forest products that support livelihoods, and (iii)to deduce potentialities and constraints for sustainablemanagement of the forest landscape.Preparatory work concluded with one paper accepted forpublication. Field work for this project started in March 2006.The project benefits from a multidisciplinary research group(students, supervisors and collaborators from social and naturalsciences) that allows the exchange of scientific informationabout participative and biological methods of datacollection.After the presentation of the project to collaborators, villagersand other local associations involved in the humanforestinterface, socio-demographic data were gathered inthe six main villages surrounding the Kirindy forest (a placewell-known to researchers interested in dense dry tropicalforests) with the aim of selecting five of the six villages asresearch sites. However, as the conditions for forest use andpopulation pressure on forests differ in each village, all sixvillages were kept as research sites.After the selection of the research sites, data concerning differentaspects of the human-forest interface (markets, agricultureand livestock, wood and non-wood products used byvillagers, payments for ecological services) were collected.Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews, questionnaires,scoring exercises and mapping.The objectives for the second project year will consist ofanalyses and a second period of field work.Students conducting informal interviews while sharing coconuts with villagers54

Research fellowValéry Kouamé Hgaza KouasiSupervisorE. Frossard, ETH ZurichCollaboratorLucien Diby, CSRS, Côte d’Ivoire /Jan Jansa, ETH ZurichDurationDecember 2005 – December 2008Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Understanding yam (Dioscorea spp.)response to fertiliser applicationWe hypothesise that the variability of yam (Dioscorea spp.)responses to fertiliser application could be related to an inefficientuptake of nutrients derived from the fertiliser due to alimited root density. Field experiments were conducted inCentral Côte d’Ivoire in 2006 with the aim of describing rootgrowth. Dioscorea alata cv TDa 95/00010 was used as a plantmodel and grown in a savannah site with and without fertiliserinput. Root growth was assessed by measuring RootLength Density (RLD) and Root Mass Density (RMD) at 0 – 15cm (H1) and at 15 – 30 cm (H2) on the hill and at the top15 cm of the soil profile in the interrow (H3) at 76, 104, 130,166 and 190 days after planting (DAP).Results obtained showed that at H1, RLD increased steadilywith time and reached a plateau at 166 DAP. At H2, RLD andRMD reached a peak at the tuber initiation (104 DAP) andthen decreased until the end of the plant growth. In theinterrow (H3), RLD increased sharply during the tuber growthbetween 104 – 166 DAP. At H1 and H3, the RMD increasedsharply, reached a peak during the tuber bulking (166 DAP)and then decreased. This result suggests a successive growthof adventitious roots and tuber roots during the plantgrowth that was confirmed by visual observations. The top15 cm of the soil profile in the hill and in the interrow was themost important zone of root growth. Roots in the interrowprobably came from the tuber. RMD and RLD were low indepth (H2). RMD and RLD measurements were completed byA student gathering data with a porometer, measuring the degree of opening ofstomata located on the surface of yam leaves, to assess how leaf cutting (sourcesuppression) or the restriction of tuber growth (sink limitation) could affect thegas exchange between the leaf and the atmosphere.horizontal and vertical root maps to give better descriptionof root growth in the yam crop.Unfertilised plants produced more roots than fertilised onesin H1. These data show that plant root distribution is affectedby the addition of fertiliser and therefore do not supportour hypothesis.55

Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Research fellow (Post-doc)Walter Okello Ogutu, CABI Africa, KenyaSupervisorsHeinz Mueller-Schaerer,University of Fribourg /Peter J. Edwards, ETH ZurichCollaboratorsMeshack Nyabenge, World AgroforestryCentre, Kenya / Roger Day, JohnMauremootoo, CABI Africa, Kenya /Urs Schaffner, CABI Europe, DelémontDurationJanuary 2006 – December 2007Prosopis in arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya –A case of ecological meltdown?another with sweet pods, “karat” and no thorns, and the lastwith many flowers, bitter pods and widespread. Awarenessof the pathway of spread (mainly goats and runoff) is veryhigh (> 80 %). Most scientists and local administrators considerProsopis as a resource that can improve livelihoods inthe area, the local people on the other hand have conflictingviews with 30 % considering it as useful while 70 % calling forits complete eradication. Although there are few arthropodsand microorganisms on Prosopis, trees attacked by a cerambycidbeetle are characterised by sap stains, entry holes ontrunks and dieback. Field observations and preliminary GISand remote sensing data indicate that the spread of Prosopisis limited to some of the introduction sites and tends to followwaterways and goats’ grazing trails.Stem of Prosopis tree showing tunnels created by hardwood stem borerThe objective of this project is to determine the spread andthe species diversity of Prosopis and to quantify the associatedbiodiversity.The research approach consists of• A literature review on the introduction, mapping, molecularand biodiversity studies on Prosopis;• Assessing the knowledge and perception of key informantson Prosopis using questionnaires;• Testing different GIS and remote sensing techniques fordistinguishing Prosopis; and• Characterising Prosopis introduction sites and developingprotocols for assessing biodiversity.Several studies have been conducted on Prosopis in othercountries which can be adapted in Kenya. Knowledge ofintroduced species is very poor (< 10 %) but the local people56 can recognise three types, one with pods and no thorns,In conclusion, the introduction of Prosopis in Kenya was donewithout background information and education of the localcommunities and administrators. The level of spread is lowbut intense in the few affected areas. Sharing the knowledgethat goats and runoffs are the key pathway for the spread ofProsopis can be used as a basis to develop managementstrategies including regulated grazing to reduce its continuedspread.In memory of Walter Ogutu, (1970 – 2007)We will always keep Walter in our memory. Walter wasdoing so well. He was always eager to learn somethingnew, making the most out of his stay in Switzerland toadvance his research.On the few occasions we took a day off, he would lookfor gifts for his wife and children.He was building so many bridges, between Africa andEurope, between his rural community and Nairobi,and between the many researchers involved in themanagement of Prosopis in Africa and worldwide, toname only a few.Now he has left us over the bridge back to God, much toearly for all of us. We will always keep him in our memoryand may his family be assured: He was such a sunshine.Heinz Müller-Schärer

Research fellowApollin Fotso Kuate, IITA CameroonSupervisorsPeter Nagel, University of Basel /Rachid Hanna, IITA, BeninCollaboratorsMaurice Tindo, IITA, Cameroon /Georg Goergen, IITA, BeninDurationNovember 2006 – October 2009Research Fellow Partnership Programme (RFPP)Options for controlling African root and tuber scaleon cassava in Central Africa – Understanding theecology of the associated ant Anoplolepis tenellaAnoplolepis tenella is an afro-tropical ground-dwelling antspecies with widespread distribution in the forest zones ofCentral Africa, where it is largely found in association withthe African Root and Tuber Scale (ARTS) Stictococcus vayssiereiRichard, an emerging pest of cassava in Central Africa. Amajor effort is presently underway to identify factors thataffect the abundance of ARTS, and to develop sustainablepractices for its management on cassava and other affectedfood crops. While the nature of the interactions betweenA. tenella and ARTS is not well-understood, present evidencesupports the hypothesis that the scale needs the ant toremove its honeydew secretions, otherwise the scale woulddrown in its own secretions; and most likely to move crawlerswithin and between plants. As ARTS cannot survive withoutA. tenella, management options that disrupt scale-ant associationwould be most effective in controlling damagingscale populations. Such efforts, however, require solidand sufficient understanding of the biology and ecology ofA. tenella and its impact on ARTS life cycle and ecology.We will first determine the effect of habitat characteristics(e.g., vegetation, temperature, humidity, rainfall, co-occurringant diversity, abundance of ARTS and other ant-tendedhomopteran insects) on patterns of A. tenella distributionand abundance in Southern Cameroon, where ARTS distributionis well known. Secondly, we will determine the level andnature of interactions between A. tenella and co-occurringant species, assess their impact on ARTS development andsurvivorship, and conduct farmer-participatory trials toevaluate the effects of ant exclusion on ARTS abundance anddamage severity on cassava. In a third component, we willdetermine the role of A. tenella workers and queens in ARTSdispersal.Findings from this project will feed into IITA’s cassava, IPM andbiodiversity projects, and the biogeography programmes ofthe University of Basel, with the broad aim of developing sustainablepractices to reduce ARTS infestation on cassava, anddocumenting and conserving biodiversity in Central Africa.Cassava cutting infested with Stictococcus vayssierei57

Research Fellow Partnership ProgrammeResearch fellowPeter Njoroge Njau,University of ZurichSupervisorsBeat Keller, University of Zurich /Ravi P. Singh, CIMMYT, MexicoCollaboratorMacharia Gethi, Kenya AgriculturalResearch Institute (KARI), KenyaDurationJanuary 2007 – December 2009Comprehensive analysis and initial exploitationof resistance to wheat stem rust race Ug99A young crop in the nursery showing the layout of the experiment: Note the twodouble rows and the spreader row planted perpendicular to the plotsA stem rust-infested plot at a trial site in Njoro, Kenya with rapidly growing pustuleson the stems and leavesThis study aims at identifying new sources of resistance tothe new race of stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici) Ug99and initial reconstruction of the Sr2 complex gene for durableresistance using molecular techniques. One hundred linesselected from international screening nurseries in 2005 and2006 were planted in Njoro, Kenya, in 1 m double-row plots.To facilitate inoculum build-up and uniform disseminationwithin the nursery, a continuous row of stem rust spreaderwas planted perpendicular to all entries in the nursery. Theresults show that the levels of resistance ranged from TR to20MR 1 . We have very good lines showing adult plant resistance.There are those with pseudo black chaff characteristicsof Sr2. Also some synthetics and advanced lines whereChinese cultivars are used as parents were identified to beresistant. The Avocet/Pavon mapping population wasinitially developed for the evaluation of slow-rusting leaf rustand yellow rust resistance in Pavon 76. Pavon 76 is also knownto be carrying the Sr2 complex. It was found appropriate touse this F5 derived F6 populations to (i) estimate the numberof minor genes that constitute the Sr2 complex, and (ii) identifyQTLs for these genes. A population of 285 recombinantinbred lines (RIL) was planted in Njoro in 1 m double-rowplots with a spreader row as described earlier. Initial resultsshow that there could be three minor genes operating inPavon 76. In 2007/08, we will do the final screening of the 100lines in the field in Njoro and finalise the analysis of the parentsfor the genetic studies. In 2007/08, the selected parentswill be planted in CIMMYT Mexico for the development of themapping population. The same parents will be planted inNjoro for the initiation of the transfer of resistant genes tothe Kenyan commercial varieties. A third field evaluation ofthe Avocet/Pavon population will be carried out in Njorowhile more screening of the international materials will bedone to identify any new sources of resistance.581 TR means traces of the disease, while 20MR stands for 20 % disease severity and crop reaction to the disease, i. e. it was moderately resistant (MR)

Research fellow (Post-doc)Christine Flury, SHL Zollikofen,SupervisorsStefan Rieder, SHL Zollikofen /Olivier Hanotte, ILRI, Kenya /Henner Simianer,University of Goettingen, GermanyCollaboratorMiika Tapio, ILRI, KenyaDurationFebruary 2007 – January 2009Research Fellow Partnership ProgrammeMarker-based estimation of effective population size:Application to the conservation ofindigenous African cattle populationsDemographic information is often lacking for livestockbreeds of the developing world. Therefore, effective populationsize – a major criterion to assess the degree of breedendangerment – cannot be calculated. However, basic populationinformation is crucial for priority-setting in livestockconservation and thereby for the sustainable managementof local breeds. In this project, a molecular method for theefficient estimation of effective population size is proposed.We will be using the information from molecular markers.be a powerful tool for the estimation of effective populationsize of local cattle breeds. If found to be positive, the newmethod would permit the efficient accumulation of basicinformation on animal genetic resources in developing countries,which is still lacking.The investigation of the new method is the subject of aresearch partnership between the Swiss College forAgriculture, Zollikofen, Switzerland, the InternationalLivestock Research Institute, ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya, and theInstitute of Animal Breeding and Genetics of the Universityof Goettingen, Germany. The partnership is expected tocontribute profound knowledge regarding animal breedingin developing countries, molecular genetics and conservationof animal genetic resources.The first meeting was held at the end of April 2007 inNairobi. The research plan, the capacities and the next stepswere discussed. Back in Switzerland, the research fellow conducteda detailed literature analysis and started to investigatethe properties of the approach with computer simulations.Meanwhile the properties of the molecular markerswere analysed at ILRI.As a direct outcome, the optimum sampling /genotypingscheme and the further course of action will be defined. DNAsamples from two African taurine cattle breeds have beenprovided by ILRI. These samples will be genotyped at ILRI,starting in the last quarter of 2007. The results from thegenotypings will be analysed in Switzerland. These analysesare expected to reveal whether the proposed method wouldN’Dama herd in Guinea –Samples from animals of this population will be analysed59

Research Fellow Partnership ProgrammeResearch fellow (Post-doc)Marco D’Alessandro,University of NeuchâtelSupervisorTed Turlings, University of NeuchâtelCollaboratorsGeorg von Mérey,University of Neuchâtel, /Kevin Pixley, Silverio Garcia, CIMMYT,Mexico / Jörg Degenhardt, JonathanGershenzon, Max Planck Institute forChemical Ecology, Jena, GermanyDurationMay 2007 – May 2009Exploiting scents of distress:Making maize plants more attractive to beneficial insectsnatural indirect defence mechanisms. When plants areattacked by insect herbivores they respond by emitting specificvolatiles that are highly attractive to the natural enemiesof the herbivores, such as predators and parasitic wasps, butwhich also induce defence mechanisms in nearby plants. Inmaize, there is exceedingly high variability in the quantitiesand qualities of induced volatile emissions between varietiesand this is also reflected in varying attractiveness to parasitoids.In previous work we were able to isolate a part of thetotal volatile blend that is extremely attractive to a key parasitoidin the laboratory.The entomology team at the CIMMYT station in Agua Fria near Poza Rica,State of Veracruz, Mexico (second from left: Georg von Mérey; third from right:Marco D’Alessandro)The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) is one of the most destructive insectpests of maize in the Americas, where it causes severe economiclosses to farmers. In Mexico, this pest is commonlycontrolled with synthetic insecticides, which pose hazards tothe environment and humans. Moreover, resistance has beenobserved and many small-scale farmers, whose existencestrongly depends on a yearly-granted maize yield, might notbe able to cope with an increasing need for insecticides. Thus,biological control of the fall armyworm is considered a highlydesirable alternative, especially in countries such asMexico, where the use of genetically-modified crops is currentlynot possible.We are currently applying this highly attractive blend inmaize fields in Mexico to demonstrate that the attractivenessof maize plants to beneficial insects can be enhanced.We will also compare the attractiveness of varieties thatshow differential amounts of attractive compounds andfinally we will identify the essential genes involved in theirproduction. Our close collaboration with molecular biologistsat the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena andwith maize breeders of CIMMYT in Mexico should allow us toprovide the basis for the development of an ecologicallysound and sustainable fall armyworm control strategy.The aim of our project is to improve biological control inmaize against the fall armyworm by exploiting the plant’s60

Research fellow (Post-doc)Martin Jemo, ETH ZurichSupervisorsEmmanuel Frossard, Jan Jansa, IPW,ETH ZurichCollaboratorsFritz Oehl, University of Basel,Switzerland / Robert Abaidoo, IITA,Nigeria / Dieudonné Nwaga, Universityof Yaoundé 1, Cameroon / Jean Kuate,Institute of Agricultural Researchfor Development, CameroonDurationJune 2007 – May 2009Research Fellow Partnership ProgrammeCan changes in the community structure of arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi contribute to explain the rapid yield decreaseof crops following forest clearance in Southern Cameroon?The proposed project is focused on a specific land use systemsequence found in the humid forest zone of SouthernCameroon*. In this system, the major obstacle for sustainablecrop production is that yields are generally low and dramaticallydecline after a few cycles of cultivation following forestclearance. Traditionally, the sustainability of this systemrelies on combining long fallows and specific cropping systems,where nutrient demands of crops are covered throughweathering, biological nitrogen fixation and plant residuedecomposition. This assumes an important role for soilmicrobial communities during both the fallow as well as theproductive phase. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), symbiontsof a large majority of terrestrial plants, belong to thisgroup of soil microorganisms and play an important role inthe uptake of nutrients such as phosphorus by plants fromthe soil, thus contributing to the crop yields especially undernutrient-limiting conditions. Furthermore, these fungi have amultitude of other functions in the plant-soil continuumsuch as affecting disease and pathogen tolerance of theplants, and alleviation of plant abiotic stresses (e.g. droughtand aluminium toxicity). However, the question whetherAMF community deterioration after forest clearance contributesto explain the rapid yield decrease in recently clearedfields in the humid tropics has not yet been investigated. Thegoals of this project are to (i) monitor crop development andnutrition, physico-chemical soil properties and mycorrhizalcommunities during four crop cycles following forest clearancein the benchmark site in Southern Cameroon, (ii) assessthe benefits of AMF communities present in soils under secondaryforests, in Chromolaena odorata fallow, and incropped fields on the growth and nutrition of maize, (iii) separatethe members of the AMF community present in soilsunder secondary forests, and test their compatibility withand benefits to maize, and (iv) to propose managementstrategies utilising the potential of mycorrhizal symbiosis forcrop production on soils with widespread N and P deficiencyas well as Al toxicity. Field experiments are presently beingestablished at the village of Metet where the relationshipsbetween the composition and activity of AMF communitiesand yields of maize will be investigated. Treatments include:Phosphorus (P) fertiliser application (TSP, 30 kg P/ha), thefungicide Benomyl (50 kg/ha), the combination of P andBenomyl application and a control treatment.a b cField experimental sites were cleared and prepared for sowing in Metet during theSummer of 2007 with (a) secondary forest site, (b) Chromolaena fallow, and (c)cropped field.*A (secondary) forest is slashed and burned and mixed-crop fields with groundnuts, maize, soybean, plantain, cassava and other crops are established. After several croppingseasons, the land is subjected to herbaceous fallow (mostly dominated by Chromolaena odorata). The land is cultivated again after a few seasons and this cycle is repeated2–3 times. Then the yields are so low that the land is abandoned for 10–30 years, allowing the establishment of secondary forest through natural succession.61

Seed MoneySeed Money Projects 2003–2007Submitted Title Applicants / International Outcome /Department / Partner(s) Follow-upSeed Money, phase IV2003 Improved productivity of small ruminants M. Kreuzer, ICARDA / ICRAF RFPP proposalin dry areas (Preparation of RFPP proposal) H.-D. Hess, INW declined;predecessorproposal toZIL project,phase V (p. 38)2003 Improved feeding systems for smallholder dairy A. Kolff, PASOLAC / Livestock- Accepted ascattle with emphasis on dry season feeding and its Intercooperation keepers’ associations / ZIL project,effect on milk quality (Preparation of ZIL proposal) Central American Univ. / phase IV (p. 33)Parmalat / INTA2003 Animal source foods and nutrition during early life: L. Davidsson, ILW ILRI Accepted asAn evaluation of the possible link between livestock-ZIL project,keeping and nutritional status of young children phase IV (p. 40)(6–18 months) in resource-poor areas(Preparation of ZIL proposal)2003 Implementation and further development of F. Escher, CSRS Abidjan, Report on implemethodologiesfor quality evaluation of fresh and J. Brunnschweiler, Côte d’Ivoire mentation ofprocessed yam in West Africa ILW research results2004 Interface of subsistence farming and market B. Lehmann, IAW CSRS Abidjan Accepted asintegration in livestock systems in Côte d’Ivoire ZIL project,Côte d’Ivoire (Revision of ZIL proposal) phase IV (p. 41)2004 Realising the benefits of neglected tropical or E. Frossard, IPW Partners from Chile, EU INCO-DEVsubtropical legumes: Improving rural livelihoods France, Cuba, Mexico, proposal;through intensification and diversification of Argentina, Colombia, recommendedcrop-livestock systems of Latin America Brazil and Germany for resubmission(Preparation of EU INCO-DEV proposal)2004 Evaluation and improvement of waxy maize from P. Stamp, IPW Partners from Vietnam, EU INCO-DEVSoutheastern Asia Thailand, Laos / CIAT, Asia / proposal;(Preparation of EU INCO-DEV proposal) CIRAD, France / University rejectedof Bologna, Italy2004 Partnership development with CIP on “Strategies C. Binder, D-UWIS CIP, Ecuador / Project proposalfor optimising the use of pesticides” (Exploration of UNIBOYACA, Colombia / accepted forcollaboration and preparation of project proposal) Syngenta, Switzerland funding byand ColombiaSyngenta, ongoing62

Seed MoneySubmitted Title Applicants / International Outcome /Department Partner(s) Follow-up2005 The inoculum of the cassava product attiéké: C. Lacroix, CSRS Abidjan, Contribution toMicrobiological diversity, impact on quality and Z. Farah, ILW Côte d’Ivoire ETH doctoralsafety and development of a controlled fermentationdissertationprocess (Preparation of ETH project)2005 Realising the benefits of underutilised legumes: E. Frossard, IPW Partners from Chile, EU INCO-DEVImproving and diversifying production and enhancing France, Cuba, Mexico, proposal; finallysoil quality in semiarid regions of Latin America Argentina, Colombia, rejected after(Revision of EU INCO-DEV proposal) Brazil and Germany resubmissionSmall projects, phase IV2005 Analysis of the potential contribution of B. Lehmann, IAW CSRS Abidjan Expanded activitiesimprovements in the livestock production system to Côte d’Ivoire of ZIL project (p. 41)better livelihood of small farmers’ households(Upgrade of ZIL project)2005 Potential of tree legumes and food-feed crops for M. Kreuzer, INW Nat. Veterinary Publications;improving ruminant productivity in African Institute, Ethiopia / doctoral candidatesmallholdings (Support for doctoral candidate) ILRI / IAEA resigned2005 Coastal forest resources affected by the Asian K. Seeland, Asian Institute of Publications;tsunami – From disaster alleviation to D-UWIS Technology AIT, Bangkok / project proposalssustainable resource management Asian Disaster Preparedness submitted to(Exploration of collaboration and preparation Centre ADPC, Bangkok / various donorsof project proposals)University of Peradenyia,Sri LankaSeed Money, phase V2006 Socioeconomic analysis of concentrate feed-based B. Lehmann, IAW INW, ETH Zurich / ongoingand export-orientated meat productionUniversity of Beijing,(pork and poultry) in China (Exploration ofChina / CGIAR Partnercollaboration and preparation of project proposal)to be identified2006 Promoting rural development in the Andes by M. Kreuzer, UNCAD / CIP, Peru Partial fundinginvestigation of the variability in Maca A. Mayer, INW from Swissgenetics(Lepidium meyenii Walp) composition andeffects on semen quality of breeding bulls(Preparation of KTI proposal)2006 Private agricultural standards and their implications B. Lehmann, IAW IFPRI / ongoingon smallholder livelihoods in developing countries: Coop Switzerland /Case studies from the EurepGAP standardEurepGAP(Preparation of project proposal)63

Other international projects of ZIL membersProjects at the ETH Zurich related to agriculture,food and nutrition, and forestry in developing countriesAnimal Sciences (INW)Impact of natural and human-induced disasters on livestockproduction, including Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR) andHIV/AIDSProject leader:Project partner:Supervisor:Funding sources:Michael R. GoeFAO, ItalyGerald StranzingerVelux Foundation / ETH ZurichDisaster risk management and livestock in urban planningProject leader:Project partner:Supervisor:Funding sources:Michael R. GoeMassachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT), USAGerald StranzingerVelux Foundation / ETH ZurichDevelopment and use of rumen molecular techniques forpredicting and enhancing livestock productivityProject leaders: Michael Kreuzer, Hans-Dieter Hess, CarlaSoliva (Research Agreement Holders)Project partners: N.H. Ozdemir, Turkey / K. Joblin, New Zealand /R. Mackie, USA / M. Mitsumori, Japan /D.N. Kamra, India / C.J. Newbold, UK /J.-X. Liu, R.J. Long, China / A.L. Abdalla, Brazil /D. C. Delgado Fernandez, Cuba / R. BarahonaRosales, Colombia / A.B. Zeleke, Ethiopia /C. Wachirapakorn, ThailandSupervisor: Michael KreuzerCollaborator: H.M.P. Makkar, IAEAFunding source: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),AustriaProject type: Co-ordinated Research Project of IAEACharacterisation of the value and utilisation of forage plantson tropical wood pastures: The case of the Bolivian Chacoand SubandinoProject leader: Andrea C. MayerProject partners: Eidgenössisches Institut für Schnee undLawinenforschung (SLF) /Universidad Católica de Bolivia /Herbario Nacional de BoliviaSupervisor: Michael KreuzerCollaborators: S. Marquardt / H. Alzérreca / S. Beck /C. Vacaflores / M. MendozaFunding source: Velux FoundationProject type: Doctoral dissertationInvestigation of the anti-methanogenic potential of foliagefrom African multipurpose trees used as supplementsto improve livestock productivityProject leader: Carla R. SolivaProject partners: National Veterinary Institute of Ethiopia /International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI), EthiopiaSupervisor: Michael KreuzerCollaborator: A.B. ZelekeFunding sources: NIDECO /International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),AustriaProject type: Doctoral dissertationFood Science and Human Nutrition (ILW)Identification of iron-rich varieties of common beans(Phaseolus vulgaris) for iron biofortificationProject leader:Project partner:Supervisor:Collaborator:Funding source:Project type:Ines EgliHarvestPlusRichard HurrellNicolai PetryHarvestPlusResearch projectContent and bioavailability of phytoferritin-bound iron inmajor food staplesProject leader: Thomas WalczykSupervisor: Richard HurrellCollaborator: Matthias HopplerFunding source: ETH ZurichProject type: Doctoral dissertationDual fortification of saltProject leader:Project partner:Supervisor:Collaborator:Funding source:Project type:Iron fortification of riceProject leader:Project partner:Supervisor:Collaborator:Funding source:Project type:Michael ZimmermannSt. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, IndiaRichard HurrellMaria AnderssonMicronutrient InitiativeDoctoral dissertationMichael ZimmermannSt. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, IndiaRichard HurrellDiego MorettiMicronutrient InitiativeDoctoral dissertation64

Other international projects of ZIL membersOvercoming technical and practical barriers to food fortificationby microencapsulation of iron, iodine and vitamin AProject leader:Project partner:Supervisor:Collaborators:Funding source:Project type:Plant Sciences (IPW)Michael ZimmermannCSRS, Abidjan, Côte d’IvoireRichard HurrellFabian Rohner, Ralf BiebingerMedicorDoctoral dissertationEco-hydrological significance of fog in the EasternSierra Madre, Central Veracruz, MexicoProject leader:Project partners:Funding source:L. A. Bruijnzeel, VU Amsterdam, The NetherlandsWerner Eugster / Friso Holwerda, VUAmsterdam, The NetherlandsWotro, The NetherlandsSustainable cactus moth management: Dispersal and SITProject leader: Silvia DornProject partners: K. Bloem, USDA-ARS, USA / NAPPO / IAEA /Government of MexicoSupervisor: Silvia DornCollaborator: Mark SarvaryFunding sources: USDA-ARS / NAPPO / IAEASustainable codling moth management: Mobility and SITProject leader:Project partners:Supervisors:Project type:Silvia DornSIT Facilities in Argentina and BrazilMarc Vreysen, FAO / IAEA, Vienna, AustriaResearch projectComposition and function of mycorrhizal communities asaffected by fallowing in Southern CameroonProject leader:Project partner:Supervisors:Collaborator:Funding source:Project type:Martin JemoIITAE. Frossard / J. JansaR. Abaidoo, IITANIDECO, ETH ZurichPost-doc trainingFunctional significance of tree diversity for nutrient dynamics ina tropical plantationProject leaders:Project partners:Supervisors:Collaborators:Funding source:Project type:Michael Scherer-Lorenzen / Jan JansaSTRI Panama / Mc Gill University, CanadaJ. Jansa / M. Scherer-LorenzenE. Frossard / N. Buchmann / B. Turner, STRI,Panama / C. Potvin, Mc Gill University, CanadaSwiss National Science FoundationDoctoral dissertationComposition and dynamics of bacterial phosphorus inphosphorus deficient soilsProject leaders: Emmanuel Frossard / Else Bünemann /Astrid Oberson DräyerProject partners: University of Norway, Aas / African Networkfor Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (AfNet)Supervisors: E. Bünemann / A. Oberson Dräyer / E. FrossardCollaborators: L. Bakken, University of Norway /A. Bationo (AfNet)Funding source: Group of Plant Nutrition, ETH ZurichProject type: Doctoral dissertationCombination of traditional waxy maize with QPM maize for ahealthy nutrition of Asian hill tribesProject leader:Project partner:Supervisors:Collaborator:Funding source:Project type:Drought impact on grain set in maizeProject leader:Project partner:Supervisors:Collaborator:Funding source:Project type:Peter StampLe Huy HamIngrid Aulinger-Leipner / Rainer MessmerNgoc Chi DangInternal fundsDoctoral dissertationPeter StampSansern JampatongIngrid Aulinger-Leipner / Rainer MessmerQuanjai RupitakInternal fundsDoctoral dissertationEnvironmental Sciences (D-UWIS)ORECH-LES: Biodiversity and sustainable management ofKyrgyzstan’s walnut-fruit forests. Development of newsilvicultural approachesProject leaders: Jean-Pierre Sorg /Bronislav Ivanovitch VenglovskyProject partners: Groupe de foresterie pour le développement,ETH Zurich / Forest Research Institute Bishkek /Academy of Agriculture, Kyrgyzstan /KIRFOR / IntercooperationCollaborators: Davlet M. Mamadjanov / Damir SakbaevFunding sources: Various sourcesProject type: Applied researchAménagement et gestion de grands espaces forestiers en zonesèche à MadagascarProject leaders: Jean-Pierre Sorg /Gabrielle RajoelisonProject partners: Groupe de foresterie pour le développement,ETH Zurich / Ecole Supérieure des SciencesAgronomiques Antananarivo, Madagascar /Centre de Formation ProfessionnelleForestière, MadagascarFunding sources: Various sourcesProject type: Applied researchDeterminants and effects of alternative institutions fornatural resource management in developing countriesProject leader:Collaborators:Funding source:Project type:Stefanie EngelCIFOR / IWMI / various universitiesRobert Bosch StiftungJunior research groupCivil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering(D-BAUG)Topomap updating with high-resolution satellite imagesProject leader: Armin GrünProject partners: Diverse government agencies in BhutanCollaborators: Clive Fraser, University of Melbourne /Shunji Murai, JICA /JAXA TokyoFunding sources: IGP / ETH Zurich / University of Melbourne65

Teaching activities related to developing countriesTeaching activities at the ETH Zurichrelated to agriculture in developing countriesTitle of Key Type of % related to Responsibleteaching unit words teaching unit dev. countries person(s)Agricultural Economics and Environmental Decisions (IED)Advanced topics in environmental Environmental policy, sustainability, Lecture 30 % S. Engeland resource economicsecosystem services,nature conservation, forest managementInternational competition and Agri-food systems, performance on Lecture 30 % B. Lehmannlocal outcomethe markets, multinational firmsagriculture in developing countriesConcepts and perspectives Sustainability, Lecture 20 % S. Engelof sustainable development sustainable development, C. PohleconomicsBachelor Seminar Sustainable natural resource management, Lecture 20 % S. EngelAnthroposphäre payments for environmental services, K. SeelanddecentralisationAnimal Sciences (INW)Sustainable livestock production Smallholder livestock production systems Lecture 100 % M. R. Goein non-European countriesAnimal nutrition in the tropics Tropics, animal nutrition, feed resources Block course 100 % K. SamarasingheC. WenkSystems for sustainable Tropical livestock systems, environment, Seminar 90 % M. Kreuzerlivestock production sustainability, development W. Langhans(Systeme zur nachhaltigenC. WenkErzeugung tierischer Produkte)G. StranzingerRuminant science Tropical ruminant systems, secondary Lecture 15 % M. Kreuzerplant constituents, tropical plantsM. SennM. SchneebergerC. Soliva, P. VoegeliAnimal nutrition and environment Secondary plant constituents, Lecture 10 % M. Kreuzer(Tierernährung und Ökologie) tropical plants C. Wenk, C. SolivaFood Science and Nutrition (ILW)Nutrition in Food security, health indicators, Lecture 100 % I. Eglideveloping countriesmalnutrition with special focus onchildhood malnutrition, infectiousdiseases, micronutrient deficiencies,Millennium Development Goals66Human nutrition Micronutrients, food nutrition, Lecture 10 % R. Hurrellnutrition of different populationgroups, diet and health

Teaching activities related to developing countriesTitle of Key Type of % related to Responsibleteaching unit words teaching unit dev. countries person(s)Plant Sciences (IPW)Ökologische und ökonomische Soil degradation and rehabilitation of Lecture 100 % E. FrossardProblemfelder der Entwicklungs- soil fertility in tropical environments A. Oberson Dräyerländer IIPlant protection in the tropics: Subsistence agriculture and Lecture 100 % S. DornEntomology cash crops K. ModyGrassland systems Forage production, grazing, Lecture 80 % N. Buchmanndegradation, sustainabilityBio-geochemistry and Nutrient cycling, sustainable Lecture 50 % N. Buchmannsustainable management managementBiodiversity and ecosystem Tropical biodiversity, provision and status Lecture/seminar 30 % N. Buchmanngoods and services of ecosystem services, impact of M. Schererenvironmentand management onLorenzenbiodiversity, international policiesSeminar in applied entomology Food chain legumes Seminar 20 % S. DornCarbon mitigation Joint implementation, carbon management Lecture/seminar 20 % N. BuchmannRecent advances in Insect-plant interactions, herbivory Seminar 20 % S. Dornapplied entomologyCrops and cropping systems Tropical crops Lecture 18 % R. SangakkaraP. StampPlant ecophysiology and Resource use and ecophysiology Lecture 15% N. Buchmannyield physiology of plants in general M. Scherer-LorenzenCrop science Tropical crops Lecture 10 % R. SangakkaraP. StampEnvironmental Sciences (D-UWIS)Internationale Waldwirtschaft Silviculture, forest management Seminar 80 % J.-P. Sorgexamples from Swiss developmentR. Felbercooperation,forest multi-functionality,from forests to forest landscapesWeltforstwirtschaft l Forest types, silviculture and forest Lecture 70 % J.-P. Sorgmanagement, wood production and tradeEconomics and planning in Markets, ecosystem services Lecture 50 % T. Koellnernature conservationT. CochErd- und Produktionssysteme Global significance of trees and forests, Lecture 50 % J.-P. Sorgforest cover and distribution, reasons forchanges in forest cover, multi-functionality,production systemsInterdisciplinaryErnährungssicherung in Food security, development scenarios, Seminar 100 % B. BeckerEntwicklungsländern und resource management, biotechnology U. Eggertropische LandwirtschaftC. Sautter67

Development-related thesesSupervision of theses and practical workrelated to agriculture in developing countriesSupervisor Candidate Title of thesis Key words Study type CountryAgricultural Economics and Environmental Decisions (IED)B. Lehmann Hermann Daisy Analyse de la performance de la Market integration, Doctoral Côte d’IvoireN’nhon Comoe filière bétail/viande et lait local SCP analysis dissertationen Côte d’IvoireB. Lehmann Barbara Eiselen Smallholder farms in the Semester Sri LankaM. Sonnevelt Meegahakiyula region in Sri Lanka: studyDescription of their current situationand their development potential froman internal and external perspectiveS. Engel Tobias Wünscher Spatial targeting of payments for Payments for environmental Doctoral Costa Ricaenvironmental services in Costa Rica – services, efficiency dissertationA site selection tool fornature conservationincreasing conservation benefitsS. Engel Bhagirath Behera Determinants of sustainable Community-based natural Doctoral Indiamanagement of natural resources: resource management, dissertationThe case of joint forestdevolution, participationmanagement (JFM) in IndiaAnimal Sciences (INW)M. Kreuzer Aschalew Investigation on the anti-methano- Trees, multipurpose trees, Doctoral EthiopiaBekele Zeleke genic potential of foliage from African methane, rumen dissertationmultipurpose trees used as supple- physiology, rumenments to improve livestock production microbes, methanogensM. Kreuzer Svenja Marquardt Characterisation of the value and Wood pasture, Doctoral Boliviautilisation of forage plants on transhumance, dissertationtropical wood pastures: The case of dry season, foragethe Bolivian Chaco and SubandinoC. Lascano / Laila Christina Evaluación in vivo e in vitro Tannins, tree legumes, Master ColombiaT. Tiemann Bernal Bechara del efecto de taninos asociados en rumen fermentation, thesisPaspalum notatum, Vignamilk production, methane,unguiculatum y Calliandra callothyrsus RUSITEC, forage conservationen bovinos de lecheJ. Carulla / Javier Cortés Efecto de diferentes niveles de inclusión Tannins, tree legumes, Master ColombiaT. Tiemann Cortés de leguminosas taníferas y no taníferas rumen fermentation, thesisa Brachiaria dyctioneura sobre la protein digestiondegradación de la MS, la MO, la proteínay la liberación de amonio68

Development-related thesesSupervisor Candidate Title of thesis Key words Study type CountryF. Rodríguez / Claudia Patricia Monitoreo de las poblaciones del eco- Tannins, tree legumes, Master ColombiaT. Tiemann Sanabria Galindo sistema ruminal en ovinos alimenta- rumen microbes thesisdos con dietas variables en el contenidode taninos por PCR en tiempo realH.-D. Hess Lina Maria Suplementación con leguminosas Tannins, tree legumes, Master ColombiaMonsalve Castro mixtas para aumentar la fermentación supplementation, nitrogen, thesisruminal, el flujo de proteina duodenal rumen fermentation,y la absorción de nitrógeno en ovejas sheepH.-R. Wettstein/ Tony Effect of diet type on the composition Milk fat, fatty acids, Peru, Diploma PeruC. Gómez / Aufdermauer of milk and milk fat of of indigenous altitude, Criollo cattle thesisK. Bartl and Brown-Swiss cows kept ataltitude in PeruA. Mayer / Hélène Bouillot Effects of different grazing intensities Forage, trees, shrubs, cattle, Diploma BoliviaS. Marquardt on selected shrub and tree species in Bolivia thesissub-Andean wood pasture systems ofBolivia (in German)C. Clément / Nicole Locher Screening of maca ecotypes, review of Maca, fertility, Diploma PeruA. Mayer potential standardisation procedures, high altitude, cattle, Peru thesisand testing of maca to be used asfertility enhancer in breeding bullsC. Gómez / Miriam Garcia Effect of diet type on the composition Milk fat, fatty acids, Peru, Diploma PeruJ. Gamarra / of milk and milk fat of Criollo Criollo cattle thesisK. Bartl and Brown-Swiss cows in PeruC. Gómez / Hector Llantoy Yield and nutrient composition of Forage, altitude, Peru, Diploma PeruJ. Gamarra / selected annual forage species in dry season thesisK. Bartl two communities in the centralhighlands of PeruC. Gómez / Elias Muños Characterisation of the milk Milk production system, Diploma PeruJ. Gamarra / production system in four communities Peru, supplementation thesisK. Bartl in the central highlands of PeruC. Gómez / Alfredo Puell Yield and nutrient composition of Forage, altitude, ryegrass, Diploma PeruJ. Gamarra / selected perennial forage species in phalaris, Peru thesisK. Bartl two communities in thethe central highlands of PeruC. Gómez / Maria Zambrano Characterisation of the dry season Dry season, Diploma PeruJ. Gamarra / season feeding system for dairy cattle supplementation, hay, silage, thesisK. Bartl in two Peruvian communities and milk production, altitudedetermination of the effect ofsupplementation with hay or silageon milk production and compositionC. Gómez / Miriam Garcia Effect of diet type on the composition Milk fat, fatty acids, Peru, Diploma PeruJ. Gamarra / of milk and milk fat of Criollo Criollo cattle thesisK. Bartl and Brown-Swiss cows in PeruH.-D. Hess Rahel Kilchsperger Milk quality in the tropics: Milk quality, tropical Semester BrazilEvaluation of influencing factors milk production, production thesisand milk quality in Brazilsystems, dairy cowsFood science and nutrition (ILW)R. Hurrell Fabian Rohner Iron fortification and parasite control Doctoral Côte d’Ivoireto reduce anaemia amongdissertationschoolchildren in Côte d’IvoireR. Hurrell Diego Moretti Iron fortification of rice: Doctoral IndiaA potential strategy todissertationcounteract iron deficiency69

Development-related thesesSupervisor Candidate Title of thesis Key words Study type CountryR. Hurrell Maria Andersson Efficacy trial of dual fortified Doctoral Indiasalt in Southern IndiadissertationM. Zimmer- Fabian Räber Does riboflavin deficiency influence Diploma Indiamann the response to iron fortification thesisin rural Southern India?L. Meile / Sabine Kastner The cassava product attiéké: Cassava fermentation, Doctoral Côte d’IvoireC. Lacroix Microbiological diversity, impact on plant food processing, food dissertationquality and safety and development quality and safety, attiékéof a controlled fermentation processL. Meile / Stephan Analysis of the predominant Starter cultures, spontaneous Doctoral MaliC. Lacroix Wullschleger microorganisms of spontaneously milk fermentation, dissertationfermented milk (fèné) in Malisour-milk, food safetyon small- or home-scale level anddevelopment of adapted starter culturesZ. Farah / Christoph The content of cyanids in cassava Cassava fermentation, Doctoral Côte d’IvoireC. Lacroix Heuberger and its product attiéké toxic glycosides, attiéké dissertation70Plant Sciences (IPW)N. Buchmann / Carolin Grob Komplementäre Stickstoff-Nutzung Biodiversity, resource use, Diploma PanamaM. Scherer- tropischer Bäume: Entwicklung und tropical trees, Panama, thesisLorenzen und Optimierung von 15 N- agroforestryMarkierungsmethodenM. Schmidt / Thomas Seitlinger Phosphorus in the soil of a Tree diversity, topography, Diploma PanamaE. Bünemann / tropical forest plantation Panama, soil pools thesisJ. Jansa /F. ZeuginS. Dorn / Martina Keller Eiablagestrategien eines Beans, biological control BachelorA. Rott wichtigen Parasitoiden vonKäfern in gelagerten BohnenS. Dorn / Marina Stadler Einfluss der Wirtsqualität des Beans, biological control SemesterA. Rott Bohnenkäfers auf den Parasitierungs- studyerfolg von Dinarmus basalisE. Frossard Martina Alig Sustainability on farm level: Diploma Côte d’IvoireA case study in the village ofthesisBringakro, Côte d’IvoireE. Frossard Alain Gubler Field evaluation of methods for Diploma Syriawinter wheat in Northern SyriathesisE. Frossard Noel Schweizer Significance of root exudation Diploma Colombiafor the adaptation of Brachiariathesisgrasses to low P soilsE. Frossard / Georg Dällenbach Diversified cassava agro-ecosystems Doctoral ColombiaM. Finck for ecologically sound crop production dissertationin the Andean hillsidesE. Frossard / Bruno Aeschbacher Evaluation of methodological basis for Symbiotic N 2 fixation, Semester NicaraguaA. Oberson natural abundance technique: The 15 N legumes, nitrogen studyDräyer /natural abundance signals in differentS. Douxchamps / compartments and spatial variabilityA. Schmidt

Development-related thesesSupervisor Candidate Title of thesis Key words Study type CountryJ. Jansa / Fabienne Zeugin Functional significance of tree Tree diversity, tropical Doctoral PanamaM. Scherer- diversity for nutrient dynamics in a plantation, mycorrhiza, dissertationLorenzen tropical plantation nitrogen and phosphorusuptakeE. Bünemann / Knut Ehlers Composition and dynamics of bacterial Phosphorus, bacterial Doctoral KenyaA Oberson Dräyer / phosphorus in phosphorus deficient soil phophorus in soil, dissertationE. Frossard phosphorus deficiencyP. Stamp Simon Gasser Agronomic evaluation of model Gliricidia, green manure, Semester Sri Lankasmallholder farms in Sri Lanka, soil fertility studyreversing soil degradationby tropical legume treesEnvironmental Sciences (D-UWIS)J.-P. Sorg / G. L. Rajoelison Les forêts littorales de la région Rainforests, human-forest Habilitation MadagascarD. Raveloson orientale de Madagascar: vestiges interface, Madagascarà conserver et à valoriserJ.-P. Sorg / Davlet K. Investigation and selection of Silviculture, selection, Doctoral KyrgyzstanB.I. Venglovsky Mamadjanov promising varieties and forms of provenances, afforestation, dissertationEuropean walnut for the purpose walnut-fruit forests,of plantation in the walnut-fruit Kyrgyzstanforest area of Southern KyrgyzstanB. Lehmann / Isabelle L’importance des produits forestiers Non-timber forest products, Doctoral EcuadorJ.-P. Sorg / Gambetta non ligneux pour les communautés forest management, dissertationR. Steppacher villageoises des environs de la man-forest interface,cordillère Huacamayos, province Ecuadorde Tena, Amazonie équatorienneC. Rajeriarson / Michel Simon Régionalisation de l’utilisation Regionalistic approach, Doctoral MadagascarM. H. Faramalala / Nambena des ressources naturelles à partir du modelling, cartography, dissertationJ. S. Razanaka / cas de Beforona agroforestry, forest policy,M. Ramavovololona / landscape management,J.-P. SorgMadagascarG. Rajoelison / Voahiraniaina Rôle et importance des formations Degraded forests, Doctoral MadagascarJ.-P. Sorg Razafintsalama secondaires dans l’aménagement man-forest interface, dissertationdes espaces forestiers.forested landscape,Cas du Menabe centralmultifunctionality,MadagascarM.R. Mohsen Estimation of optimum and Sustainable soil management Doctoral IranMosaddeghi / Morshedizad limiting soil water contents for in arid agro-ecosystems, dissertationA.A. Mahboubi / tillage in selected Hamadan soils conservation andR. Schulin regeneration of soil structureR.W. Scholz / Joachim Sell Decision-making of market actors Ecosystem services, tropical Doctoral SwitzerlandT. Koellner / in the context of ecosystem forests, decision-making, dissertation Costa RicaO. Weber / services from tropical forestry – market actors IndonesiaW. Proctor / Criteria, preferences, andL. Pedroni expected benefitsR. W. Scholz / Raffaele Vignola, Hydrological ecosystem services Ecosystem services, Doctoral LatinT. Koellner CATIE, Costa Rica and belief systems of policy-makers tropical forests, agriculture, dissertation Americahydrology71

PublicationsPublications72Refereed journal publicationsZIL funded projectsAfyuni, M., Rezaeinejad, Y., Schulin, R., 2006: Extractability and plantuptake of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd from a sludge-amended haplargid incentral Iran. Arid Land Research and Management 20: 29 – 41.Akbergenov, R., Si-Ammour, A., Blevins, T., Amin, I., Kutter, C.,Vanderschuren, H., Zhang, P., Gruissem, W., Meins, F. Jr., Hohn, T.,Pooggin, M. M., 2006: Molecular characterization of geminivirusderivedsmall RNAs in different plant species. Nucleic AcidsResearch, 34(2): 462 – 471.Balvanera, P., Pfisterer, A. B., Buchmann, N., He, J., Nakashizuka, T.,Raffaelli, D., Schmid, B., 2006: Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning:A meta-analysis of experimental results. Ecology Letters, 9:1146 – 1156.Hess, H. D., Tiemann, T. T., Noto, F., Franzel, S., Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer,M., 2006: The effects of cultivation site on forage quality of Calliandracalothyrsus var. Patulul. Agroforestry Systems, 68: 209 – 220.Schmale, I., Wäckers, F. L., Cardona, S., Dorn, S., 2006: Biological controlof the bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Co.:Bruchidae), by the native parasitoid Dinarmus basalis (Rondani)(Hym.: Pteromalidae) on small-scale farms in Colombia. Journal ofStored Products Research, 42: 31 – 41.Stupak, M., Vanderschuren, H., Gruissem, W., Zhang, P., 2006:Biotechnological approaches to cassava protein improvement.Trends in Food Science and Technology, 17: 634 – 641.Vanderschuren, H., Akbergenov, R., Pooggin, M., Hohn, T., Gruissem,W., Zhang, P., 2007: Transgenic cassava resistance to African cassavamosaic virus is enhanced by viral DNA-A bidirectional promoter-derivedsiRNAs. Plant Molecular Biology, 64: 549 – 557.Vanderschuren, H., Stupak, M., Fütterer, J., Gruissem, W., Zhang, P.,2007: Engineering resistance to geminiviruses – Review and perspectives.Plant Biotechnology Journal, 5: 207 – 220.Velten, G., Rott, A. S., Cardona, C. Dorn, S., 2007: The inhibitoryeffect of the natural seed storage protein arcelin on the developmentof Acanthoscelides obtectus. Journal of Stored ProductsResearch, 43: 550 – 557.RFPP projectsAbang, M., Baum, M., Ceccarelli, S., Grando, S., Linde, C., Yahyaoui,A., Zhan, J., McDonald, B., 2006: Differential selection onRhynchosporium secalis during parasitic and saprophytic phases inthe barley scald disease cycle. Phytopathology, 96 (11): 1214 – 1222.Chacón, G., Adler, N. E., Jarrin, F., Flier, W. G., Gessler, C., Forbes, G. A.,2006: Genetic structure of the population of Phytophthora infestansattacking Solanum ochranthum in the highlands of Ecuador.European Journal of Plant Pathology, 115 (2): 235 – 245.Dirac, C., Andriambelo, L., Sorg, J.-P., 2006: Scientific bases for a participatoryforest landscape management: A new research projectin Central Menabe. Madagascar Conservation and Development,(1): 51 – 53.Eyhorn, F., 2007: The viability of cotton-based organic farming systemsin India. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 5: 25 – 38.Hankoua, B. B., Taylor, N. J., Ng, S. Y. C., Fawole, I., Puonti-Kaerlas, J.,Padmanabhan, C., Yadav, J. S., Fauquet, C. M., Dixon, A. G. O.,Fondong V. N., 2006: Production of the first transgenic cassava inAfrica via direct shoot organogenesis from friable embryogeniccalli and germination of maturing somatic embryos. AfricanJournal of Biotechnology, 5 (19): 1700 – 1712.Hansmann, R., Koellner, T., Scholz, R. W., 2006: Influence of consumers’socio-ecological and economic orientations on preferencesfor wood products with sustainability labels. Forest Policyand Economics, 8: 239 – 250.Koellner, T., Schmitz, O., 2006: Biodiversity, ecosystem function,and mitigation of investment risk. BioScience, 56: 977 – 985.Koellner, T., Scholz, R. W., 2007: Assessment of land use impacts onthe natural environment. Part 1: An analytical framework for pureland occupation and land use change. International Journal of LCA,12: 16 – 32.Koellner, T., Scholz, R.W., 2007: Assessment of land use impacts onthe natural environment. Part 2: Generic characterisation factorsfor local species diversity in Central Europe. International Journal ofLCA, http://www.scientificjournals.com/sj/lca/Abstract/ArtikelId/9165Koellner, T., Suh, S., Weber, O., Moser, C., Scholz, R. W., 2007: Do conventionaland sustainability funds differ in their environmentalimpact? – A comparison by means of Input-Output Life CycleAssessment. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 11: 41 – 60.Odongo, D., Kamau, L., Skilton, R., Mwaura, S., Nitsch, C., Musoke, A.,Taracha, E., Daubenberger, C., Bishop, R., 2007: Vaccination of cattlewith TickGARD induces cross-reactive antibodies binding toconserved linear peptides of Bm86 homologues in Boophilus decoloratus.Vaccine, 25: 1287 – 1296.Ogutu, W. O., Mauremootoo, J. R., 2006: Prosopis in Kenya:Acquiring the knowledge for informed management. BiocontrolNews and Information, 27 (2): 35 – 37.Oliva, R. F., Chacón, M. G., Cooke, D. E. L., Lees, A. K., Forbes, G. A.,2007: Is Phytophthora infestans a good taxonomist? Host recognitionand co-evolution in the Phytophthora/Solanum interaction.Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 745: 465 – 471.Sell, J., Koellner, T., Weber, O., Pedroni, L., Scholz, R. W., 2006:Decision criteria of European and Latin American market actors fortropical forestry projects providing environmental services.Ecological Economics, 58: 17 – 36.Sell, J., Koellner, T., Weber, O., Pedroni, L., Proctor, W., Scholz, R. W. (2007).Ecosystem services from tropical forestry projects – The choice of internationalmarket actors. Forest Policy and Economics, 9: 496 – 515.Würtenberger, L., Koellner, T., Binder, C. R., 2006: Virtual land useand agricultural trade: Estimating environmental and socio-economicimpacts. Ecological Economics, 57: 679 – 697.Zundel, C., Hanna, R., Scheidegger, U., Nagel, P., 2007: Living at thethreshold: Where does the neotropical phytoseiid mite Typhlodromalusaripo survive the dry season? Experimental and AppliedAcarology, 44: 11 – 26.

PublicationsOther international projects (non ZIL funded)Assanvo, J. B., Agbo, G. N., Behi, Y. E.N., Coulin, P., Farah, Z., 2006:Microflora of traditional starter made from cassava for “attiéké”production in Dabou (Côte d’Ivoire). Food Control, 17: 37 – 41.Barnard, R.L., Salmon, Y., Kodama, N., Sörgel, K., Rost, J., Rennenberg,H., Gessler, A., Buchmann, N., 2007: Evaporative enrichment andtime-lags between ∂ 18 O of leaf water and organic pools in a pinestand. Plant, Cell and Environment, 30: 539 – 550.Behera, B., Engel, S., 2006: The four levels of institutional analysisof the evolution of joint forest management in India: A new institutionaleconomics approach. Special issue on: Community-basedforestry in the next decade: Towards an ‘agrarian’ approach?, ForestPolicy and Economics 8(4): 350 – 362.Biebinger, R., Arnold, M., Koss, M., Kloeckener-Gruissem, B.,Langhans, W., Hurrell, R., Zimmermann, M., 2006: Effect of concurrentvitamin A and iodine deficiencies on the pituitary thyroid axisin rats. Thyroid, 16 (10): 961 – 965.Bloem, S., Carpenter, J. E., Dorn, S., 2006: Mobility of mass-reareddiapaused and nondiapaused Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae): Effect of mating status and treatment with gammaradiation. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99: 699 – 706.Bloem, S., Carpenter, J. E., Dorn, S., 2006: Mobility of mass-reareddiapaused and nondiapaused Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae): Effect of different constant treatments and lengths ofcold storage. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99: 707 – 713.Bonfoh, B., Roth, C., Traoré, A. N., Fané, A., Simbé, C. F., Alfaroukh, I.O.,Nicolet, J., Farah, Z., Zinsstag, J., 2006: Effect of washing and disinfectingcontainers on the microbiological quality of fresh milk soldin Bamako (Mali). Food Control, 17: 153 – 161.Brunnschweiler, J., Mang, D., Farah, Z., Escher, F., Conde-Petit, B.,2006: Structure-texture relationships of fresh pastes preparedfrom different yam (Dioscorea spp.) varieties. LWT-Food Science andTechnology, 39: 762 – 769.Buchmann, N., 2006: Die Zukunft der Natur. Politische Ökologie, 99:46-48.Coulin, P., Farah, Z., Assanovo, J., Spillmann, H., Puhan, Z., 2006:Characterisation of the microflora of attiéké, a fermented cassavaproduct, during traditional small-scale preparation. InternationalJournal of Food Microbiology, 106: 131 – 136.Ekberg, A., Buchmann, N., Gleixner, G., 2007: Rhizospheric influenceon soil respiration and decomposition in a temperate Norwayspruce stand. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39: 2103 – 2110.Engel, S., Ibañez, A. M., 2007: Displacement due to violence inColombia: Determinants and effects at the household level.Economic Development and Cultural Change, 55(2): 335 – 366.Engel, S., Iskandarani, M., Useche, M. d. P., 2006: Household watersecurity in the Ghanaian Volta Basin: Why do people still not useimproved water sources? International Journal of River BasinManagement, 5(2): 1 – 6.Engel, S., López, R., Palmer, C., 2006: Community-industry contractingover natural resource use in a context of weak property rights:The case of Indonesia. Environmental and Resource Economics,33(1): 73 – 98.Engel, S., Palmer, C., 2006: Who owns the right? The determinantsof community benefits from logging in Indonesia. Special issue on:Community-based forestry in the next decade: Towards an ‘agrarian’approach?, Forest Policy and Economics 8(4): 434 – 446.Eugster, W., Burkard, R., Holwerda, F., Scatena, F. N., Bruijnzeel, L. A.S., 2006: Characteristics of fog and fogwater fluxes in a PuertoRican elfin cloud forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 139:288 – 306.Farah, Z., Mollet, M., Younan, M., Ragge, D., 2007: Camel dairy inSomalia: Limiting factors and development potential. LivestockScience, 110: 187 – 191.Ghazoul, J., 2007: Recognising the complexities of ecosystem managementand the ecosystem service concept. GAIA, 16 (3): 215 – 221.Göttlicher, S., Knohl, A., Wanek, W., Buchmann, N., Richter, A., 2006:Short-term changes in carbon isotope composition of soluble carbohydratesand starch: From canopy leaves to the root system.Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 20: 653 – 660.Granier, A., Reichstein, M., Bréda, N., Janssens, I. A., Falge, E., Ciais, P.,Grünwald, T., Aubinet, M., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Buchmann, N.,Facini, O., Grassi, G., Heinesch, B., Ilvesniemi, H., Keronen, P., Knohl,A., Köstner, B., Lagergren, F., Lindroth, A., Longdoz, B., Loustau, D.,Mateus, J., Montagnani, L., Nys, C., Moors, E., Papale, D., Peiffer, M.,Pilegaard, K., Pita, G., Pumpanen, J., Rambal, S., Rebmann, C.,Rodrigues, A., Seufert, G., Tenhunen, J., Vesala, T., Wang, Q., 2007:Evidence for soil water control on carbon and water dynamics inEuropean forests during the extremely dry year: 2003. AgriculturalForest Meteorology, 143: 123 – 145.Gu, H., Hughes, J., Dorn, S., 2006: Trade-off between mobility andfitness in Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). EcologicalEntomology, 31: 68 – 74.Hahn, V., Högberg, P., Buchmann, N., 2006: 14 C – A tool for separationof autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration. GlobalChange Biology, 12: 972 – 982.Holwerda, F., Burkard, R., Eugster, W., Scatena, F. N., Meesters, A. G.C. A., Bruijnzeel L. A., 2006: Estimating fog deposition at a PuertoRican elfin cloud forest site: Comparison of the water budget andeddy covariance methods. Hydrological Processes, 20: 2669 – 2692.Jaturasitha, S., Kamopas, S., Suppadit, T., Khiaosa-ard, R., Kreuzer,M., 2006: The effect of gender of finishing pigs slaughtered at 110kilograms on performance, and carcass and meat quality. ScienceAsia, 32: 297 – 305.Jaturasitha, S., Pichitpantapong, S., Leangwunta, V., Khiaosa-ard, R.,Suppadit, T., Kreuzer, M., 2006: Increasing the slaughter weight ofboars: Effects on performance and pork quality. Journal of AppliedAnimal Research, 30: 19 – 24.Kahmen, A., Renker, C., Unsicker, S., Buchmann, N., 2006: Nichecomplementarity for nitrogen use in grasslands – An explanationfor the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relationship ingrasslands? Ecology Letters, 87: 1244 – 1255.Kappeler, S., van den Brink, H., Rahbek-Nielsen, H., Farah, Z., Puhan,Z., Hansen, E. B., Johansen, H., 2006: Characterisation of recombinantcamel chymosin reveals superior properties for the coagulationof bovine and camel milk. Biochemical and BiophysicalResearch Communications, 342: 647 – 654.Korf, B., Engel, S., 2006: On the incentives of violence: Greed andpride in Sri Lanka’s civil war. South Asian Economic Journal, 7 (1):117 – 129.Li, S.-G., Asanuma, J., Kotani, A., Eugster, W., Davaa, G., Oyunbaatar,D., Sugita, M., 2006: Year-round measurements of net ecosystemCO 2 flux over a montane larch forest in Mongolia. Journal ofGeophysical Research, 110: D09303.73

PublicationsMathayya, S., Thankachan P., Zimmermann, M. B., Andersson, M.,Eilander, A., Misquith, D., Hurrell, R. F., Kurpat, A. V., 2007: Lowanaemia prevalence in school-aged children in Bangalore, SouthIndia: Possible effect of school health initiatives. European Journalof Clinical Nutrition, 61: 865 – 869.Mathimaran, N., Ruh, R., Jama, B., Verchot, L., Frossard, E., Jansa, J.,2006: Impact of agricultural management on arbuscular mycorrhizalfungal communities in Kenyan ferralsol. AgricultureEcosystem and the Environment, 119: 22 – 32.Moretti, D., Zimmermann, M., Muthayya, S., Thankachan, P., Lee, T.,Kurpad, A., Hurrell, R., 2006: Extruded rice fortified with micronisedground ferric pyrophosphate reduces iron deficiency in Indianschoolchildren: A double-blind randomised controlled trial.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84: 822 – 829.Moretti, D., Zimmermann, M., Wegmüller, R., Walczyk, T., Zeder, C.,Hurrell, R., 2006: Iron status and food matrix strongly affect therelative bioavailability of ferric pyrophosphate in humans.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 83: 632 – 638.Oelmann, Y., Kreutziger, Y., Temperton, V. M., Buchmann, N.,Roscher, C., Schumacher, J., Schulze, E. D., Weisser, W. W., Wilcke, W.,2007: Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets in experimental grasslandsof variable diversity. Journal of Environmental Quality, 36:396 – 407.Oelmann, Y., Wilcke, W., Temperton, V. M., Buchmann, N., Roscher,C., Schumacher, J., Schulze, E. D., Weisser, W. W., 2007: Soil andplant nitrogen pools as related to plant diversity in an experimentalgrassland. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 71: 720 – 729.Reichstein, M., Ciais, P., Papale, D., Valentini, R., Running, S., Viovy, N.,Cramer, W., Granier, A., Ogée, J., Allard, V., Aubinet, M., Bernhofer, C.,Buchmann, N., Carrara, A., Grünwald, T., Heimann, M., Heinesch, B.,Knohl, A., Kutsch, W., Loustau, D., Manca, G., Matteucci, G.,Miglietta, F., Ourcival, J., Pilegaard, K., Pumpanen, J., Rambal, S.,Schaphoff, S., Seufert, G., Soussana, J. F., Sanz, M. J., Vesala, T., Zhao,M., 2006: Reduction of ecosystem productivity and respiration duringthe European summer 2003 climate anomaly: A joint fluxtower, remote sensing and modeling analysis. Global ChangeBiology, 12: 1 – 18.Reichstein, M., Ciais, P., Papale, D., Valentini, R., Running, S., Viovy, N.,Cramer, W., Granier, A., Ogée, J., Allard, V., Aubinet, M., Bernhofer, C.,Buchmann, N., Carrara, A., Grünwald, T., Heimann, M., Heinesch, B.,Knohl, A., Kutsch, W., Loustau, D., Manca, G., Matteucci, G.,Miglietta, F., Ourcival, J. M., Pilegaard, K., Pumpanen, J., Rambal, S.,Schaphoff, S., Seufert, G., Soussana, J. F., Sanz, M. J., Vesala, T., Zhao,M., 2007: Reduction of ecosystem productivity and respiration duringthe European summer 2003 climate anomaly: A joint fluxtower, remote sensing and modeling analysis. Global ChangeBiology, 13 (3): 634 – 651.Rohner, F., Zimmermann, M. B., Wegmueller, R., Tschannen, A.,Hurrell, R. F., 2007: Mild riboflavin deficiency is highly prevalent inschool-age children but does not increase risk for anaemia in Côted’Ivoire. British Journal of Nutrition, 97: 970 – 976.Sangakkara, U. R., Stamp, P., 2006: Influence of different weed categorieson growth and yields of maize (Zea mays) grown in a minor(dry) season of the humid tropics. Journal of Plant Diseases andProtection, 113: 81 – 85.Sangakkara, U. R., Stamp P., 2006: Impact of selective weeding onmaize productivity in major and minor seasons – A comparativeanalysis from the Asian humid tropics. Journal of Plant Diseasesand Protection (Special Issue): 701 – 708.Sangakkara, U. R., Bandaranayake, P. R. S. D., Weerasekera, D. N. K.,Stamp, P., 2006: Interseasonal cropping – Its potential for managingweeds in the Asian tropics. Journal of Plant Diseases andProtection (Special Issue): 921 – 927.Sautter, C., Poletti, S., Zhang, P., Gruissem, W., 2006: Biofortificationof essential nutritional compounds and trace elements in rice andcassava. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 65: 153–159.Temperton, V. M., Mwangi, P. N., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B.,Buchmann, N., 2007: Positive interactions between nitrogen-fixinglegumes and four different neighbouring species in a biodiversityexperiment. Oecologia, 151 (2): 190–205.Tuntipopipat, S., Judprasong, K., Zeder, C., Wasantwisut, E.,Winichagoon, P., Charoenkiatkul, S., Hurrell, R., Walczyk, T., 2006:Chili, but not turmeric, inhibits iron absorption in young womenfrom an iron-fortified composite meal. Journal of Nutrition, 136:2970 – 2974.Unsicker, S. B., Baer, N., Kahmen, A., Wagner, M., Buchmann, N.,Weisser, W. W., 2006: Invertebrate herbivory along a gradient ofplant species diversity in extensively managed grasslands.Oecologia, 150 (2): 233 – 246.Wagner, M., Kahmen, A., Schlumprecht, H., Audorff, V., Perner, J.,Buchmann, N., Weisser, W. W., 2007: Prediction of herbage yield ingrasslands: How well do Ellenberg N-values perform? AppliedVegetation Science, 10: 15 – 24.Wegmüller, R., Camara, F., Zimmermann, M., Adou, P., Hurrell, R.,2006: Salt dual-fortified with iodine and micronised ground ferricpyrophosphate affects iron status but not hemoglobin in childrenin Cote d’Ivoire. Journal of Nutrition, 136: 1814 – 1820.Wegmüller, R., Zimmermann, M., Bühr, V., Windhab, E., Hurrell, R.,2006: Development, stability, and sensory testing of microcapsulescontaining iron, iodine and vitamin A for use in food fortification.Journal of Food Science, 71: 181 – 187.Wünscher, T., Engel, S., Wunder, S., 2006: Payments for environmentalservices in Costa Rica: Increasing efficiency through spatialdifferentiation. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture,45(4): 319 – 37.Zimmermann, M., Muthayya, S., Morett, D., Kurpad, A., Hurrell, R.,2006: Iron fortification reduces blood lead levels in children inBangalore, India. Pediatrics, 117: 1 – 8.Zimmermann, M., Biebinger, R., Rohner, F., Dib, A., Zeder, C., Hurrell,R., Chaouki, N., 2006: Vitamin A supplementation in children withpoor vitamin A and iron status increases erythropoietin and hemoglobinconcentrations without changing total body iron. AmericanJournal of Clinical Nutrition, 84: 560 – 566.Zimmermann, M., Connolly, K., Bozo, M., Bridson, J., Rohner, F.,Grimci, L., 2006: Iodine supplementation improves cognition iniodine-deficient school children in Albania: A randomised, controlled,double-blind study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,83: 108 – 114.74

PublicationsBook chapters and monographsZIL funded projectsBartl, K., Gómez, C., Gamarra, J., Hess, H. D., 2007: Potencial deespecies forrajeras locales y mejoradas para la alimentación deganado. Institute of Animal Science, ETH Zurich, and Universidadla Molina, Lima, Peru, 50 pp.Hess, H. D., Tiemann, T. T., Noto, F., Carulla, J. C., Kreuzer, M., 2006:Strategic use of tannins as a means to limit methane emissionsfrom ruminant livestock. In: Soliva, C. R., Takahashi, J., Kreuzer, M.,(eds.), Greenhouse Gases and Animal Agriculture: An Update,Elsevier, The Netherlands: 164 – 167.Hess, H. D., Tiemann, T. T., Stürm, C. D., Carulla, J. E., Lascano, C. E.,Kreuzer, M., 2006: Effects of tannins on ruminal degradation andexcretion pattern of N and implications for the potential N emissionfrom the manure. In: Soliva, C. R., Takahashi, J., Kreuzer, M.,(eds.), Greenhouse Gases and Animal Agriculture: An Update,Elsevier, The Netherlands: 339 – 342.Hess, H. D., Gómez, J., Lascano, C. E. (eds.), 2006: Segundo Taller.Taninos en la Nutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia. Vol. CIATPublicación No. 352, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical(CIAT), Cali, Colombia.Zeleke, A. B., Clément, C., Hess, H. D., Kreuzer, M., Soliva, C. R., 2006:Effect of foliage from multi-purpose trees and a leguminous cropresidue on methanogenesis and ruminal N use. In: Soliva, C. R.,Takahashi, J., Kreuzer, M., (eds.), Greenhouse Gases and AnimalAgriculture: An Update, Elsevier, The Netherlands: 168 – 171.Zimmermann, M. B., 2006: Iodine and the iodine deficiency disorders.In: Bowman, B. A., Russell, R. M., (eds.), Current Knowledge inNutrition, ILSI Press, Washington DC.RFPP projectsBernet, T., Thiele, G., Zschocke, T., (eds.), 2006: Participatory MarketChain Approach (PMCA) – User Guide. Papa Andina Initiative,International Potato Centre (CIP), Lima, Peru.Eyhorn, F., 2007: Organic Farming for Sustainable Livelihoods inDeveloping Countries? The Case of Cotton in India. vdfHochschulverlag AG, Zurich, Switzerland, 220 pp.Muttenzer, F., 2006: The folk conceptualization of property and forest-relatedgoing concerns in Madagascar. In: Benda-Beckmann, K.V., Benda-Beckmann, F., Wiber, M., (eds.), Changing Properties ofProperty, Berghahn Publishers, New York: 269 – 292.Muttenzer, F., 2006: Fiscalité, corruption et culture de l’état forestierà Madagascar. In: Froger, G., (ed.), La mondialisation contre ledéveloppement durable? PIE Peter Lang, Coll, Bruxelles, New York,Oxford: 235 – 256.Muttenzer, F., 2006: Le “droit en action” dans la politique malgacherelative aux paysages forestiers: une ineffectivité légitime de l’actionpublique? In: Le Roy, E., (ed.), Le droit en action, cahiers d’anthropologiedu droit 2006, Paris, Karthala: 49 – 74.Muttenzer, F., 2006: Normes, transactions et régimes dans la gestionenvironnementale: contribution à une méthodologie interdisciplinaireet réaliste. In: Charlier, J.-E., Moens, F., (eds.), Observer,décrire, interpréter: un état des méthodes en sciences sociales, Lyon,INRP: 35 – 48.Muttenzer F, 2006: L’exception malgache: communautarisme politiqueet gouvernance en Afrique postcoloniale. In: Hufty, M., FreireDormeier, A., Plagnat, P., Neumann, V., (eds.), Jeux de gouvernance.Regards et réflexions sur un concept. Collection DéveloppementS,Karthala/IUED.Sorg, J.-P., 2006: Orientations nouvelles de la recherche dans lazone des forêts denses sèches à Madagascar. In: Schwitzer, S. et al,(ed.), Proceedings of the German-Malagasy Research Cooperation inLife and Earth Sciences, Concept Verlag, Berlin 67 – 71.Other international projects (non ZIL funded)Bearth, T., Becker, B., Kappel, R., Krüger, G., Pfister, R. (eds.), 2007:Afrika im Wandel. vdf Hochschulverlag AG, Zurich, Switzerland, 296pp.Becker, B., 2007: Agrarwissenschaftliche Perspektiven zur Überwindungder Armut in Afrika. In: Bearth, T., Becker, B., Kappel, R.,Krüger, G., Pfister, R. (eds.), Afrika im Wandel, vdf HochschulverlagAG, Zurich: 111 – 122.Bulte, E., Engel, S., 2006: Conservation of tropical forests: Addressingmarket failure. In: López, R., Stiglitz, J., Toman, M., (eds.),Sustainable Development: New Options and Policies. OxfordUniversity Press, New York.Engel, S., Palmer, C., 2007: The role of decentralisation in integratingcross-sectoral demands on forests. In: Dubé, Y. C., Schmithüsen,F., (eds.), Cross-sectoral Policy Development in Forestry. CABI/OxfordUniversity Press.Frossard, E., Bünemann, E. K., Carsky, R., Compaoré, E., Diby, L.,Kouamé, V., Oberson, A., Taonda, S., 2007: Integrated nutrient managementas a tool to combat soil degradation in sub-SaharanAfrica. In: Bearth, T., Becker, B., Kappel, R., Krüger, G., Pfister, R. (eds.),Afrika im Wandel, vdf Hochschulverlag AG, Zurich: 137 – 146.Heffernan, C., Goe, M. R., 2006: The Impact of Disasters andEmergencies on Animal Genetic Resources. Background Study PaperNo. 32, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations(FAO), Rome, Italy, 49 pp.Kahmen, A., Buchmann, N., 2007: Addressing the functional valueof biodiversity for ecosystem functioning using stable isotopes. In:Dawson, T., Siegwolf, R. (eds.), Isotopes as Tracers of EcologicalChange. Elsevier, Chapter 12.Kappel, R., 2007: Ist Afrika zu arm, die Armut selbst zu überwinden?In: Bearth, T., Becker, B., Kappel, R., Krüger, G., Pfister, R.(eds.), Afrika im Wandel, vdf Hochschulverlag AG, Zurich: 95 – 109.Oberson, A., Bünemann, E. K., Friesen, D. K., Rao, I. M., Smithson, P.C., Turner, B. L., Frossard, E., 2006: Improving phosphorus fertility intropical soils through biological interventions. In: Uphoff, N. et al,(eds.), Biological approaches to sustainable soil systems, CRC Press,Boca Raton, Florida, USA: 531 – 546.Schubert, R., Schellnhuber, H.-J., Buchmann, N., Epiney, A.,Grießhammer, R., Kulessa, M., Messner, D., Rahmstorf, S., Schmid, J.,2006: Die Zukunft der Meere – zu warm, zu hoch, zu sauer. GermanAdvisory Council on Global Change WBGU, Sondergutachten: 114 pp.Turner, B. L., Frossard, E., Oberson, A., 2006: Enhancing phosphorusavailability in low-fertility soils. In: Uphoff, N. et al, (eds.), Biologicalapproaches to sustainable soil systems, CRC Press, Boca Raton,Florida, USA: 191 – 205.WBGU German Advisory Council on Global Change, 2007:Sicherheitsrisiko Klimawandel. Hauptgutachten. Springer-Verlag,250 pp.75

PublicationsVariaZIL funded projectsBartl, K., Aufdermauer, T., Gómez, C. A., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D.,Wettstein, H. R., 2007: Effect of diet type on milk yield and compositionof local and introduced cattle breeds kept at two altitudes inPeru. Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology, 16: 29.Bartl, K., Garcia, M., Gómez, C. A., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D., Wettstein,H. R., 2006: Milchleistung und Milchzusammensetzung vonlokalen und importierten Milchviehrassen in der peruanischenKüstenregion bei Einsatz verschiedener Rationstypen. In: Kreuzer,M., Wenk, C., Zuberbühler, C., (eds.), Tierernährungsforschung zwischenwissenschaftlichem Anspruch und praktischer Relevanz,Schriftenreihe Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Ernährung-Produkte-Umwelt, ETH Zurich, 28: 118 – 119.Bartl, K., Garcia, M., Gómez, C. A., Wettstein, H.-R., Kreuzer, M., Hess,H. D., 2006: Effect of diet type on milk yield and composition oflocal and exotic cattle breeds kept in the coastal region of Peru. In:Asch, F., Becker, M., (eds.), Proceedings of Deutscher Tropentag 2006:Prosperity and Poverty in a Globalized World. Challenges forAgricultural Research, University of Bonn, Germany: 102.Bartl, K., Gómez, C. A., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D., Wettstein, H. R.,2007: Milchleistung und -zusammensetzung von lokalen undimportierten Rindertypen unter Einfluss verschiedener Futterqualitätenin zwei Höhenlagen in Peru. In: Kreuzer, M., Wenk, C.,Lanzini, T., (eds.), Futterbewertung im Umbruch? SchriftenreiheInstitut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Ernährung-Produkte-Umwelt,ETH Zurich, 29: 107 – 108.Bartl, K., Hess, H. D., 2007: Einfluss der Fütterung auf Milchleistungund Milchzusammensetzung lokaler und importierterRinderrassen in zwei Höhenlagen in Peru. http://www.dbalp.admin.ch/docs/dokument_2007_1_16_66.pdf.Bernal, L. C., Monsalve, L. M., Tiemann, T. T., Avila, P., Lascano, C. E.,Ramirez, G., Wettstein, H. R., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D., 2007: Utility ofmixtures of legumes with and without tannins for ruminants. In:CIAT Annual Report 2006. Project IP-5 Tropical Grasses andLegumes: Optimizing Genetic Diversity for Multipurpose Use.Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia,CD-ROM: 6 – 15.Bernal, L. C., Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D.,2007: Einfluss tanninhaltiger Strauchleguminosen auf dieMilchleistung von Rindern in den Tropen. In: Kreuzer, M., Wenk, C.,Lanzini, T., (eds.), Futterbewertung im Umbruch? SchriftenreiheInstitut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Ernährung-Produkte-Umwelt,ETH Zurich, 29: 115 – 117.Bünemann, E., 2006: Influence of legume fallows on P transformationsin tropical soils. ZIL Annual Report 2005: 25.Dao, D., Stessens, J., 2006: Profil des marchés pour les évaluationsd'urgence de la sécurité alimentaire. Programme AlimentaireMondial (PAM), Strengthening Emergency Needs AssessmentCapacity (SENAC), Côte d’Ivoire.Good, S., 2006: Animal source foods and nutrition during early life.Prosperity and poverty in a globalised world. In: Asch, F., Becker, M.,(eds.), Proceedings of Deutscher Tropentag 2006: Prosperity andPoverty in a Globalized World. Challenges for agricultural research,University of Bonn, Germany: 599.Hahn-Fornet, S., 2007: The development impact of ZIL research onlivestock systems, phase IV 2003–2007 – Assessment study. Reportto the Swiss Centre for International Agriculture, ETH Zurich,Switzerland, 45 pp.Hess, H. D., Cortés, J., Carulla, J. E., Pabón, M. L., Tiemann, T. T.,Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., 2006: Protein digestibility of tannin-containingforages in the rumen and the abomasum as determined .Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology, 15: 157.Hess, H. D., Cortés, J., Carulla, J. E., Pabón, M. L., Tiemann, T. T.,Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., 2006: Proteinverdaulichkeit von tanninhaltigentropischen Futtermitteln – bestimmt durch -Simulationvon Pansen- und Labmagenverdauung. In: Kreuzer, M., Wenk, C.,Zuberbühler, C., (eds.), Tierernährungsforschung zwischen wissenschaftlichemAnspruch und praktischer Relevanz. SchriftenreiheInstitut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Ernährung-Produkte-Umwelt,ETH Zurich, 28: 114 – 115.Hess, H. D., Noto, F., Tiemann, T. T., 2006: Efecto del sitio de producciónen la composición química y las características de fermentaciónruminal de Calliandra calothyrsus var. Patulul. In: Hess, H. D., Gómez,J., Lascano, C. E., (eds.), Segundo Taller. Taninos en la Nutrición deRumiantes en Colombia, CIAT Publicación No. 352, CentroInternacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia: 1 – 3.Hess, H. D., Stürm, C. D., Tiemann, T. T., 2006: Dinámica de fermentaciónruminal de mezclas de leguminosas con contenidos ytipos de taninos contrastantes. In: Hess, H. D., Gómez, J., Lascano,C. E., (eds.), Segundo Taller. Taninos en la Nutrición de Rumiantes enColombia. CIAT Publicación No. 352, Centro Internacional deAgricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia: 27 – 29.Hess, H. D., Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., 2006: Effect ofdifferent purified condensed tannins on ruminal fermentation .Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology, 15: 156.Janssen-Tapken, U., Kadarmideen, H., von Rohr, P., 2006: Markerassistedselection for disease resistance in nucleus breeding systemsfrom a crossbreeding experiment – A simulation study. In:Asch, F., Becker, M., (eds.), Proceedings of Deutscher Tropentag 2006:Prosperity and Poverty in a Globalized World. Challenges forAgricultural Research, University of Bonn, Germany: 530.Janssen-Tapken, U., Kadarmideen, H., von Rohr, P., 2006: Cattlebreeding strategies using genetic markers as a pathway forimproving competitiveness of pastoral systems in Kenya. Papercontribution for the Policy Research Conference on Pastoralismand Poverty Reduction in East Africa, ILRI-Nairobi, Kenya, June27 – 28.Kilchsperger, R., 2006: Über die Ganaderia im Herzen Nicaraguas.In: Mangel und Überfluss. DairyDiary. Semesterblatt des VIAL, ETHZurich: 12 – 16.Louw-Gaume, A., Gaume, A., Frossard, E., Kerguelén, S. M., Rao, I.,2007. Adaptación de especies de Brachiaria a suelos bajos endisponibilidad de fosforo. Paper presented at the 53. AnnualMeeting of PCCMCA (Programa Cooperativo Centroamericanopara el Mejoramiento de Cultivos y Animales). Antigua Guatemala,Guatemala. April 3–27, 2007 (Published as CD-ROM).Louw-Gaume, A., Gaume, A., Rao, I. M., Ishitani, M., Lascano, C.,Kreuzer, M., Frossard, E., 2006: Adaptation of Brachiaria species tolow-P soils. ZIL Annual Report 2005: 27.Marquardt, S., Alzérreca, H., Bouillot, H., Beck, S., Mayer, A. C., 2006:Silvopastoralismo en el Subandino de Bolivia: Ramoneo de vacunosen árboles y arbustos en un bosque montano Tucumano-Boliviano. In: IV Congreso Latinoamericano de Agroforesteria. EEPF“Indio Htuey”, Varadero, Cuba.76

PublicationsOuma, E., Abdulai, A., 2006: Contribution of economics to design ofsustainable cattle breeding programs in Eastern Africa: A choiceexperiment approach. Paper contribution to the 26 th InternationalConference of Agricultural Economists, Gold Coast, Australia,August 12 – 18.Ouma, E., Abdulai, A., Drucker, A., 2006: Pastoralists preferences forcattle traits: Letting them be heard. Paper contribution for thePolicy Research Conference on Pastoralism and Poverty Reductionin East Africa, ILRI-Nairobi, Kenya, June 27 – 28.Sanabria, C. P., Barahona, R., Kreuzer, M., Rodríguez, D. A., Martínez,E. M., Rodríguez, F., 2006: Efecto de la adición de taninos condensadosde Leucaena leucocephala y Desmodium ovalifolium sobrelas poblaciones de bacterias celulolíticas y parámetros fermentativosdurante la degradación in vitro de alfalfa. In: Hess, H. D.,Gómez, J., Lascano, C. E., (eds.), Segundo Taller. Taninos en laNutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia, CIAT Publicación No. 352,Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia:22 – 26.Sanabria, C. P., Barahona, R., Monsalve, L. M., Tiemann, T. T., Lascano,C. E., Hess, H. D., Martínez, E. M., Rodríguez, F., 2006: Monitoreo dela dinámica poblacional in vivo de los principales grupos demicroorganismos ruminales in respuesta a la inclusión de Vignaunguiculata, Flemingia macrophylla yCalliandra calothyrsus en ladieta de ovinos africanos. In: Hess, H. D., Gómez, J., Lascano, C. E.,(eds.), Segundo Taller. Taninos en la Nutrición de Rumiantes enColombia. CIAT Publicación No. 352, Centro Internacional deAgricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia: 35 – 38.Sanabria, C. P., Barahona, R., Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C. E., Martínez,E. M., Rodríguez, F., 2006: Efecto de la inclusión de forraje de Vignaunguiculata, Flemingia macrophylla y Calliandra calothyrsus a unadieta basal de Brachiaria humidicola sobre los principales gruposde microorganismos ruminales y parámetros de fermentación invitro. In: Hess, H. D., Gómez, J., Lascano, C. E., (eds.), Segundo Taller.Taninos en la Nutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia. CIAT PublicaciónNo. 352, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali,Colombia: 30 – 34.Schmidt, A., Hess, H. D., Mena, M., Davies, C., Lopez, E., Benavidez,A., Molina, J. A., Kneubuehler, L., Kilchsperger, R., van der Hoek, R.,Peters, M., 2007: Adaptation of forage conservation technologiesby smallholders in hillsides livestock systems. In: CIAT AnnualReport 2006. Project IP-5 Tropical Grasses and Legumes:Optimising Genetic Diversity for Multipurpose Use. CentroInternacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, CD-ROM: 145 – 165.Tiemann, T. T., Avila, P., Barahona, R., Hess, H. D., 2006: Análisis detaninos: astringencia, composición química y peso molecular. In:Hess, H. D., Gómez, J., Lascano, C. E., (eds.), Segundo Taller. Taninosen la Nutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia, CIAT Publicación No.352, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali,Colombia: 13 – 14.Tiemann, T. T., Avila, P., Barahona, R., Hess, H. D., 2006: Valor comofertilizante del estiércol de ovinos alimentados con leguminosascon taninos. In: Hess, H. D., Gómez, J., Lascano, C. E., (eds.), SegundoTaller. Taninos en la Nutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia, CIATPublicación No. 352, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical(CIAT), Cali, Colombia: 48 – 49.Tiemann, T. T., Avila, P., Ramirez, G., Hess, H. D., Lascano, C. E., 2006:Efecto de taninos extraídos de leguminosas arbustivas sobre ladinámica de fermentación ruminal. In: Hess, H. D., Gómez, J.,Lascano, C. E., (eds.), Segundo Taller. Taninos en la Nutrición deRumiantes en Colombia, CIAT Publicación No. 352, CentroInternacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia: 15 – 17.Tiemann, T. T., Avila, P., Ramirez, G., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D., Lascano,C. E., 2007: Forage quality of promising grasses and legumes. In:CIAT Annual Report 2006. Project IP-5 Tropical Grasses andLegumes: Optimizing Genetic Diversity for Multipurpose Use.Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia,CD-ROM: 2 – 6.Tiemann, T. T., Franco, L. H., Plazas, C., Avila, P., Ramirez, G., Hess, H.D., Lascano, C. E., 2006: Efecto de localidad y nivel de fertilizaciónen la producción de biomasa de leguminosas arbustivas. In: Hess,H. D., Gómez, J., Lascano, C. E., (eds.), Segundo Taller. Taninos en laNutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia, CIAT Publicación No. 352,Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia:4 – 6.Tiemann, T. T., Hess, H. D., Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., 2006:Cultivation site dependent variations of forage yield and quality oftropical shrub legumes. In: Asch, F., Becker, M., (eds.), Proceedings ofDeutscher Tropentag 2006: Prosperity and Poverty in a GlobalizedWorld. Challenges for Agricultural Research, University of Bonn,Germany: 46.Tiemann, T. T., Hess, H. D., Kreuzer, M., Frossard, E., Barahona, R.,Rodriguez, F., Carulla, J. E., Moreno, B., Holmann, F., Lascano, C. E.,Peters, M., Soliva, C. R., 2006: The forage potential of tanniniferouslegumes: Search for sustainable ways to cope with nutritional limitationsin smallholder livestock. ZIL Annual Report 2005: 28.Tiemann, T. T., Hess, H. D., Kreuzer, M., Lascano, C. E., Franco, L. H.,Plazas, C., Peters, M., Frossard, E., Avila, P., Moreno, B., Carulla, J. E.,Pabon, M. L., Cortes, J., Ramírez, G., Carmona, J. C., Bolivar, D. M.,Rodriguez, R., Sanabria, C. P., 2006: Assessment of the potential oftanniniferous legumes to improve ruminant nutrition. In: CIATAnnual Report 2005. Project IP-5 Tropical Grasses and Legumes:Optimizing Genetic Diversity for Multipurpose Use. CentroInternacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, CD-ROM: 10 – 20.Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D., 2006:Investigations on the use of polyethylene glycol in in vitro ruminalfermentation studies with tanniniferous tropical forages.Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology 15: 158.Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C.E., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H.D., 2006:Untersuchungen zur Optimierung der Verwendung vonPolyethylenglykol in Studien mit tanninreichen tropischenFuttermitteln. In: Kreuzer, M., Wenk, C., Zuberbühler, C., (eds.),Tierernährungsforschung zwischen wissenschaftlichem Anspruchund praktischer Relevanz, Schriftenreihe Institut fürNutztierwissenschaften, Ernährung-Produkte-Umwelt, ETHZurich, Switzerland: Bd. 28: 112 – 113.Tiemann, T. T., Wettstein, H. R., Avila, P., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D.,2006: Efecto de leguminosas con taninos en la emisión de metanoen ovinos. In: Hess, H. D., Gómez, J., Lascano, C. E., (eds.), SegundoTaller. Taninos en la Nutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia, CIATPublicación No. 352, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical(CIAT), Cali, Colombia: 42 – 43.Zhang, P., Vanderschuren, H., Gruissem, W., 2006: Developmentand testing of cassava lines with improved resistance to AfricanCassava Mosaic Virus. ZIL Annual Report 2005: 34.77

PublicationsRFPP projectsAbang, M., Brunner, P., Baum, M., Linde, C. C., Yahyaoui, A.,McDonald, B., 2006: Detecting immigration in field populations ofRhynchosporium secalis using assignment tests. APS/CPS/MSAJoint Meeting, Québec City, Canada, July 29 – August 2.Abang, M., Baum, M., Ceccarelli, S., Grando, S., Linde, C. C., Yahyaoui,A., Zhan, J., McDonald, B., 2006: Pathogen evolution in response tohost resistance genes: Evidence from fields experiments withRhynchosporium secalis on barley. APS/CPS/MSA Joint Meeting,Québec City, Canada, July 29 – August 2.Abang, M., Brunner, P., Baum, M., Linde, C. C., Yahyaoui, A., McDonald,B., 2006: Recombination and migration as sources of genetic variationin populations of Rhynchosporium secalis on barley. In:Turkington, T. K., Orr, D. D., Xi, K., (eds.), Proceedings of the ThirdInternational Workshop on Barley Leaf Blights, University of AlbertaConference Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, July 23 – 27: 9 – 11.Abang, M., Baum, M., Ceccarelli, S., Grando, S., Linde, C. C., Yahyaoui,A., Zhan, J., McDonald, B., 2006: Evolution of Rhynchosporiumsecalis in barley populations: Fitness cost, host specialisation anddifferential selection. In: Turkington, T. K., Orr, D. D., Xi, K., (eds.),Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Barley LeafBlights, University of Alberta Conference Centre Edmonton,Alberta, Canada, July 23 – 27: 94 – 96.Gähwiler, M., Sell, J., Köllner, T., 2006: Demand and supply forecosystem services from tropical forestry. Integrated projectassessment and marketing. Workshop Report.Koellner, T., Sell, J., Navarro, G., 2006: Multinational and Costa Ricanfirms’ demand for ecosystem services from tropical forests. Paperfor Conference of ISEE, New Delhi, India, December 15 – 18.Schmidt, K., 2006: NTFPs and poverty alleviation in Kyrgyzstan:Potential and critical issues. In: Pfund, J. L., Robinson, P., (eds), Nontimberforest products between poverty alleviation and marketforces, Intercooperation, Berne: 28 – 29.Schmidt, K., 2006: Wald, Mensch und Biodiversität. ZweiFallbeispiele aus der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit mit Kirgistanund Madagaskar. Biodiversität im Spannungsfeld Nord-Süd,Hotspot 14: 16 – 17.Wang, C.H., Zhang, P., Lentini, Z., 2006: Development of an in vitroprotocol for the production of cassava doubled haploids and itsuse in breeding. ZIL Annual Report 2005: 49.Other international projects (non ZIL funded)Aramayo, E., Alzérreca, H., Marquardt, S., Belén, J., Beck, S., Kreuzer,M., Mayer, A. C., 2007: Futterzusammensetzung von Criollo-Rindern auf subtropischen Waldweiden. Eine mikrohistologischeAnalyse. In: Kreuzer, M., Wenk, C., Lanzini, T., (eds.), Futterbewertungim Umbruch? Schriftenreihe Institut fürNutztierwissenschaften, Ernährung-Produkte-Umwelt, ETHZurich, 29: 112 – 114.Becker, B., 2006: Internationale Vereinbarungen erhalten dieAgrarbiodiversität. Biodiversität im Spannungsfeld Nord-Süd,Hotspot 14: 18.Behera, B., Engel, S., 2006: Who forms local institutions? Levels ofhousehold participation in India’s Joint Forest Management program.ZEF-Discussion Papers on Development Policy 103, Centrefor Development Research, University of Bonn.Clément, C., Kreuzer, M., Locher, N., Ponce, D., Manrique, I., Mayer, A.C., 2007: Potentially fertility enhancing secondary metabolites ofthe Andean plant Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp). Which influencedo colour and treatment have? In: Kreuzer, M., Wenk, C., Lanzini, T.,(eds.), Futterbewertung im Umbruch? Schriftenreihe Institut fürNutztierwissenschaften, Ernährung-Produkte-Umwelt, ETHZurich, 29: 199 – 200.Dorn, S., Gu, H., 2006: Codling moth dispersal, demographicparameters and mating preference: Optimisation for SIT. In:Improvement of codling moth SIT to facilitate expansion of fieldapplications, Proceedings of the FAO/IAEA Meeting 16. – 20.9.2005IAEA, Vienna, IAEA-314-D4-RC876: 69 – 73.Eugster, W., Schmid, S., Burkard, R., 2006: Ion loads in tropical cloudforests in Puerto Rico and Costa Rica and tracer techniques toassess throughfall. Fall Meeting Suppl, Eos Trans. AGU 87 (52):B14A – 04.Grote, U., Engel, E., Schraven, B., 2006: Migration due to the tsunamiin Sri Lanka - Analyzing vulnerability and migration at thehousehold level. ZEF-Discussion Papers on Development Policy105, Centre for Development Research, University of Bonn.Hilfiker, K., Zingerli, C., Sorg, J.-P., Lüthi, R., 2006: Market potentialand resource management of non-timber forest products (NTFPs)in the Northern uplands of Vietnam. Swiss Forestry Journal, 157 (2):49 – 56.Jaturasitha, S., Kanyakum, P., Leawtharakul, A., Simasatitkul, N.,Khiaosa-ard, R., Wicke, M., 2006: Carcass yield and physicochemicalcharacteristics of indigenous and modern chickens reared inNorth Thailand. In: T., Kreuzer, M., Wenk, C., Zuberbühler, C., (eds.),Tierernährungsforschung zwischen wissenschaftlichem Anspruchund praktischer Relevanz, Schriftenreihe Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften,Ernährung-Produkte-Umwelt, ETH Zurich, Bd. 28:175 – 179.Katata, G., Nagai, H., Wrzesinsky, T., Klemm, O., Eugster, W., Burkard,R., 2006: Development of a new model for accurate prediction ofcloud water deposition on vegetation. Fall Meeting Suppl, EosTrans. AGU 87 (52): B14A-05.Khiaosa-ard, R., Bryner, S. F., Scheeder, M. R. L., Wettstein, H. R.,Kreuzer, M., Soliva, C. R., 2007: Ruminal biohydrogenation of α-linolenic acid as affected by plant secondary metabolites in vitro.Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology, 16: 72.Khiaosa-ard, R., Bryner, S. F., Scheeder, M. R. L., Wettstein, H. R.,Kreuzer, M., Soliva, C. R., 2007: Tannin and saponin induced modificationof ruminal biohydrogenation of α-linolenic acid in vitro. In:Kreuzer, M., Wenk, C., Lanzini, T., (eds.), Futterbewertung imUmbruch? Schriftenreihe Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften,Ernährung-Produkte-Umwelt, ETH Zurich, 29: 188 – 189.Marquardt, S. Encinas, F., Beck, S., Alzérreca, H., Kreuzer, M., Mayer,A. C. , 2007: Wildpflanzen als Nahrungsgrundlage von Criollo-Rindern in bolivianischen Bergwäldern. In: Kreuzer, M., Wenk, C.,Lanzini, T., (eds.), Futterbewertung im Umbruch? SchriftenreiheInstitut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Ernährung-Produkte-Umwelt,ETH Zurich, 29: 109 – 111.Mayer, A. C., Bouillot, H. L., Serrano, M., Encinas, F., Ibáñez, D., Beck, S.,Alzérreca, H., Marquardt, S., 2006: Effects of grazing intensity on selectedtrees and shrubs in Sub-Andean silvopastoral systems in Bolivia. In:Asch, F., Becker, M., (eds.), Proceedings of Deutscher Tropentag 2006:Prosperity and Poverty in a Globalized World. Challenges for AgriculturalResearch, University of Bonn, Germany: 229.78

PublicationsMayer, A. C., Huovinen, C., Stöckli, V., Kreuzer, M., 2006: Silvopastoralismcan enhance biodiversity in treeline ecosystems. In:Proceedings of the International Ecoagriculture Conference andPractitioners Fair, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi,Kenya.Soliva, C. R., Zeleke, A. B., Clément, C., Hess, H. D., Kreuzer, M., 2006:Effects on in vitro ruminal nitrogen turnover and methanogenesisof foliage and crop residues supplemented to a tropical grass diet.Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology, 15: 152.Soliva, C. R., Zeleke, A. B., Clément, C., Hess, H. D., Kreuzer, M., 2006:Zulage von Blättern und Ernterückständen tropischer Leguminosen-Futterbäume zu Futtergras und deren Auswirkungen auf dieFermentationsprozesse und die Methanogenese im Pansen. In:Kreuzer, M., Wenk, C., Zuberbühler, C., (eds.), Tierernährungsforschungzwischen wissenschaftlichem Anspruch und praktischer Relevanz,Schriftenreihe Institut für Nutztierwissenschaften, Ernährung-Produkte-Umwelt, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Bd. 28: 116 – 117PostersZIL funded projectsAulinger-Leipner, I., Bandara, K. R. M. U., Bogahawatte, C.,Egodawatte, C., Eisenbeiss, H., Grün, A., Kandapola, S., Lehmann, B.,Liedgens, M., Neelawala, P., Samarakoon, L., Sangakkara, R.,Sonnevelt, M., Stamp, P., Tutkun-Tikir, A., 2007: Integrating agronomicand socioeconomic aspects of reversing soil degradation bytropical legume trees using GIS. Relevance and Impact of Researchfor Development, Inaugural Conference of the North-South Centre,ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 29.Bartl, K., Aufdermauer, T., Gomez, C. A., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D.,Wettstein, H. R., 2007: Einfluss des Rationstyps auf Milchleistungund -zusammensetzung lokaler und importierter Rinderrassen inzwei Höhenlagen in Peru. 61. Tagung der Gesellschaft fürErnährungsphysiologie, Göttingen, Germany, March 6 – 8.Bartl, K., Gómez, C. A., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D. und Wettstein, H. R.,2007: Milchleistung und -zusammensetzung von lokalen undimportierten Rindertypen unter Einfluss verschiedener Futterqualitätenin zwei Höhenlagen in Peru. Futterbewertung imUmbruch? Conference at the ETH Zurich, Switzerland, May 9.Bartl, K., Gómez, C. A., Kreuzer, M., Mayer, A., Hess, H. D., 2007:Participatory development of improved dry season feeding systemsfor dairy cattle in the Peruvian Andes. Relevance and Impactof Research for Development, Inaugural Conference of the North-South Centre, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 29.Bartl, K., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D., 2006: Improved dry season feedingsystems for smallholder dairy cattle in Latin America. Trees forPoverty Alleviation, Annual Conference of the Swiss Centre forInternational Agriculture (ZIL), Zurich, Switzerland, June 9.Bernal, L. C., Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D.,2007: Einfluss tanninhaltiger Strauchleguminosen auf dieMilchleistung von Rindern in den Tropen. Futterbewertung imUmbruch? Conference at the ETH Zurich, Switzerland, May 9.Good, S., 2006: Animal source foods and nutrition during early life.Prosperity and poverty in a globalised world. In: Asch, F., Becker, M.,(eds.), Proceedings of Deutscher Tropentag 2006: Prosperity andPoverty in a Globalized World. Challenges for agricultural research,University of Bonn, Germany: 599.Good, S., Shiferaw, Y., Egli, I., Davidsson, L., Randolph, T. F., Hurrell, R.F., 2007: Animal source foods and nutrition during early life.Relevance and Impact of Research for Development, InauguralConference of the North-South Centre, ETH Zurich, Switzerland,June 29.Hess, H. D., Cortés, J. Carulla, J. E., Pabón, M. L., Tiemann, T. T.,Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., 2006: In vitro-Schätzung derProteinverdaulichkeit von tanninhaltigen Raufutter im Pansen undim Abomasum. 60. Tagung der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie,Göttingen, Germany, March 21 – 23.Hess, H. D., Cortés, J., Carulla, J. E., Pabón, M. L., Tiemann, T. T.,Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., 2006: Proteinverdaulichkeit von tanninhaltigentropischen Futtermitteln – bestimmt durch in vitro-Simulation von Pansen- und Labmagenverdauung. Tierernährungsforschungzwischen wissenschaftlichem Anspruchund praktischer Relevanz, Conference at the ETH Zurich,Switzerland, May 10.Hess, H. D., Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., 2006: Einflussunterschiedlicher gereinigter kondensierter Tannine auf diePansenfermentation in vitro. 60. Tagung der Gesellschaft fürErnährungsphysiologie, Göttingen, Germany, March 21 – 23.Louw-Gaume, A., 2006: Phosphorus utilization in Brachiaria grassspecies with contrasting growth response to low-P supply. Gene-Plant-Crop Relations Workshop, Wageningen, The Netherlands,April 24.Louw-Gaume, A., 2006: Improved selection criteria for assessmentof genotypic diversity and adaptation in tropical pasture grasses.Swiss Society of Agronomy (SSA) Meeting, Berne, Switzerland,March 24.Mayer, A. C., Kreuzer, M., 2007: Sustainable animal nutrition in thetropics and substropics. 8th Interagency Meeting of Pro-PoorLivestock and Animal Health Research Donors, Swiss College ofAgriculture, Zollikofen, Switzerland, June 7 – 8.Ouma, E., Abdulai, A., 2006: Assessment of farmer preferences forcattle traits in cattle production systems of Eastern Africa in thecontext of trypanotolerance. Farmers Open Day, University of Kiel,Germany, February 3.Plath, M., Mody, K., Dorn, S., 2007: Increased health of locallyknowntimber trees species used in pasture-afforestation and silvopastoralsystems. Relevance and Impact of Research forDevelopment, Inaugural Conference of the North-South Centre,ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 29.Rott, A. S., Zurbuchen, A., Velten, G., Cardona C., Dorn, S., 2006: Howdo plant and host traits influence the reproductive success of abruchid parasitoid, Dinarmus basalis. Schweizerische Gesellschaftfür Phytomedizin, Herbsttagung, Switzerland, Payerne, October 5.Shiferaw, Y., Randolph, T. F., Peters, K. J., Good, S., Davidsson, L.,Hurrell, R. F., 2007: Household-level economic and nutritionalimportance of small animal production in rural and urban areas ofEthiopia: Case study in East Shewa Zone, Ada’a Liben Woreda.Relevance and Impact of Research for Development, InauguralConference of the North-South Centre, ETH Zurich, Switzerland,June 29.Stamp, P., Eisenbeiss, H., Sonnevelt, M., Aulinger, I., Liedgens, M.,Grün, A., Lehmann, B., Sangakkara, R., Bogahawatte, C.,Samarakoon, L., 2006: Integrating agronomic and socioeconomicaspects of reversing soil degradation by tropical legume trees byGIS analysis. Trees for Poverty Alleviation, Annual Conference ofthe Swiss Centre for International Agriculture (ZIL), Zurich,Switzerland, June 9.79

PublicationsStupak, M., Alder, A., Ulzinger, B., Gruissem, W., Sautter, C., Zhang,P., 2006: Improving the protein content in cassava storage roots viabiofortification. Tropical Crop Biotechnology Conference 2006,Cairns, Queensland, Australia, August 16 – 19.Stupak, M., Owiti, J., Gruissem, W., Zhang, P., 2006: Development ofcassava storage roots for improved protein nutrition and storage.In: Session 11, Improving Nutritional Quality of Crops, P1280, 11 thInternational Association for Plant Tissue Culture andBiotechnology (IAPTC&B), Beijing, China, August 13 – 18.Tiemann, T. T., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D., 2006: Tanniniferous foragetrees: Alternatives to cope with nutritional limitations in smallholderlivestock. Trees for Poverty Alleviation, Annual Conferenceof the Swiss Centre for International Agriculture (ZIL), Zurich,Switzerland, June 9.Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D., 2006:Untersuchungen zur Optimierung der Verwendung vonPolyethylenglykol in Studien mit tanninreichen tropischenFuttermitteln. Tierernährungsforschung zwischen wissenschaftlichemAnspruch und praktischer Relevanz, Conferenceat the ETH Zurich, Switzerland, May 10.Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D., 2006:Untersuchungen zum Einsatz von Polyethylenglykol in in vitroPansenfermentationstudien mit tanninreichen tropischenFuttermitteln. 60. Tagung der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie,Göttingen, Germany, March 21 – 23.Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D., 2006: Intraandinter-specific variations in the effects of condensed tannins onruminal fermentation. Trees for Poverty Alleviation, AnnualConference of the Swiss Centre for International Agriculture (ZIL),Zurich, Switzerland, June 9.Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D., 2007: May tanninshelp the poor? Challenging a highly complex relationshipbetween the needs of plants and cattle in the tropics. Relevanceand Impact of Research for Development, Inaugural Conference ofthe North-South Centre, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 29.Vanderschuren, H., Adler, A., Utzinger, B., Gruissem, W., Zhang, P.,2006: Engineering Cassava Mosaic Disease resistance in cassava.Tropical Crop Biotechnology Conference 2006, Cairns, Queensland,Australia, August 16 – 19.Vanderschuren, H., Gruissem, W., Zhang, P., 2007: Small RNAs areready to fight with cassava geminiviruses for broad-spectrumresistance in transgenic cassava. Third General Meeting onBiotechnology, Breeding and Seed Systems for African Crops,Joaquim Chissano International Conference Centre, Maputo,Mozambique, March 26 – 29.Velten, G., Rott, A. S., Cardona, C., Dorn, S., 2006: Exploitation ofnatural resources for food security in developing countries. Treesfor Poverty Alleviation, Annual Conference of the Swiss Centre forInternational Agriculture (ZIL), Zurich, Switzerland, June 9.Youan Bi, A., Dumondel, M., Daouda, D., Comoe, H., Bamba, Y.,N’gbo, A., Lehmann, B., 2007: Impact of system and zone on bovinestock breedings productivity. Relevance and Impact of Research forDevelopment, Inaugural Conference of the North-South Centre,ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 29.Zabel, A., Engel, S., Mayer, A. C., 2007: Tiger-livestock conflicts. Aninterdisciplinary research project in Bandhavgarh National Park,India. 8th Interagency Meeting of Pro-Poor Livestock and AnimalHealth Research Donors, Swiss College of Agriculture, Zollikofen,June 7 – 8.Zhang, P., Gruissem, W., 2006: Leaf senescence-inducible expressionof isopentenyl transferase in cassava rendering it resistant todrought stress. The First International Conference on the Theoryand Practices in Biological Water Saving (ICTPB), Beijing, China,May 21 – 25.Zhang, P., Vanderschuren, H., Stupak, M., Owiti, J., Gruissem, W.,2006: Transgenic approaches to add economic and nutritional valuesin cassava. Section B: Biotechnology – Cell Biology. Cassava improvementto enhance livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa and NortheasternBrazil, First International Meeting on Cassava Breeding,Biotechnology and Ecology, Brasilia, Brazil, November 11 – 15.Zhang, P., Vanderschuren, H., Stupak, M., Owiti, J., Gruissem, W.,2006: Cassava biotechnology for improved nutrition, health andsustainable development. Session 15, Biotechnology in EconomicCrops, 11th International Association for Plant Tissue Culture andBiotechnology (IAPTC&B), Beijing, China, August 13 – 18.RFPP projectsAndriambelo, L. H., Dirac, C., Sorg, J. P., Zosso, G., 2007: Enhancingthe livelihood of the local population in a biodiversity hotspot inCentral Menabe, Madagascar: Scientific basis for a participatoryforest landscape management. Relevance and Impact of Researchfor Development, Inaugural Conference of the North-South Centre,ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 29.Bukobero, S., 2006: Social practices and forest-related policies.Toward livelihood enhancement. Trees for Poverty Alleviation,Annual Conference of the Swiss Centre for InternationalAgriculture (ZIL), Zurich, Switzerland, June 9.Chacón, G., Schmid, T., Gessler, C., Forbes, G. A., 2006: Estudio de lavariabilidad genética en Phytopthora infestans en el Ecuador medianteel uso de microsatélites (SSRs). La Biotecnología en elEcuador: Estado Actual y Perspectivas Futuras, Universidad SanFrancisco de Quito, Ecuador, April 26 – 28.Flury, C., Tapio, M., Hanotte, O., Simianer, H., Rieder, S., 2007:Marker-based estimation of effective population size: Applicationto the conservation of indigenous African cattle populations.Relevance and Impact of Research for Development, InauguralConference of the North-South Centre, ETH Zurich, Switzerland,June 29.Odongo, D., Taracha, E., Daubenberger, C., Bishop, R., 2006:Synthetic peptides of Bm86 homologues from Boophilus decoloratusas candidate vaccines for control of Boophilus ticks. Trees forPoverty Alleviation, Annual Conference of the Swiss Centre forInternational Agriculture (ZIL), Zurich, Switzerland, June 9.Ogutu, W. O., Day, R., Schaffner, U., Edwards, P. J., Mueller-Schaerer,H., 2007: Is Prosopis meeting its match in Baringo? Relevance andImpact of Research for Development, Inaugural Conference of theNorth-South Centre, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 29.Schneider, M., Marison, I., Mbwette, T., Katima, J., Hassanali, A.,2007: Drinking water treatment in Tanzania using seedprotein extracts from the pan-tropical tree Moringa oleiferaLam. Relevance and Impact of Research for Development,Inaugural Conference of the North-South Centre, ETH Zurich,Switzerland, June 29.80

PublicationsTchabi, A., Coyne, D., Lawouin, L., Hountondji, F.,Wiemken, A., Oehl,F., 2007: Towards nematode management on yam (Dioscorea spp.),using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Relevance and Impact ofResearch for Development, Inaugural Conference of the North-South Centre, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 29.Other international projectsAramayo, E., Alzérreca, H., Marquardt, S., Belén, J., Beck, S., Kreuzer,M., Mayer, A. C., 2007: Futterzusammensetzung von Criollo-Rindern auf subtropischen Waldweiden. Eine mikrohistologischeAnalyse. Futterbewertung im Umbruch? Conference at the ETHZurich, Switzerland, May 9.Bouillot, H. L., Marquardt, S., Serrano, M., Encinas, F., Ibáñez, D.,Beck, S., Alzérreca, H., Mayer, A. C., 2006: Tropical trees and shrubsas feed source for livestock: First results of a controlled forest grazingexperiment in Bolivian mountain forests. Trees for PovertyAlleviation, Annual Conference of the Swiss Centre forInternational Agriculture (ZIL), Zurich, Switzerland, June 9.Clément, C., Kreuzer, M., Locher, N., Ponce, D. Manrique, I., Mayer, A.C., 2007: Potentially fertility enhancing secondary metabolites ofthe Andean plant Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp). Which influencedo colour and treatment have? Futterbewertung im Umbruch?Conference at the ETH Zurich, Switzerland, May 9.Frossard, E., 2006: Adaptation of mycorrhizas to phosphorus fertilization.18 th World Congress of Soil Science, Philadelphia, USA, July 14.Jaturasitha, S., Kanyakum, P., Khiaosa-ard, R., Simasatitkul, N.,Wicke, M., Leawtharakul, A., 2006: Chemical composition and sensoryevaluation of breast muscle of indigenous and modern chickensraised in North Thailand. Prosperity and Poverty in a GlobalizedWorld. Challenges for Agricultural Research, Deutscher Tropentag2006, University of Bonn, Germany, October 11 – 13.Jaturasitha, S., Panprasert, P., Simasathitkul, N., Chanaratha, P.,Khiaosa-ard, R., Leangwunta, V., Sriyapai, A., Vearasilp, T., Kreuzer,M., 2006: Effects of salbutamol in swine diets on quality andsalbutamol residues in pork after its withdrawal from the diet forseven days before slaughter. Prosperity and Poverty in a GlobalizedWorld. Challenges for Agricultural Research, Deutscher Tropentag2006, University of Bonn, Germany, October 11 – 13.Jaturasitha, S., Srikanchai, T., Phongpiachan, P., Rattanapanon, V.,Kreuzer, M., 2006: Importance of sex and slaughter weight for theeffect of tuna oil on the omega-3 concentration of M. longissimusdorsi lipids in swine. Tierernährungsforschung zwischen wissenschaftlichemAnspruch und praktischer Relevanz, Conference,ETH Zurich, Switzerland, May 10.Jemo, M., Frossard, E., Abaidoo, R., Jansa, J., 2006: Arbuscular mycorrhizalfungal communities under different land use in SouthernCameroon. Trees for Poverty Alleviation, Annual Conference of theSwiss Centre for International Agriculture (ZIL), Zurich,Switzerland, June 9.Kastner, S., Kägi, R., Gnehm, N., Assanvo, J. B., Farah, Z., Lacroix, C.,Meile, L., 2006: Molecular characterisation and pectinolytic andcellulolytic potential of Bacillus isolates in the cassava productattiéké. Trees for Poverty Alleviation, Annual Conference of theSwiss Centre for International Agriculture (ZIL), Zurich,Switzerland, June 9.Kastner, S., Tschannen, A., Farah, Z., Lacroix, C., Meile, L., 2007:Microbes in cassava fermentation: Key factors for attiéké qualityand safety in Côte d’Ivoire. Relevance and Impact of Research forDevelopment, Inaugural Conference of the North-South Centre,ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 29.Khiaosa-ard, R., Kreuzer, M., 2006: Effect of period of dietary tunaoil feeding on meat and fat quality of pork, and its comparativeefficiency to enrich omega-3 fatty acids. Oils, fats and lipids for ahealthier future – The need for interdisciplinary approaches, 4 thEuroFed Lipid Congress, University of Madrid, Spain, October 1 – 4.Khiaosa-ard, R., Bryner, S. F., Scheeder, M. R. L., Wettstein, H. R.,Kreuzer, M., Soliva, C. R., 2007: Beeinflussung der ruminalenBiohydrogenierung von α-Linolensäure in vitro durch sekundärePflanzeninhaltsstoffe. 61. Tagung der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie,Göttingen, Germany, March 6 – 8.Khiaosa-ard, R., Bryner, S. F., Scheeder, M. R. L., Wettstein, H. R.,Kreuzer, M., Soliva, C. R., 2007: Tannin and saponin induced modificationof ruminal biohydrogenation of α-linolenic acid in vitro.Futterbewertung im Umbruch? Conference at the ETH Zurich,Switzerland, May 9.Marquardt, S., Alzérreca, H., Bouillot, H., Beck, S., Mayer, A. C., 2006:Silvopastoralismo en el Subandino de Bolivia: Ramoneo de vacunosen árboles y arbustos en un bosque montano Tucumano-Boliviano. IV Congreso Latinoamericano de Agroforesteria,Varadero, Cuba, October 24 – 28.Marquardt, S., Alzérreca, H. , Beck, S., Kreuzer, M., Mayer, A. C., 2007:Which plant species do cattle select in Bolivian mountain forests?8 th Interagency Meeting of Pro-Poor Livestock and Animal HealthResearch Donors, Swiss College of Agriculture, Zollikofen,Switzerland, June 7 – 8.Marquardt, S. Encinas, F., Beck, S., Alzérreca, H., Kreuzer, M., Mayer,A. C., 2007: Wildpflanzen als Nahrungsgrundlage von Criollo-Rindern in bolivianischen Bergwäldern. Futterbewertung imUmbruch? Conference at the ETH Zurich, Switzerland, May 9.Mathimaran, N., Ruh, R., Jansa, J., Frossard, E., 2006: Adaptation ofmycorrhizas to phosphorus fertilization. 18 th World Congress ofSoil Science, USA, Philadelphia, July 9 – 15.Mayer, A. C., Bouillot, H. L., Serrano, M., Encinas, F., Ibáñez, D., Beck,S., Alzérreca, H., Marquardt, S., 2006: Effects of grazing intensity onselected trees and shrubs in sub-Andean silvopastoral systems inBolivia. Prosperity and Poverty in a Globalized World. Challengesfor Agricultural Research, Deutscher Tropentag 2006, University ofBonn, Germany, October 11 – 13.Mayer, A. C., Marquardt, S., Beck, S., Alzérreca, H., Kreuzer, M., 2006:Livestock nutrition on wood pastures in the Bolivian “Subandino”.Trees for Poverty Alleviation, Annual Conference of the Swiss Centrefor International Agriculture (ZIL), Zurich, Switzerland, June 9.Mayer, A. C., Marquardt, S., Alzérreca, H., Beck, S., Kreuzer, M., 2007:Fruitful collaboration of ETH scientists with Bolivian students,farmers and experts: Capacity building during intensive field workin subtropical mountain forests. Relevance and Impact of Researchfor Development, Inaugural Conference of the North-South Centre,ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 29.Rohner, F., Wegmueller, R., Zimmermann, M., Tschannen, A., Hurrell,R., 2006: Riboflavin deficiency as a determinant of iron status andanaemia: A cross-sectional study in schoolchildren in Côte d’Ivoire.Bioavailability 2006, Chiang Mai, Thailand, March 7 – 10.Soliva, C. R., Zeleke, A. B., Clément, C., Hess, H. D., Kreuzer, M., 2006:Wirkung einer Supplementierung von Blättern und Ernterückständenzu einer Ration aus tropischem Gras auf den ruminalen81

PublicationsStickstoffumsatz und die Methanogenese in vitro. 60. Tagung derGesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie, Göttingen, Germany,March 21 – 23.Soliva, C. R., Zeleke, A. B., Clément, C., Hess, H. D., Kreuzer, M., 2006:Zulage von Blättern und Ernterückständen tropischer Leguminosen-Futterbäumezu Futtergras und deren Auswirkungen aufdie Fermentationsprozesse und die Methanogenese im Pansen.Tierernährungsforschung zwischen wissenschaftlichem Anspruchund praktischer Relevanz, Conference, ETH Zurich, Switzerland,May 10.Wullschleger, S., Egger, S., Lacroix, C., Tembely, S., Farah, Z., Bonfoh,B., Meile, L., 2006: Antibiotic resistance analysis of Enterococcus sp.isolates from the fermentation process of Fèné, a spontaneouslyfermented sour-milk product in Mali, Food Micro Conference 2006,Bologna, Italy, August 29 – September 1.Wullschleger, S., Bonfoh, B., Tembely, S., Farah, Z., Lacroix, C., Meile,L., 2007: Analysis of microorganisms from spontaneously fermentedmilk (fèné) on small and home scale level in Mali and developingan adapted starter culture of its microorganisms. Relevanceand Impact of Research for Development, Inaugural Conference ofthe North-South Centre, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 29.Wünscher, T., Engel, S., Wunder, S., 2006: Payments for forest environmentalservices: How much do we really have to pay?Prosperity and Poverty in a Globalized World. Challenges forAgricultural Research, Deutscher Tropentag 2006, University ofBonn, Germany, October 11 – 13.Zeugin, F., Gob, C., Bonilla, J. L., Schlaffer, S., Jansa, J., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., 2006: Diversity of tropical trees and ecosystemnutrient cycling. Trees for Poverty Alleviation, Annual Conferenceof the Swiss Centre for International Agriculture (ZIL), Zurich,Switzerland, June 9.Oral presentationsZIL funded projectsBartl, K., 2007: Traditional and alternative forage species for dairyproduction in the Peruvian Andes. Sustainable livestock-keeping inthe tropics and subtropics – In the suspense between environmentalprotection and intensification. Interdisciplinary Day of theCourse “Ruminant Science”, ETH Zurich, June 20.Bartl, K., Garcia, M., Gómez, C. A., Wettstein, H. R., Kreuzer, M., Hess,H. D., 2006: Effect of diet type on milk yield and composition oflocal and exotic cattle breeds kept in the coastal region of Peru.Prosperity and Poverty in a Globalized World. Challenges forAgricultural Research, Deutscher Tropentag 2006, University ofBonn, Germany, October 12.Bartl, K., Hess, H. D., 2007: Einfluss der Fütterung auf Milchleistungund Milchzusammensetzung lokaler und importierter Rinderrassenin zwei Höhenlagen in Peru. Kolloquium, AgroscopeLiebefeld-Posieux, Posieux, Switzerland, February 15.Douxchamps, S., Frossard, E., Rao, I. M., Schmidt, A., Kreuzer, M.,Oberson, A., 2007: Realising the benefits of cover crop legumesin smallholder crop-livestock systems of the hillsides of CentralAmerica. Colloquium “Selected Aspects of SustainableDevelopment”, Network for International Development andCooperation (NIDECO), ETH Zurich, Switzerland, May 16.Gómez, C. A., Bartl, K., 2006: Presentation of project results,Pachacayo, Peru, June 10.Gruissem, W., Owiti, J., Zhang, P., 2006: A proteomics approach tounderstanding PPD process in cassava. Session 5: PPD, 2006BioCassava Plus Annual Meeting, Columbus, USA, July 24 – 26.Hahn-Fornet, S., 2007: The development impact of ZIL research onlivestock systems. Relevance and impact of research for development.Inaugural Conference of the North-South Centre, ETHZurich, Switzerland, June 29.Hess, H. D., Noto, F., Tiemann, T. T., 2006: Efecto del sitio de producciónen la composición química y las características de fermentaciónruminal de Calliandra calothyrsus var. Patulul. SegundoTaller. Taninos en la Nutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia,Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, November30 – December 1.Hess, H. D., Stürm, C. D., Tiemann, T. T., 2006: Dinámica de fermentaciónruminal de mezclas de leguminosas con contenidos ytipos de taninos contrastantes. Segundo Taller. Taninos en laNutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia, Universidad Nacional deColombia, Bogotá, Colombia, November 30 – December 1.Louw-Gaume, A., 2006: Root exudation patterns in Brachiariagrasses: What do they mean in terms of understanding adaptationof Brachiaria species? Colombia, Cali, November 28.Owiti, J., Gruissem, W., Zhang, P., 2007: Development of cassavaroots for improved storage: Modulation of cassava post harvestdeterioration. Third General Meeting on Biotechnology, Breedingand Seed Systems for African Crops, Maputo, Mozambique, March26 – 29.Owiti, J., Zhang, P., Gruissem, W., 2006: Biotechnology approachesto modulate post-harvest physiological deterioration of cassavastorage roots. Session V, Roots and Tubers for Feed and Industry.14 th Triennial Symposium of the International Society for TropicalRoot Crops, Thiruvananthapuram, India, November 20-26.Rott, A. S., Zurbuchen, A., Velten, G., Cardona, C., Dorn, S., 2006:How do plant and host traits influence the reproductive success ofa parasitoid? 8 th European Congress of Entomology, Izmir, Turkey,September 17 – 22.Rott, A. S., Zurbuchen, A., Dorn, S., 2006: How do plant and hosttraits influence the reproductive success of a parasitoid?Behavioural Ecology of Insect Parasitoids, France, Juan les Pins,September 25 – 28.Sanabria, C. P., Barahona, R., Kreuzer, M., Rodríguez, D. A., Martínez,E. M., Rodríguez, F., 2006: Efecto de la adición de taninos condensadosde Leucaena leucocephala y Desmodium ovalifolium sobrelas poblaciones de bacterias celulolíticas y parámetros fermentativosdurante la degradación in vitro de alfalfa. Segundo Taller.Taninos en la Nutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia, UniversidadNacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, November 30 –December 1.Sanabria, C. P., Barahona, R., Tiemann, T. T., Lascano, C. E., Martínez,E. M., Rodríguez, F., 2006: Efecto de la inclusión de forraje de Vignaunguiculata, Flemingia macrophylla y Calliandra calothyrsus a unadieta basal de Brachiaria humidicola sobre los principales gruposde microorganismos ruminales y parámetros de fermentación invitro. Segundo Taller. Taninos en la Nutrición de Rumiantes enColombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia,November 30 – December 1.Sanabria, C. P., Barahona, R., Monsalve, L. M., Tiemann, T. T., Lascano,C. E., Hess, H. D., Martínez, E. M., Rodríguez, F., 2006: Monitoreo de82

Publicationsla dinámica poblacional in vivo de los principales grupos demicroorganismos ruminales in respuesta a la inclusión de Vignaunguiculata, Flemingia macrophylla y Calliandra calothyrsus en ladieta de ovinos africanos. Segundo Taller. Taninos en la Nutriciónde Rumiantes en Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,Bogotá, Colombia, November 30 – December 1.Tiemann, T. T., 2007: Tannins in tropical livestock systems: Only anobstacle or maybe a chance? Sustainable livestock-keeping in thezropics and subtropics – In the suspense between environmentalprotection and intensification, Interdisciplinary Day of the Course“Ruminant Science”, ETH Zurich, June 20.Tiemann, T. T., Avila, P., Barahona, R., Hess, H. D., 2006: Análisis detaninos: Astringencia, composición química y peso molecular.Segundo Taller. Taninos en la Nutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia,Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, November30 – December 1.Tiemann, T. T., Avila, P., Rao, I. M., Hess, H. D., Lascano, C. E., 2006:Valor como fertilizante del estiércol de ovinos alimentados conleguminosas con taninos. Segundo Taller. Taninos en la Nutriciónde Rumiantes en Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,Bogotá, Colombia, November 30 – December 1.Tiemann, T. T., Avila, P., Ramirez, G., Hess, H. D., Lascano, C. E., 2006:Efecto de taninos extraídos de leguminosas arbustivas sobre ladinámica de fermentación ruminal. Segundo Taller. Taninos en laNutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia, Universidad Nacional deColombia, Bogotá, Colombia, November 30 – December 1.Tiemann, T. T., Franco, L. H., Plazas, C., Avila, P., Ramirez, G., Hess, H.D., Lascano, C. E., 2006: Efecto de localidad y nivel de fertilizaciónen la producción de biomasa de leguminosas arbustivas. SegundoTaller. Taninos en la Nutrición de Rumiantes en Colombia,Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, November30 – December 1.Tiemann, T. T., Hess, H. D., Lascano, C. E., 2006: Leguminosas arbustivascon taninos: Potencial y limitaciones para la alimentación delganado en el trópico. Series of lectures at the Centro Internacionalde Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia, December 6.Tiemann, T. T., Hess, H. D., Lascano, C. E., Kreuzer, M., 2006:Cultivation site dependent variations of forage yield and quality oftropical shrub legumes. Prosperity and Poverty in a GlobalizedWorld. Challenges for Agricultural Research, Deutscher Tropentag2006, University of Bonn, Germany, October 11 – 13.Tiemann, T. T., Hess, H. D., 2007: Probleme und Chancen beimEinsatz tanninhaltiger Buschleguminosen als Futterzusatz in denTropen. Kolloquium Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux, Posieux,Switzerland, April 19.Tiemann, T. T., Wettstein, H. R., Avila, P., Kreuzer, M., Hess, H. D.,2006: Efecto de leguminosas con taninos en la emisión de metanoen ovinos. Segundo Taller. Taninos en la Nutrición de Rumiantes enColombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia,November 30 – December 1.Turín, C., Bartl, K., 2006: Workshop for Participatory Planification ofProject Steps. Chalhuas, Peru, April 1.Turín, C., Bartl, K., 2006: Workshop for Participatory Planification ofProject Steps. Sallahuachac, Peru, March 31.Turín, C., Bartl, K., 2006: Workshop on Production of Hay and Silage.Chalhuas, Peru, May 13.Turín, C., 2006: Workshop on Production of Hay and Silage.Sallahuachac, Peru, May 19.Vanderschuren, H., Akbergenov, R., Pooggin, M. M., Hohn, T.,Gruissem, W., Zhang, P., 2006: RNA-mediated resistance to cassavageminiviruses in transgenic cassava. Session VI Biotic and Abioticstresses. 14 th Triennial Symposium of the International Society forTropical Root Crops, Thiruvananthapuram, India, November 20 – 26.Zambrano, M., Bartl, K., 2006: Presentation of Project Results.Sallahuachac, Peru, July 20.Zhang, P., 2006: Progress and perspective of cassava biotechnology.Beijing AgroBiotechnology Research Centre, Beijing, China, April 26.Zhang, P., 2006: Biotechnology for food security: A real progress orillusion. Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS),Danzhou, China, April 12.Zhang, P., 2006: Research progress of cassava and sweetpotatobiotechnology. 2006 Annual Meeting of the Institute of PlantPhysiology and Ecology, SIBS, CAS. Tianmu Lake-Suyang, China,May 30 – June 1.Zhang, P., 2006: Cassava and sweet potato biotechnology for bioenergydevelopment. Symposium on the Frontiers of BiologicalSciences of 100 Talents, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Shanghai,China, August 18 – 20.Zhang, P., 2006: RNA-mediated resistance to cassava geminivirusesin transgenic cassava. In: Symposium on MolecularMechanisms on Plant-microbe Interactions. 11 th InternationalAssociation for Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology (IAPTC&B),Beijing, China, August 13 – 18.Zhang, P., 2006: Engineering cassava geminivirus resistance in cassava.South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China, November 27.Zhang, P., Vanderschuren, H., Gruissem, W., 2006: RNA-mediatedresistance to cassava geminiviruses in transgenic cassava. Session6: CMD. 2006 BioCassava Plus Annual Meeting, Columbus, OH,USA, July 24 – 26.Zhang, P., Stupak, M., Gruissem, W., 2006: Subcellular deposition ofstorage proteins in cassava cells: A transient study. Session 2:Proteins. 2006 BioCassava Plus Annual Meeting, Columbus, OH,USA, July 24 – 26.RFPP projectsBukobero, S., 2006: Devolution in forestry and livelihood: An examplefrom North-Western Madagascar. CIFOR meeting withLivelihood Programme, Bogor, Indonesia, May 30.Koellner, T., 2006: Marketing ecosystem services from tropicalforests. Special workshop at the Conference of ISEE, New Delhi,India, December 15 – 18.Oliva, R., Chacon, G., Cooke, D., Lees, A., Forbes, G., 2006: IsPhytophthora infestans a good taxonomist-host recognition inthe Phythophthora/Solanum interaction? PAA / SolanaceaeConference, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, July 3 – 27.Schmidt, K., Beer, R., 2006: Walnut-fruit forests of Kyrgyzstan.Lecture held at the Natural History Museum Berne in theframework of the exposition “natürlich vernetzt. www.biodiversitaet.ch”,Berne, Switzerland, September 13.Sell, J., 2006: Market actors’ decision-making on ecosystem services.Empirical evidence from an international survey. Supply anddemand for ecosystem services from tropical forestry – Marketactors, marketing and institutions, Workshop organised by ETH-HES, Zurich, Switzerland, January 16.83

PublicationsOther international projects (non ZIL funded)Buchmann, N., Kahmen, A., 2006: Addressing the functional valueof biodiversity for ecosystem functioning using stable isotopes.Joint SIBAE/BASIN Conference on “Isotopes as Tracers of EcologicalChange”, Tomar, Portugal, March 15.Buchmann, N., 2006: Ecosystem functioning, biodiversity andenvironmental change: Understanding links and feedbacks in terrestrialecosystems. Colloquium of the Max Planck Institute forTerrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany, April 24.Buchmann, N., 2006: Auswirkungen des Globalen Wandels auf terrestrischeÖkosysteme. 6 th University Day of the TechnicalUniversity Munich, Germany, June 30.Buchmann, N., et al., 2006: Environmental and physiological controlsof oxygen isotope signals in water and organic matter resultin varying time lags among different plant compartments. AnnualMeeting of the Ecological Society of America (ESA), Memphis, USA,August 9.Buchmann, N., 2006: Biospheric-atmospheric trace gas exchangeof terrestrial ecosystems: Fluxes, drivers, open questions.Colloquium of the Federal Institute of Materials Science andTechnology (Empa), Dübendorf, Switzerland, December 12.Buchmann, N., 2007: Trace gas exchange between the biosphereand the atmosphere: What determines net ecosystem fluxes?Colloquium of the Institute of Environmental Sciences at theUniversity of Zurich. February 7.Buchmann, N., 2007: Global change research: From ecosystemfunctioning to policy relevance. Mentoring NetworkFrauSchafftWissen, ETH Zurich. August 13.Clément, C., 2006: Análisis químicas y efecto de la maca sobreparámetros de fertilidad de toros suizos. 8 th Curso Internacional dela Maca, Dirección de Promoción Agraria Pasco, Cerro de Pasco,Peru, October 13 – 14.Dorn, S., Gu, H., 2007: Codling moth mobility and fecundity, anddispersal in relation to radiation dose: Optimisation for SterileInsect Technique. 4 th FAO/IAEA Research Coordination Meeting on“Improvement of codling moth SIT to facilitate expansion of fieldapplication”, EMBRAPA. Brazil, Vacaria, March 19 – 23.Dorn, S., Sarvary, M., 2007: Cactoblastis cactorum laboratory performancestudies. International Cactoblastis cactorum Conference.USA, Phoenix, May 7 – 10.Egli, I., 2006: Inhibitors and enhancers of iron absorption, Ho ChiMinh City, Vietnam, September 4 – 8.Egli, I., 2006: Iron absorption from beans: Influence of phytatesand polyphenols. Joint International Atomic Energy Agency /HarvestPlus Meeting on Nutrient Uptake from Biofortified Crops.Vienna, Austria, May 17 – 19.Ehlers, K., 2006: Informationsreise zur Pflege einer ökologisch orientiertenAgrarwende in Kuba. Besuch einer Kuba Delegation inEschikon, Switzerland, July 21.Engel, S., 2006: The complexities of decentralization as anapproach to reduce natural resource degradation and poverty in aglobalized world. Keynote presentation at the InternationalConference on “Economics of Poverty, Environment and NaturalResource Use”, Wageningen, The Netherlands. May 17 – 19.Engel, S., López, R., 2006: Exploiting common resources with capital-intensivetechnologies: The role of external forces. AnnualMeeting of the Verein fuer Socialpolitik’s Research Committee onEnvironmental and Resource Economics (AURO), Oldenburg,Germany, May 5 – 6.Engel, S., López, R., 2006: Exploiting common resources with capital-intensivetechnologies: The role of external forces. Conferenceon Sustainable Resource Use and Economic Dynamics (SURED2006), Ascona, Switzerland, June 4 – 9.Engel, S. Palmer, C., 2006: Designing payments for environmentalservices in the context of weak property rights and commercialinterests. Supply and demand for ecosystem services from tropicalforestry – Market actors, marketing and institutions, Workshoporganised by ETH-HES, Zurich, Switzerland, January 16.Engel, S., 2007: Increasing the efficiency of conservation spending:The case of payments for environmental services in Costa Rica.Workshop “A Global Network of Forest Protected Areas under theCBD: Opportunities and Challenges”, University of Freiburg, May9 – 11.Engel, S., 2007: Conservation of tropical forests: Addressing marketfailure. Conference “Economic Development and EnvironmentalSustainability: A Dialogue on India”, The Initiative for PolicyDialogue, New Delhi, India, December 18 – 19.Eugster, W., 2006: Ion loads in tropical cloud forests in Puerto Ricoand Costa Rica and tracer techniques to assess throughfall. AGUFall Meeting, San Francisco, USA December 11.Farah, Z., 2006: Chemistry and technology of camel milk: The presentstate of knowledge. International seminar on Livestock andwildlife in the arid and desert regions. Arid Land Institute (IRA),Djerba, Tunisia, September 18 – 20.Frossard, E., 2006: Die Wiederherstellung der Bodenfruchtbarkeitin Afrika, im Süden der Sahara. Präsentation im Rahmen der “ETHunterwegs”, Gymnasium Bulle, Switzerland, November 21.Hurrell, R., 2006: Role of micronutrient interactions in epidemiologyof micronutrient deficiencies: Interaction of iron, iodine andvitamin A. Symposium at St. John’s Medical School, Bangalore,India, March 14.Hurrell, R., 2006: Linking the bioavailability of iron compounds tothe efficacy of iron fortified foods. Bioavailability 2006, ChiangMai, Thailand, March 7.Hurrell, R., 2006: Optimizing the bioavailability of iron compoundsfor food fortification. Sight and Life Workshop on Nutritionalanaemia, Spain, Barcelona, September 27.Hurrell, R., 2006: Food fortification as a strategy for healthimprovement: Potential and limits. Taiwan Nutrition SocietyAnnual Meeting, Taiwan, Taipei, May 18.Hurrell, R., 2006: Bioavailability of minerals and vitamins from fortifiedfoods. Taiwan Nutrition Society Annual Meeting, Taiwan,Taipei, May 19.Hurrell, R., 2006: Iron fortification: Efficacy / effectiveness andsafety. WHO Expert Consultation on Iron and Infection, Lyon,France, June 13.Hurrell, R., 2006: Plant iron in human nutrition. 13 th InternationalSymposium on Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants, France,Montpellier, July 4.Hurrell, R., 2006: Overview – Micronutrient fortification with specialreference to iron. GlaxoSmithKline meeting, Bangalore, India,March 14.84

PublicationsHurrell, R., 2006: Elemental iron for food fortification. HöganäsSymposium, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 6.Jemo, M., 2006: Agronomic management options to increase P use inlow-P soils of Southern Cameroon, NIDECO Colloquium, ETH Zurich,Switzerland, May 11.Kastner, S., 2006: Microbiological aspects of attiéké production:Microbial diversity in the inoculum and its impact on the fermentationprocess. Colloquium of the CSRS, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, August 31.Kastner, S., 2007: Cassava fermentation – Towards the improvementof attiéké quality and safety. International workshop on the potentialof cassava processing in West Africa, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, June 4 – 7.Kreuzer, M., 2006: Potential and constraints for agriculture andlivestock production in agroforestry systems. Trees for PovertyAlleviation, Annual Conference of the Swiss Centre forInternational Agriculture (ZIL), Zurich, Switzerland, June 9.Kreuzer, M., 2007: Mitigation, especially of methane, from livestockby feeding measures. 8 th Interagency Meeting of Pro-PoorLivestock and Animal Health Research Donors, Swiss College ofAgriculture, Zollikofen, Switzerland, June 7 – 8.Kreuzer, M., 2007: Unternutrition: Crossbreds or indigenous Zebubreeds to be preferred? Sustainable livestock-keeping in the tropicsand subtropics – In the suspense between environmental protectionand intensification, Interdisciplinary Day of the Course“Ruminant Science”, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 20.Mayer, A. C., 2006: Dieta para vacas criollas en sistemas silvopastorilesnaturales en el bosque montano tucumano-boliviano:observaciones directas, experimentos controlados y análisis bromatológicos.IV Congreso Latinoamericano de Agroforesteria,Varadero, Cuba, October 24 – 28.Mayer, A. C., 2007: Pros and cons of forest grazing in subtropicalmountain forests. Sustainable livestock-keeping in the tropics andsubtropics – In the suspense between environmental protectionand intensification. Interdisciplinary Day of the Course “RuminantScience”, ETH Zurich, June 20Palmer, C., Engel, S., 2006: Designing payments for environmentalservices in the context of weak property rights and commercialinterests. 3 rd World Congress of Environmental and ResourceEconomists, Kyoto, Japan, July 3 – 7.Palmer, C., Engel, S., 2006: Designing payments for environmentalservices with weak property rights and commercial interests.Annual Conference of the International Society of EcologicalEconomics (ISEE), New Delhi, December 15 – 19.Walczyk, T., 2006: Stable isotope techniques for assessing ironabsorption in humans. Regional Training Course on Stable IsotopeTechniques, Buenos Aires, Argentina, March 27 – 31.Walczyk, T., 2006: Opening new doors to nutrition research usingstable isotope techniques, National University of Singapore,Singapore, February 7.Walczyk, T., 2006: Effect of calcium and ascorbic acid on ironabsorption from an iron fortified instant drink. Bioavailability2006, Chiang Mai, Thailand, March 7 – 10.Wullschleger, S., 2007: Seasonal dependence of the microbialdiversity in fèné, a spontaneously fermented dairy product of Mali.NIDECO Colloquium, ETH Zurich, May 16.Zeugin, F., 2007: Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a tropicalplantation – Preliminary results. Seminar in Plant Nutrition,ETH Zurich, March.Zimmermann, M., 2006: Interactions of concurrent vitamin A andiodine deficiencies: Effects on the thyroid. Bioavailability 2006Symposium, Chiang Mai, Thailand, March.Zimmermann, M., 2006: Iron fortification reduces blood lead levels inIndian children. FASEB Meeting 2006, Washington DC, USA, April 3.Zimmermann, M., 2006: Iodine nutrition in pregnancy and childhood:An update. American Thyroid Association Spring Meeting,Washington DC, USA, March 24.Zimmermann, M., 2006: Assessing iodine status and monitoringprogress of iodized salt programs: An update. National PediatricConference, Tirana, Albania, June 2.Zimmermann, M., 2006: Vitamin A supplementation in childrenwith poor vitamin A and iron status increases erythropoietin andhemoglobin concentrations without changing total body iron.International Public Health Nutrition Conference, Barcelona,Spain, September 27.Zimmermann, M., 2006: Monitoring iodine nutrition: An update.Russian National Thyroid Congress Moscow, Russia, November 30.Zimmermann, M., 2006: Vitamin A and iron interactions in children.International Nutrition Seminar, Wageningen, TheNetherlands, December 12.Zimmermann, M., 2006: Micronutrient deficiencies in African children:Interactions and public health significance. HabilitationLecture, Zurich, Switzerland, December 5.Doctoral dissertationsZIL funded projectsDällenbach, G., 2006: Diversified cassava agroecosystems for ecologicallysound crop production in the Andean hillsides. Diss. ETHNr. 17002, Supervised by E. Frossard, co-supervised by M. Wolfe,P. Kerridge, M.R. Finck.Velten, G., 2007: Host-plant resistance in dry beans: Implicationsfor tritrophic interactions and hydration properties. Diss. ETH Nr.17012, Supervised by S. Dorn and A. S. Rott.RFPP projectsSell, J., 2006: Decision-making of market actors in the context ofecosystem services from tropical forestry – Criteria, preferencesand expected benefits. Diss. ETH Nr. 16447, Supervised by R. W.Scholz and T. Köllner.Zundel, C., 2006: Of mites and men: Agro-ecological factors affectingthe neotropical predatory mite Typhlodromalus aripo DeLeonand its potential to control the cassava green mite in the mid-altitudesof Cameroon. Doctoral thesis, University of Basel, Supervisedby P. Nagel and U. Scheidegger.Master and diploma thesesZIL funded projectsAufdermauer, T., 2006: Effect of diet type on the composition ofmilk and milk fat of indigenous and Brown Swiss cows kept at highaltitude in Peru. Supervised by K. Bartl and H. R. Wettstein.Bouillot, H., 2006: Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Beweidungsintensitätenauf ausgewählte Baum- und Straucharten in85

Publicationssubandinen Waldweide-Systemen Boliviens. Effect of differentgrazing stocking rates on woody plant species in Sub-Andean silvopastoralsystems in Bolivia. Supervised by A. Mayer and S.Marquardt.Schweizer, N., 2006: Significance of root exudation for the adaptationof Brachiaria grasses to low-P soils. Supervised by E. Frossard.Other international projects (non ZIL funded)Aelig, M., 2006: Sustainability on farm level: A case study in the villageof Bringakro, Côte d’Ivoire. Supervised by E. Frossard.Grob, C., 2007: Komplementäre Stickstoff-Nutzung tropischerBäume: Entwicklung und Optimierung von 15 N-Markierungsmethoden.M.Sc. Environm. Sciences, ETH Zurich. Supervised byN. Buchmann.Gubler, A., 2006: Field evaluation of methods for modeling cropwater use of winter wheat in Northern Syria. Supervised byE. Frossard.Locher, N. M., 2006: Screening of maca ecotypes, review of potentialstandardization procedures, and testing of maca to be usedas fertility enhancer in breeding bulls. Supervised by M. Kreuzer,A. Mayer and C. Clément.Semester thesesZIL funded projectsKeller, M., 2006: Eiablagestrategien eines wichtigen Parasitoidenvon Käfern in gelagerten Bohnen. Supervised by S. Dorn and A. S.Rott.Kilchsperger, R., 2006: Biophysische Charakterisierung derMilchproduktionssysteme im zentralen Berggebiet Nicaraguas.Supervised by H. D. Hess.Stadler, M., 2006: Einfluss der Wirtsqualität des Bohnenkäfers aufden Parasitierungserfolg von Dinarmus basalis. Supervised by S.Dorn and A. S. Rott.RFPP projectsDannecker, C., 2006: Risk assessment for tropical forestry projectsthat provide biodiversity. Semester thesis no. 24/05, ETH-NSSI.Supervised by T. Köllner.Other international projects (non ZIL funded)Aeschbacher, B., 2007: Evaluation of methodological basis for naturalabundance technique: The 15 N natural abundance signalsin different compartments and spatial variability. Supervised byE. Frossard, A. Oberson, S. Douxchamps.Eiselen, B., 2006: Smallholder farms in the Meegahakiula region inSri Lanka: Description of their current situation and their developmentpotentialities from an internal and external perspective.Supervised by P. Stamp and A. Grün.Gasser, S., 2006: Agronomic evaluation of model smallholderfarms in Sri Lanka, reversing soil degradation by tropical legumetrees. Supervised by P. Stamp and A. Grün.86

ZIL members, collaborators and partners in researchZIL members, collaboratorsand partners in researchZIL membersDr. Philipp AerniETH Zurich, institute for Environmental DecisionsSOL F9, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 5308Fax: +41 44 632 1086E-Mail: philipp.aerni@iaw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Renato AmadòETH Zurich, Institute of Food Science and NutritionHG FO 23.1, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 2593Fax: +41 44 632 1226E-Mail: renato.amado@ilw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Nikolaus AmrheinETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFW E53.1, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3838Fax: +41 44 632 1084E-Mail: nikolaus.amrhein@ipw.biol.ethz.chProf. Dr. Klaus ApelSelection CommitteeETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFW D17.3, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3821Fax: +41 44 632 1239E-Mail: klaus.apel@ipw.biol.ethz.chDr. Claudia Binder(new address)University of Zurich, Department of GeographyY25 J 66, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 ZurichPhone: +41 44 635 5262Fax : +41 44 635 6848E-Mail: cbinder@geo.unizh.chProf. Dr. Nina BuchmannETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFW C56, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3959Fax: +41 44 632 1153E-Mail: nina.buchmann@ipw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Harald BugmannETH Zurich, Department of Environmental SciencesCHN G76.1, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3239Fax: +41 44 632 1358E-Mail: harald.bugmann@env.ethz.chDr. Matthew Cock / Dr. Ulrich KuhlmannCABI Bioscience, Switzerland Centre1 Rue des Grillons, CH-2800 DélémontPhone: +41 32 421 4874 / 4882Fax: +41 32 421 4871E-Mail: m.cock@cabi.org / u.kuhlmann@cabi.orgInternet: www.cabi-bioscience.orgProf. Dr. Geneviève Défago(retired July 2006)ETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFW C22, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3869Fax: +41 44 632 1108E-Mail: genevieve.defago@agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Silvia DornZIL BoardETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFO G18, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3921Fax: +41 44 632 1171E-Mail: silvia.dorn@ipw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Peter EdwardsETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative BiologyCHN H12.1, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 4330Fax: +41 44 632 1215E-Mail: peter.edwards@env.ethz.chProf. Dr. Stefanie EngelETH Zurich, institute for Environmental DecisionsCHN K 76.3, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3218Fax: +41 44 632 1110E-Mail: stefanie.engel@env.ethz.chProf. Dr. Felix EscherZIL PresidentETH Zurich, Institute of Food Science and NutritionLFO E23, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3285Fax: +41 44 632 1123E-Mail: felix.escher@ilw.agrl.ethz.chDr. Zakaria FarahETH Zurich, Institute of Food Science and NutritionLFV D42, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 5373Fax: +41 44 632 1403E-Mail: zakaria.farah@ilw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Emmanuel FrossardZIL Board,Steering Committee Livestock SystemsETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesVersuchsstation Eschikon / FMG C17.2, CH-8315 LindauPhone: +41 52 354 9140Fax: +41 52 354 9119E-Mail: emmanuel.frossard@ipw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Jaboury GhazoulETH Zurich, Institute for Terrestrial EcosystemsCHN G74.1, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 8627Fax: +41 44 632 1575E-Mail: jaboury.ghazoul@env.ethz.chDr. Michael R. GoeETH Zurich, Institute of Animal SciencesTAN C2, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 7673Fax: +41 44 632 1167E-Mail: michael.goe@inw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Wilhelm GruissemETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFW E56.1, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 0857Fax: +41 44 632 1079E-Mail: wilhelm.gruissem@ipw.biol.ethz.ch87

ZIL members, collaborators and partners in research88Dr. Dominique GuenatZIL BoardAssociation de consultants en agriculture ACADECH-1423 FontanezierPhone: +41 24 436 2315Fax: +41 24 436 2345E-Mail: dominique guenat@bluewin.chProf. Dr. Hans Rudolf HeinimannETH Zurich, Department of Environmental SciencesCHN 72.2, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3235Fax: +41 44 632 1146E-Mail: hans.heinimann@env.ethz.chProf. Dr. Ottmar HoldenriederETH Zurich, Department of Environmental SciencesCHN G66, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3201Fax: +41 44 632 1380E-Mail: ottmar.holdenrieder@env.ethz.chProf. Dr. Richard HurrellZIL Board, Steering Committee Livestock SystemsETH Zurich, Institute of Food Science and NutritionLFV D20, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 8420Fax: +41 44 632 1470E-Mail: richard.hurrell@ilw.agrl.ethz.chDr. Jan JansaETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesEschikon 33, FMG C 23, CH-8315 LindauPhone: +41 52 354 9216Fax: +41 52 354 9119E-Mail: jan.jansa@ipw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Haja N. Kadarmideen(until September 2006)ETH Zurich, Institute of Animal SciencesUNS D7, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3266Fax: +41 44 632 1260E-Mail: haja.kadarmideen@inw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Rolf KappelSelection CommitteeETH Zurich, NADELVOB B13, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 4253Fax: +41 44 632 1207E-Mail: kappel@nadel.ethz.chAnnette Kolff(until June 2006)ZIL Board, Steering Committee Livestock SystemsIntercooperationMaulbeerstrasse 10, PF 6724, CH-3001 BernePhone: +41 31 385 1010Fax: +41 31 385 1009E-Mail: akolff@intercooperation.chInternet: www.intercooperation.chProf. Dr. Michael KreuzerZIL Board, Steering Committee Livestock Systems (Chair)ETH Zurich, Institute of Animal SciencesLFW B56, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 5972Fax: +41 44 632 1128E-Mail: michael.kreuzer@inw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Christophe LacroixETH Zurich, Institute of Food Science and NutritionLFV C20, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 635 4867Fax: +41 44 632 1403E-Mail: christophe.lacroix@ilw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Wolfgang LanghansETH Zurich, Institute of Animal SciencesSLA C3, CH-8603 SchwerzenbachPhone: +41 44 655 7420Fax: +41 44 655 7206E-Mail: wolfgang.langhans@inw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Bernard LehmannZIL Board, Steering Committee Livestock SystemsETH Zurich, Institute for Environmental DecisionsSOL D1.1, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 5391Fax: +41 44 632 1086E-Mail: lehmann@ethz.chProf. Dr. Martin LoessnerETH Zurich, Institute of Food Science and NutritionLFV B20, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3335Fax: +41 44 632 1266E-Mail: martin.loessner@ilw.agrl.ethz.chDr. Andrea MayerETH Zurich, Institute of Animal SciencesLFH B6, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3619Fax: +41 44 632 1128E-Mail: andrea.mayer@inw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Leo MeileETH Zurich, Institute of Food Science and NutritionLFV C 21, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3362Fax: +41 44 632 1403E-Mail: leo.meile@ilw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Bruce McDonaldETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative BiologyLFW B16, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3847Fax: +41 44 632 1572E-Mail: bruce.mcdonald@agrl.ethz.chDr. Astrid ObersonETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesVersuchsstation Eschikon / FMG C24, CH-8315 LindauPhone: +41 52 354 9140 / 32Fax: +41 52 354 9119E-Mail: astrid.oberson@ipw.agrl.ethz.chPD Dr. Christof SautterETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFW E32.1, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 5713Fax: +41 44 632 1044E-Mail: christof.sautter@ipw.biol.ethz.chProf. Dr. Rainer SchulinETH Zurich, Institute for Terrestrial EcosystemsCHN F31.1, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 633 6071Fax: +41 44 633 1123E-Mail: rainer.schulin@env.ethz.chProf. Dr. Klaus SeelandETH Zurich, Department of Environmental SciencesSOL E6, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3219Fax: +41 44 632 1110E-Mail: klaus.seeland@env.ethz.chDr. Jean-Pierre SorgZIL BoardETH Zurich, Department of Environmental SciencesCHN F75.2, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3214Fax: +41 44 632 1598E-Mail: jean-pierre.sorg@env.ethz.ch

ZIL members, collaborators and partners in researchProf. Dr. Peter StampETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFW C14, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3878Fax: +41 44 632 1143E-Mail: peter.stamp@ipw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Caspar WenkETH Zurich, Institute of Animal SciencesLFW B57.1, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3255Fax: +41 44 632 1128E-Mail: caspar.wenk@inw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Erich J. WindhabETH Zurich, Institute of Food Science and NutritionLFO E18, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 5348Fax: +41 44 632 1155E-Mail: erich.windhab@ilw.agrl.ethz.chExternal members in theZIL Project Selection CommitteeGiancarlo De PicciottoSDC Principal AdvisorFreiburgstrasse 130, CH-3003 BernePhone: +41 31 322 3482Fax: +41 31 324 1693E-Mail: giancarlo.depicciotto@deza.admin.chDr. Irene HoffmannFAO Animal Production and Health DivisionViale delle Terme di Caracalla00100 Rome, ItalyPhone: +39 06 570 52796Fax: +39 06 570 55749E-Mail: irene.hoffmann@fao.orgProf. Fritz SchneiderSchweizerische Hochschule für Landwirtschaft SHLLänggasse 85, 3052 ZollikofenPhone: +41 31 910 2172Fax: +41 31 910 2299E-Mail: fritz.schneider@shl.bfh.chSDC representativeDr. Willy GrafSDC representative to ZILSDC Natural Resources and Environment (NRU)Freiburgstrasse 130, CH-3003 BernePhone: +41 31 325 9307Fax: +41 31 324 9362E-Mail: willi.graf@deza.admin.chContact personsin ZIL projects and studiesDr. Manouchehr AminiEawagÜberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 DuebendorfPhone: +41 44 823 5465Fax: +41 44 823 5028E-Mail: manouchehr.amini@eawag.chDr. Ingrid Aulinger-LeipnerETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFW A4, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 8993Fax: +41 44 632 1143E-Mail: ingrid.aulinger@ipw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Awudu AbdulaiExternal Supervisor of ZIL ProjectDepartment of Food Economics and Consumption StudiesUniversity of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, GermanyPhone: +49 431 880 4426Fax: +49 431 880 7308E-Mail: aabdula@food-econ.uni-kiel.deInternet: www.food-econ.uni-kiel.deKarin BartlETH Zurich, Institute of Animal SciencesLFW B58.2, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 8942Fax: +41 44 632 1128E-Mail: karin.bartl@inw.agrl.ethz.chVirginie BoreuxETH Zurich, Institute for Terrestrial EcosystemsCHN G 72, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3058Fax: +41 44 632 1575E-Mail: virginie.boreux@env.ethz.chDaouda DaoCentre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques (CSRS)01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’IvoirePhone: +225 05 07 6203Fax: +225 23 45 1211E-Mail: Daouda.dao@csrs.ciDr. Lena DavidssonExternal Supervisor of ZIL ProjectInternational Atomic Energy Agency, Nutritional & Health-RelatedP. O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, AustriaPhone: +43 1 2600 21 657Fax: +43 1 26007E-Mail: l.davidsson@iaea.orgInternet: www.iaea.orgSabine Olivia DouxchampsETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesVersuchsstation Eschikon / FMG C 13.1, CH-8315 LindauPhone: +41 52 354 9143Fax: +41 52 354 9119E-Mail: sabine.douxchamps@ipw.agrl.ethz.chDr. Michel DumondelETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural EconomicsSOL B 9.1, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 5398Fax: +41 44 632 1086E-Mail: dumondel@ethz.chHenri EisenbeissETH Zurich, Institute of Geodesy and PhotogrammetryHIL D52.4, CH-8093 ZurichPhone: +41 44 633 3287Fax: +41 44 633 1101E-Mail: ehenri@geod.baug.ethz.chDr. Werner EugsterETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFW C55.2, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 6847Fax: +41 44 632 1153E-Mail: werner.eugster@ipw.agrl.ethz.chDr. Alain GaumeExternal Supervisor of ZIL ProjectAgroscope Changins-WädenswilPostfach 185, CH-8820 WädenswilPhone: +41 44 783 6158Fax: +41 44 780 6341E-Mail: alain.gaume@acw.admin.chInternet: www.acw.admin.ch89

ZIL members, collaborators and partners in researchStephanie GoodETH Zurich, Institute of Food Science and NutritionLFV D11.2, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 8225Fax: +41 44 632 1470stephanie.good@ilw.agrl.ethz.chProf. Dr. Armin GrünETH Zurich, Institute of Geodesy and PhotogrammetryHIL D 47.2, CH-8093 ZurichPhone: +41 44 633 3038Fax: +41 44 633 1101E-Mail: agruen@geod.baug.ethz.chDr. Hans-Dieter Hess(External supervisor of ZIL project)Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux (ALP)Tioleyre 4, CH-1725 PosieuxPhone: +41 26 407 7275Fax: +41 26 407 7300E-Mail: dieter.hess@alp.admin.chInternet: www.alp.admin.chUlrike Janßen-TapkenETH Zurich, Institute of Animal SciencesSOL F10, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3344Fax: +41 44 632 1086E-Mail: ulrike.janssen@inw.agrl.ethz.chSmitha KrishnanETH Zurich, Institute for Terrestrial EcosystemsCHN G 72, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 8868Fax: +41 44 632 1575E-Mail: smitha.krishnan@env.ethz.chAnnabé Louw-GaumeETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesEschikon 33, FMG C13.1, CH-8315 LindauPhone: +41 52 354 9143 / 9285Fax: +41 52 354 9119E-Mail: anna.louw-gaume@ipw.agrl.ethz.chSergio Mejía KerguelénCentro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical CIATApdo Aéreo 6713, Cali, ColombiaPhone: +57 2 445 0000Fax: +57 2 445 0073E-Mail: sergiomejiak@hotmail.comDr. Karsten ModyETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFO G23, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3933Fax: +41 44 632 1171E-Mail: karsten.mody@ipw.agrl.ethz.chEmily Awuor OumaP.O. Box 9286,Postal code 00900, Nairobi, KenyaPhone: +254 723 683027Fax: +49 431 880 7308E-Mail: awour1973@yahoo.comInternet: www.food-econ.uni-kiel.deMirco PlathETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFO G22, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3923Fax: +41 44 632 1171E-Mail: mirco.plath@ipw.agrl.ethz.chAnja Sibylle RottETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFO F19, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3936Fax: +41 44 632 1171E-Mail: anja.rott@ipw.agrl.ethz.chYoseph ShiferawInternational Livestock Research Institute ILRIDebre Zeit Research StationP. O. Box 5689, Addis Abada, EthiopiaPhone: +251 133 9566Fax: +251 133 8755E-Mail: y.shiferaw@cgiar.orgInternet: www.ilri.orgMartijn SonneveltETH Zurich, Institute for Environmental DecisionsSOL C7, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 0474Fax: +41 44 632 1086E-Mail: msonnevelt@ethz.chTassilo Tamino TiemannETH Zurich, Institute of Animal SciencesLFH B6, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 5683Fax: +41 44 632 1128E-Mail: tassilo.tiemann@inw.agrl.ethz.chGuido VeltenETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFO F21, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3925Fax: +41 44 632 1171E-Mail: guido.velten@ipw.agrl.ethz.chSebastian WolfETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFW A54.1, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3886Fax: +41 44 632 1153E-Mail: sebastian.wolf@ipw.agrl.ethz.chAstrid Mirjam ZabelETH Zurich, institute for Environmental DecisionsCHN K 77, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 4605Fax: +41 44 632 1110E-Mail: astrid.zabel@env.ethz.chDr. Peng ZhangETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesLFW E17, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 2244Fax: +41 44 632 1044E-Mail: zhang.peng@ipw.biol.ethz.chResearch fellows in RFPP projectsLanto Herilala AndriambeloCentre de Formation Professionelle Forestière CFPFBP 117 Morondava (619), MadagascarPhone: +261 32 046 7713E-Mail: lanto.andriambelo@laposte.netSajad BukoberoInstitute of Development Studies IUEDRue Rothschild 20, Case postale 136,CH-1211 Geneva 21Phone: +41 22 906 5940Fax: +41 22 906 5947E-Mail: bukober0@etu.unige.chInternet: www.iued.ch90

ZIL members, collaborators and partners in researchGabriela ChacónInternational Potato Centre CIPP. O. Box 17-21-1977, Quito, EcuadorPhone: +593 2 690 362Fax: +593 2 692 604E-Mail: g.chacon@cgiar.orgInternet: www.quito.cipotato.orgDr. Marco D’AlessandroInstitut de Biologie, Université de NeuchâtelCase postale 158, CH-2009 NeuchatelPhone: +41 32 718 3132Fax: +41 32 718 3001E-Mail: marco.dalessandro@unine.chInternet: www.unine.ch/leaeClémence DiracETH Zurich, Department of Environmental SciencesGroupe de Foresterie pour le DéveloppementCHN F75.3, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 5628Fax : +41 44 632 1598E-Mail: clemence.dirac@env.ethz.chFrank EyhornHelvetasP. O. Box, CH-8021 ZurichPhone: +41 44 368 6532Fax: +41 44 368 6580E-Mail: frank.eyhorn@helvetas.orgInternet: www.helvetas.orgDr. Christine FlurySwiss College of Agriculture SHLLaenggasse 85, CH-3052 ZollikofenPhone: +41 (0)31 910 2264Fax: +41 (0)31 910 2299E-Mail: christine.flury@shl.bfh.chDr. Martin JemoETH Zurich, Institute of Plant SciencesFMG C23, Eschikon 33, CH-8315 LindauPhone: +41 52 354 9141E-Mail: martin.jemo@ipw.agrl.ethz.chHgaza Kouassi Valéry KouameSwiss Centre for Scientific Research (CSRS)BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d’IvoirePhone: +225 23 47 2790Fax: +225 23 45 1211Email: hgazat.kouame@csrs.ciApollin Fotso KuateInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon)Mbalmayo, BP 2008 (Messa), Yaoundé, CameroonPhone: +237 223 7434 / 223 7522Fax: +237 223 7437E-mail: apollin.fotso@unibas.chInternet: www.iita.orgFrank MuttenzerInstitute of Development Studies IUEDRue Rothschild 24, Case postale 136, CH-1211 Genève 21Phone: +41 22 906 5940Fax: +41 22 906 5947E-Mail: frank.muttenzer@iued.unige.chInternet: www.iued.chDr. David OdongoInternational Livestock Research Institute ILRIP.O. Box 30709 Nairobi, KenyaPhone: +254 20 422 3000Fax: +254 20 422 3001E-Mail: d.odongo@cgiar.orgInternet: www.ilri.orgWalter Okello Ogutu(deceased, June 2007)CAB International, Africa Regional CentreP. O. Box 633-00621, Nairobi, KenyaPhone: +254 20 7224462 / 50Fax: +254 20 7122150E-mail: w.ogutu@cabi.orgRicardo OlivaCentro Internacional de la Papa CIPP.O. Box 17-21-1977, Quito, EcuadorPhone: +593 22 690362 / 690363Fax: +593 22 692604E-Mail: r.oliva@cgiar.orgInternet: www.cipotato.orgKaspar SchmidtETH Zurich, Department of Forest SciencesGroupe de Foresterie pour le DéveloppementHG FO22.3, CH-8092 ZurichPhone: +41 44 632 3203Fax: +41 44 632 1033E- Mail: kaspar.schmidt@env.ethz.chMarkus SchneiderLaboratory of Chemical and Biological Engineering, EPF LausanneCH H4 614, Station 6, CH-1015 LausannePhone: +41 21 693 6019Fax: +41 21 693 3680E-Mail: markus.schneider@epfl.chAtti TchabiInstitute of Botany, University of BaselHebelstrasse 1, CH-4056 BaselPhone: +41 61 267 2319Fax: +41 61 267 2330E-Mail: atti.tchabi@unibas.chInternet: www.unibas.chChanghu WangInternational Centre for Tropical Agriculture CIATA.A. 6713, Cali, ColombiaPhone: +57 2 445 0000 ext. 3470 (office) / 3265 (lab)Fax: +57 2 445 0073E-Mail: cwang@cgiar.orgInternet: www.cgiar.orgDr. Christine ZundelForschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FibL)Ackerstrasse, CH-5070 FrickPhone: +41 62 865 72 72Fax: +41 62 865 72 49E-Mail: christine.zundel@fibl.orgInternet: www.fibl.orgPeter NjauNational Plant Breeding Research CentreP. O. Njoro, KenyaPhone: +254 037 61528Fax: +254 516 1576E-Mail: njaupnn@yahoo.comInternet: www.kari.org91

AccountsAccounts 2006*Balance, December 31, 2006CHFAssetsCash 300.00Liquid funds (ETH accounts) 845 841.00Receivables, third parties 217 379.00Total assets 1 063 520.00LiabilitiesZIL reserve 770 880.00Liabilities, third parties 160 842.00Surplus 131 798.00Total liabilities 1 063 520.00Balance, December 31, 2006ExpensesIncomeExpendituresResearch 684 863.00Research projects, phase IV and V 586 423.00Conferences and studies, phase IV and V 41 832.00Programme and partnership development, phase IV and V 56 608.00Management and Operations 349 691.00Personnel 240 088.00Professional training 8 010.00Travel expenses 10 545.00Material 3 223.00Outsourcing 12 067.00Public relations 25 759.00Extraordinary expense (correction of wrong booking 2005) 50 000.00Total expenditures 1 034 554.00IncomeSDC contribution 963 990.00Membership fees 70 100.00RFPP administration, project overhead 32 261.00RFPP administration, fix contribution 100 000.00Total income 1 166 351.00Surplus 131 798.0092* Accounts 2007 will be presented at the end of the fiscal year 2007 on the ZIL Website.

List of acronymsAll units of the ETH Zurich are in italics.ImpressumPublisherZILSchweizerisches Zentrum für Internationale LandwirtschaftSwiss Centre for International AgricultureScheuchzerstrasse 7, ETH Zurich / SECCH-8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandEditorBarbara Becker, Executive Manager ZILDesign and LayoutArt Direction Stacy Müller, ZurichReproductionWith permission of ZILPhotosCover: M. Schneiderp. 3: F. Escherp. 4: D. Meienbergp. 7: M. Egloff (above), M. Zoss (below)pp. 9 – 11: M. Zossp. 13: ZILp. 15: World Agroforestry Centrep. 23 : M. Kaufmannp. 25: P. Zhangp. 26: S. Dornp. 27: R. Schulinp. 28: S. Krishnanp. 29: Save the Tiger Fundp. 30: S. Wolfp. 31: M. Sonneveltp. 32: S. Douxchampsp. 33: K. Bartl / R. Van Der Hoekp. 34: A. Louw-Gaumep. 35: T. Tiemannp. 36: E. Oumap. 37: U. Janßen-Tapkenp. 38: A. Meyerp. 39: Z. Farahp. 40: S. Goodp. 41: D. Daop. 43: K. Schmidtp. 44: G. Chacónp. 45: U. Scheideggerp. 46: F. Muttenzerp. 48: A. Tchabip. 49: D. Odongop. 50: C. Wangp. 51: R. Olivap. 52: S. Bukoberop. 53: M. Schneiderp. 54: L. H. Andriambelop. 55: J. Jansap. 56: W. Ogutu, H. Müller-Schärerp. 57: Rachid Hannap. 58: KARI, Njorop. 59: O. Hanottep. 60: M. D’Alessandrop. 61: J. JansaPrintingDruckerei Feldegg AG, Zollikerberg.Printed with a 74KARAT water-free offset machine, whichsubstantially reduces the emission of volatile organic compounds,and on chlorine-free paper produced from selected waste woodswithout the use of acids and whitening agents.AITAlARDARTASFBLWCATIECDECDMCGIARCIATCIFORCIMMYTCIPCMDCO 2CorpoicaCSIROCSRSD-AGRLD-BAUGD-BIOLDNAD-UWISECEFARDEMPAEPFLERA-ARDERA-NETESSAEUFAOFiBLGFARGISIAEAIAWICARDAICIPEICRAFIEDIFPRIIITAILRIILWINTAINWIPMIPWIUEDIWMIKFPEKIRFORlLBLm aslMDGsMJ/dMT DM/haNADELNATURANCSUNGONIDECONLUOECDPpQPMQTLRFPPRNASDCS-ENETHSFIARSGPWSHLSLPSSRSTISTRISVIALUKWARDAWHOWWFZnAsian Institute of Technology, BangkokAluminiumAgricultural Research for DevelopmentAgroscope Reckenholz-TänikonAnimal Source FoodSwiss Federal Office for AgricultureCentro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y EnseñanzaCentre for Development and Environment, University of BerneClean Development MechanismConsultative Group on International Agricultural ResearchInternational Centre for Tropical AgricultureCentre for International Forestry ResearchInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement CentreInternational Potato CentreCassava Mosaic DiseaseCarbon dioxideCorporación Colombiana de Investigación AgropecuariaCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCentre Suisse de Recherche Scientifique, Côte d’IvoireDepartment of Agricultural and Food SciencesDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic EngineeringDepartment of BiologyDeoxyribonucleic acidDepartment of Environmental SciencesEuropean CommissionEuropean Forum on Agricultural Research for DevelopmentEidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungs-AnstaltFederal Institute of Technology LausanneEuropean Research Area on Agricultural Research for DevelopmentEuropean Research Area NetworksEcole supérieure des sciences agronomiques, Université d’AntanarivoEuropean UnionFood and Agricultural Organisation of the United NationsForschungsinstitut für biologischen LandbauGlobal Forum on Agricultural ResearchGeographical Information SystemInternational Atomic Energy AgencyInstitute of Agricultural EconomicsInternational Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry AreasInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and EcologyWorld Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH ZurichInternational Food Policy Research InstituteInternational Institute of Tropical AgricultureInternational Livestock Research InstituteInstitute of Food Science and NutritionNicaraguan Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Animal SciencesIntegrated Pest ManagementInstitute of Plant SciencesInstitut universitaire d'études du développementInternational Water Management InstituteCommission for Research Partnerships with Developing CountriesKyrgyz-Swiss Forestry Support ProgrammeLitreLandwirtschaftliche Beratungszentrale Lindaumetres above sea levelMillenium Development GoalsMegajoule per dayMegatons dry matter per hectarePostgraduate Studies on Developing CountriesNetwork of European Agricultural (Tropically and Subtropically Oriented)Universities and Scientific Complexes related with Agricultural DevelopmentNorth Carolina State UniversityNon-governmental organisationNetwork for International Development and CooperationInstitut für Natur- Landschafts- und UmweltschutzOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentPhosphorusProbabilityQuality Protein MaizeQuantitative trait locusResearch Fellow Partnership ProgrammeRibonucleic acidSwiss Agency for Development and CooperationSchool Domain of Earth, Environment and Natural ResourcesSwiss Forum for International Agricultural ResearchSchweizerische Gesellschaft für PflanzenwissenschaftenSwiss College of AgricultureSystem-wide Livestock Programme of the CGIARSimple sequence repeatsSwiss Tropical InstituteSmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteSchweizerischer Verband der Ingenieur-Agronomen und Lebensmittel-IngenieureUnited KingdomAfrican Rice CentreWorld Health OrganisationWorld Wide Fund for NatureZinc

Swiss Centre for International AgricultureSchweizerisches Zentrum für Internationale LandwirtschaftCentre Suisse pour l’Agriculture InternationaleScheuchzerstrasse 7CH-8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandMixed SourcesSQS-COC-22349

Annual Report 2006/07 - ETH - North-South Centre North-South ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?